Jenny閱讀理解推斷題

Howtomakelogicalinference?ReadingComprehensionTherearethreemenonatrain.MrAspeaksEnglishandChinese.MrBspeaks

FrenchandEnglish.MrCcanonlytalkwithMrA.WhatlanguagedoesMrCspeak?

Chinese.typesofinferenceInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontextInferencebasedontheauthor’sopinionsorattitudes1.Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthepassagethat___.2.Thestorysuggests(暗示)that_______.3.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat____.4.Whichofthefollowingmighthappenlater?5.Fromthepassagewecantell/learn______.6.Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit_______.7.Whichofthefollowingindicates/implies____?Questionforms:Keypoint:意思要靠推斷得出，而不是從原文照搬

TypeA

Inferencebasedon

certaindetailsorfactsInferencebasedoncertaindetailsorfactsInferenceaboutdataEX(1)FamilyRailcardFor＄20thisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly＄3eachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets.Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate.

Q:Amanboughthimselfaticketof＄15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard.Howmuchdidhepay?A.＄44B.＄29C.＄24D.＄15

allowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly＄3each15+3x32)InferenceaboutdetailsTokyo：Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire（藍(lán)寶石）worthnearlysixhundreddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______A.anIndianhotelB.anIndianmuseumC.aJapanesehotelD.aJapanesemuseumEx(2)Fourpassengerswerekilledand39othersinjuredearlySundayafterabustravelingsouthonBeijing-ZhuhaiFreewaybrokethroughaguardrailandfelloffacliff.TrafficpoliceinShaoguanCity,southChina'sGuangdongProvince,saidthebuscarried43passengers.ItsetofffromNanyang,acityincentralChina'sHenanProvince,at10a.m.SaturdayheadedforDongguaninGuangdong.AllthepassengerswereresidentsfromZhenpingCountyinNanyangCity.Theaccidenthappenedaround3:46a.m.Sundaywhenthedriverattemptedtoavoidhittinganunidentifiedobjectinfrontofthebus.Youcanclickthelinkandwatchthevideotoknowmoreabouttheaccident.Whereisthispassagetakenfrom?NewspaperB.MagazineC.WebsiteD.TVnewsEx(3)3)InferenceaboutfactsEx(4)

SUNDAY,November14DISCOSatinSoundsDisco,freeatTheLordNapier,MortLakeHighStreet,from8a.m.to8p.m.FOLKMUSICatTheDerbyArms.TheShortStuffandresidentstheNormanChopTrio.Non-remembers70p.Tel:688—4626.HEAVYMUSICwithTonySimonatTheBull,UpperRichmondRoadWest,EastSheen.THEDERBYARMS,UpperRichmondRoadWest,giveyouJoeontheelectricaccordion.Q:Youwanttospendthesamedayattwodifferentplacesanddon’twanttocrossanystreet.Whichofthefollowingisyourbestchoice?A.Thesing-alongattheBlackHorseandJazzatTheBull’sHead.B.Thesing-alongatTheBlackHorseandFolkMusicatTheDerbyArms.C.FolkMusicatTheDerbyArmsandHeavyMusicwithTonySimonatTheBull.D.MusicalHallatTheStar＆GarterandDiscoatTheLordNapier.

Humanshaveaveryvarieddiet.Weofteneatfoodbecausewelikeitandnotbecauseitisgoodforus.IncountriessuchasFranceandBritain,peopleeatfoodswithtoomuchsugar.Thismakesthemoverweight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.Eatingtoomuchredmeatandanimalproducts,suchasbutter,canalsobebadforthehealth.Choosingtherightfood,therefore,hasbecomeanareaofstudyinmodemlife.

