第5講 動(dòng)詞種類和時(shí)態(tài)

第5講動(dòng)詞種類和時(shí)態(tài)

(一)動(dòng)詞1．動(dòng)詞分類根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的詞義及在句中所起的作用，可將動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。2．實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞，是有實(shí)在意義的動(dòng)詞，在句中能單獨(dú)作謂語。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞(能直接跟賓語的動(dòng)詞)和不及物動(dòng)詞(不能直接跟賓語的動(dòng)詞)。及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)后面需要跟賓語，意思才完整。HespenthischildhoodandyouthinShanghai.(vt.)Whatareyougoingtodowithsomanyeggs？(vt.)不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)不能直接跟賓語，但往往在其后加上介詞后就可以跟賓語了。Howareyougoingtodealwithsomanyeggs？(vi.)Ifanythinghappenstohim,pleaseletmeknowatonce.(vi.)注意：很多動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。Heiscooking.Heiscookingsomefish.Ihavetriedmybesttoimprovemymaths,butmymathshasn'timproved．3．系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義，但不完整，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和其后面的表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：(1)表狀態(tài)、保持某種狀態(tài)的：be,keep,stay,remain等。Theirclassroomis/keeps/staysveryclean.(2)表感官的：look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste，feel等。Themeatonthetablelooksverynice,butittastesterrible.(3)表變化的：become,get,turn,fall,come,go,grow等。Ihopethatallofyourdreamscancometrueoneday.Sheturnedoffthelightsandfellasleepverysoon.4．助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞無詞義，也不能獨(dú)立作謂語，用于幫助構(gòu)成某種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、疑問句、否定句或加強(qiáng)語氣等。常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be(am/is/are/was/were),do(do/does/did),have(have/has/had),will(will/would),shall(shall/should)等。HeiswatchingTVintheliving-roomnow.Idon'thaveanymoneywithmetoday.Wastheclassroomcleanedyesterday?Hediddohishomeworkyesterday.5．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人的語氣或態(tài)度，有詞義，但不完整，須跟其他動(dòng)詞(一般跟動(dòng)詞原形)一起構(gòu)成謂語；它本身沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；在其后加not即構(gòu)成否定，將其提前即構(gòu)成疑問。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,may,must,need,should等。(1)can能夠，會(huì)①表能力。HecanspeakJapaneseverywell.＝HeisabletospeakJapaneseverywell.②表請(qǐng)求、許可?！狢anIsitnexttoyou?—Ofcourse,youcan./Sorry,youcan't.注意：此處也可以用may/might/could，但might,could并不表示過去，只是語氣更加委婉?！狢ouldyoutellmehowtogettothecinema?—Yes,Ican.(2)may表請(qǐng)求、許可，意為“也許，可能”?！狹ayIuseyourbike?—Yes,youmay./No,youcan't/mustn't.注意：may的否定回答要用can't或mustn't,不能用maynot。(3)must表義務(wù)，意為“必須”。—MustIwashthemnow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't(don'thaveto)．注意：否定回答不能用mustn't(不允許，禁止)，而要用needn't或don'thaveto(沒必要)。(4)haveto表客觀產(chǎn)生的必要性，意為“不得不”。We'reingradethreenow,andwehavetodolotsofhomework.①must表示主觀意識(shí)到的必須，而haveto表示客觀上要求、不得不。Wemuststudyhardsincewearestudents.(5)haveto與must的區(qū)別：I'msorryIhavetoleave.It'selevennow.②haveto有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must沒有。Hehadtowalkbackhomeyesterdaybecausehedidn'ttakeanymoneywithhim.We'llhavetodothecookingbyourselvestomorrow.(6)need表需要。—NeedIbuysomefoodfordinner?—Yes,youmust/haveto/No,youneedn't.注意：need只能在否定句、疑問句中作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)其后須跟其他動(dòng)詞。need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，具體用法是：needsb.(sth.)/todosth./doingsth.Ireallyneedyou/yourhelp.Ineedtodothehouseworkmyselfathome.Ithinkyourhairneedswashing.(7)should應(yīng)該，相當(dāng)于besupposedto。AsChinese,weshould(aresupposedto)tryourbesttomakeourcountrystrongerandmorebeautiful.Youshouldn't(aren'tsupposedto)besolazy.(8)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法①表不肯定的推測(cè)用may,might,could以及它們的否定形式。Askthatmanoverthere.Hemay/might/couldknowtheway.Hemaycome,orhemaynotcome.I'mnotsure.②表比較肯定的推測(cè)用should/shouldn’t。It’s9：00now.Heshouldbeatwork.Heshouldn’tbeathome.③表肯定的推測(cè)時(shí)，疑問句中用can,肯定句中用must(一定),否定句中用can't(不可能)?！狢anhecometoourparty?—Yes,hemustcome.—No,hecan'tcome.HehasgonetoHongKong.④對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來的一般情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋原形”；對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來正在進(jìn)行的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋bedoing”；對(duì)過去的推測(cè)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”。Itmustbealotmorefuntotravelbyboat.Itmayraintomorrow.It's6：00now.Hemaybehavinghisdinner.Youlooksotired.Youmayhavegonetobedlatelastnight.()1.—Dad，mustwewaituntilthelightbecomesgreen?—Yes，I'mafraidwe______.That'sthetrafficrule.(2013·河南)A．canB．mayC．havetoD．need解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。由上文句意“我們必須等到燈變綠嗎？”和下文句意“那是交通規(guī)則”可知，我們必須要等到燈變?yōu)榫G色。haveto“不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的要求，故答案應(yīng)選C。()2.______IseeyourIDcard，sir？Wehavetocheckyourinformation.A．MayB．MustC．ShouldD．Need(2013·河北)解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。向別人請(qǐng)求許可可用can，may。根據(jù)句意，“我可以看一下你的身份證件嗎？我們不得不核實(shí)你的信息?！笨芍颂幈硎菊?qǐng)求許可，故答案應(yīng)選A。()3.Finishyourhomeworkfirst，thenyou'll_____watchTVforanhour.A．canB．beabletoC．a(chǎn)bleD．could(2013·白銀)解析：考查助動(dòng)詞用法。will是助動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞的原型，故選B。()4.—Amy，Ihearyou'vegotmanyforeigncoins.______Ihavealook?—Ofcourse，I'llfetchthemforyou.(2013·梅州)A．MayB．MustC．ShouldD．Need解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：艾米，我聽說你有很多外國硬幣。我可以看一下嗎？當(dāng)然了。我拿給你看。MayI．..？用于向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求，意為“我可以……嗎？”。故選A。()5.—Whereareyougoingthismonth?—We_____gotoXiamen，butwe'renotsure.(2013·天津)A．needn'tB．mustC．mightD．mustn't解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。A“不必”表建議；B“一定”表猜測(cè)的可能性很大；C“可能，也許”表不是很肯定的猜測(cè)。D“不允許”表命令。句意：這個(gè)月你們將去哪？我們或許去廈門，但還不確定。故選C符合語境。()6.—MayIgooutforawhile，Mom?—No，you______.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.(2013·威海)A．shouldn'tB．needn'tC．mustn'tD．won't解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：媽媽，我可以出去一會(huì)嗎？不，你不能。你必須首先完成你的作業(yè)。shouldn't不應(yīng)該；needn't不必要；mustn't一定不能，表示明令禁止；won't將不能。根據(jù)答語，你必須首先完成你的作業(yè)，可知不同意出去玩。故選B。()7.Studentsinourschool______knowshoutingisnotallowedinthelibrary.