Q:Wecanlearnfromtheparagraphthat______.foodischosenforagoodreason B.FrenchandBritishfoodisgoodC.somepeoplehavefewchoicesoffood D.somepeoplecarelittleabouthealthydietEx(5)Discussion:ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeAis__________全文搜索細(xì)查勿漏準(zhǔn)確理解簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算依據(jù)事實(shí)理清關(guān)系

TypeB

Inferencebasedon

logicalrelationshipofthecontext

Inferencebasedonlogicalrelationshipofthecontext因果關(guān)系：for,since,becauseof,thatiswhy,so,therefore對(duì)比關(guān)系:

whereas,unlike,instead,otherwise

however,nevertheless,onthecontrary讓步關(guān)系：although,eventhough,despite,afterall概括關(guān)系：finally,generally,inaword,inconclusion,inshort強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系：indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明關(guān)系：infact,asamatteroffact,inaddition,inthiscase,furthermore注意信息詞----航標(biāo)燈例（1）利用句子之間承接與轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系推斷

NowandagainIhavehadhorribledreams,butnotenoughofthemmakemelosemydelightindreams.…….Mostpeopledonotseemtoacceptdreamingaspartoftheirlives.Theyappeartoseeitasanannoyinglittlehabit,likesneezing(打噴嚏).Icanneverunderstandthis.Mydreamlifedoesnotseemasimportantasmywakinglifebecausethereisfarlessofit,buttomeitisimportant.Q:Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowarddreaming?HelikesitB.Hethinksitpuzzling.C.HeusedtolikeitD.HedislikesitEx(6)例（2）利用段落的銜接與過(guò)渡詞推斷

Wehavesavedasafinalsetofemotionsthetwomostimportantemotions(情感)towardsotherpeople:loveanditsopposite,hate.Lovecanbeseeneverywhere.Yetsurprisingly,lovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearchthanotheremotions,suchasangerandfear.Thereasonforthismaybetwofold.First,loveisaverycomplex(復(fù)雜的)emotion,difficulttodescribeandmeasure.Secondly,unlikemanyextremeemotions,extremeloveisgenerallynotaproblem;thuslessmedicalattentionhasbeenpaidtoit.Q:Inpreviouspassage,

theauthorhasprobablybeendiscussing____.

A.thetwomostimportanthumanemotions---loveandhate

B.someemotionsthatareonlyproducedbyanimals

C.someothersetsofhumanemotionsthanofloveandhate

D.whylovehasbeenthesubjectoflessscientificresearch

Ex(7)例（3）抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthistime,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesoftheday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingmakesitpossibleforyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.

Q:

Thetextsuggeststhatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou_____.A.sufferfrompoorhealthB.feeltiredandnervousC.dreammoreoftenD.breathequicklyEx(8)Discussion:ThebestmethodforsolvingproblemsintypeBis__________弦外之音邏輯分析防止主觀直接陳述未經(jīng)推理必然為錯(cuò)過(guò)渡引申與文無(wú)關(guān)意在干擾TypeC

Inferencebasedontheauthor’sopinionsorattitudesInferencebasedontheauthor’sopinionsorattitudesWhat’stheauthor’smainpoint?Theauthorseemstoagreethat_________Intheauthor’sopinion,________Accordingtotheauthor,________Thisauthor’sattitudetowards….canbestbedescribedas______Questionsforms:Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto____.Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_________表達(dá)作者態(tài)度常用詞匯小結(jié)：approving贊成的critical批評(píng)的

neutral中立的

suspicious懷疑的

worried擔(dān)憂的

depressed沮喪的subjective主觀的

objective客觀的

confident有信心的

optimistic樂(lè)觀的

pessimistic悲觀的hostile敵對(duì)的positive積極的，樂(lè)觀的negative否定的，反對(duì)的impressed有深刻印象的doubtful不敢肯定的

indifferent不感興趣的persuasive說(shuō)服人的

interested感興趣的

factual實(shí)事求是的questioning質(zhì)問(wèn)的satisfied滿意的appreciative感激的，欣賞的1)注意作者對(duì)比的寫(xiě)作方法

Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.

“Myparentswereonthe‘before’sideofthatchange,buttoday'sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe

‘a(chǎn)fter’side,”explainsMr.Ballmer.“It'snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow.”Q:Bysaying“today'sparents,the40-year-olds,wereonthe‘a(chǎn)fter’side.”theauthormeansthattoday'sparents_________.

A.followthetrendofthechange

B.cansetalimittothechange

C.failtotakethechangeseriously

D.havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange解題注意點(diǎn)Ex(9)Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!2）注意仔細(xì)琢磨作者表達(dá)情感和態(tài)度的用詞方式肯定：certainly,nodoubt,surely,不太肯定：possibly，maybe,itissaidthat情感色彩：great,terrific,wonderfully,sadly,shameQ:TheattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersisA.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.Ex(10)3）注意作者使用反語(yǔ)Ifoundinmybaby‘sbehaviorametaphorforthenewgeneration.MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine，buthemerelyspituponthem.Whenwereadtohim，hedidnotfeelcomfortable.Andsoitisintheschools.Wefindthatourstudentsdon’treadandlookdownuponreadingandevenscoldthoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoiswatchTV.Therefore,Ihavereachedaconclusion:“Letthemwatchit!”Iftelevisionismuchmoreattractivetochildrenthanbooks,whyshouldwefightit?Letthemwatchalltheywant!Whatdoyouthinkistheauthor’sattitudetowardsTV?A.Curious.

B.Worried.

C.Unfavorable.

D.Favorable.Ex(11)4）注意作者對(duì)事件下的結(jié)論Ex(12)Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行賄），anddeath．Frankly，I’msickofallthisbadnews．Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto______．A．complainB．a(chǎn)pologizeC．a(chǎn)museD．informEx(13)Nooneshouldbeforcedtowearauniform.Uniformsaretotallyunnecessaryinademocraticsociety.Uniformtelltheworldthatthepersonwhowearsonehasnovalueasanindividual,thatis,theindividualinauniformlosesself-worth.Therearethosewhosaythatwearingauniformgivesasenseofidentificationwithamoreimportantconcept.Butinfact,theindividualhimselfisthemostimportant,ifanorganizationissoweakthatitmustrelyontheuniformtoinspireitmembers,thatorganizationhasnotrighttocontinueitsexistence.Ontheotherhand,uniformsalsohurttheeconomy.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisparagraphisto______.

A.

showthatuniformarepossibleinademocraticsociety

B.

advocatestrongergovernmentalcontrolsonthewearingofuniformsC.

convincethereaderthatuniformshavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages

D.

advocatedoingawaywithuniforms5）注意作者對(duì)動(dòng)作,場(chǎng)景的描述Bythistimetherewerequiteafewpeoplestandinginlines.Thewordsoonspreadtoothertravelersthatthecomputerwasdown.Somepeoplewentwhite,somepeoplestartedtocryandstillotherskickedtheirluggage.Intheparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat_______.A.amoderncomputerwon’tbedown.B.computerscantaketheplaceofhumansC.sometimesacomputermaybringsufferingtopeopleD.therewillbegreatchangesincomputersEx(14)Ex(15)Thatpoordoctorjustcouldn’tgetmyglovesoff.Eachtimehetookasteptowardsme,Ibrokeintopainfulshouting.thedoctorbegantostitch(縫合)myheadwound,notonlydidhemerrily（快樂(lè)地）cutoffalonglockofmyhair,butusednoanaesthetic(麻藥)either!Whatdidthewriterthinkofthedoctor?friendly.B.cruel.C.hardworking. D.kind推論題解題總結(jié)：依據(jù)事實(shí)把握細(xì)節(jié)簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算段首段尾圖文標(biāo)題細(xì)察勿漏弦外之音邏輯分析防止主觀直接陳述未經(jīng)推理必然為錯(cuò)過(guò)渡引申與文無(wú)關(guān)意在干擾作者態(tài)度遣詞用句推敲揣摩把握整體證據(jù)串聯(lián)攻無(wú)不勝鞏固練習(xí)Challenge

yourself(1)Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."

Q:Thesoundofthisbeetle________.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.

(2)Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest…..AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.…Ihadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork,…Idon’tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed(尷尬)bythewholethingDougorme.Q:Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis____A.totellaninterestingexperienceB.toshowtheeasiestwayoutofdifficultyC.todescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwomanD.toexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks（3）AU.S.Couplehavesucceededina55-meterfalloverHorseshoeFallsinabarrel(木桶)withonlyslighthurts.HorseshoeFallsistheCanadianpartofNiagaraFalls.StevenTrotterofFloridaandLoriMartinofAtlantatreatedatahospitalforsmallhurtsafterdroppingoverthefallsasaFather’sDayshow.Policetookanhourtofreethebarrelwrappedwithbulletproof(防彈的)materialandcoveredinthickplastics,fromrocksatthebaseofthefall.Q:WhichofthefollowinggivesthecorrectrelationshipbetweenCanada,NiagaraFallsand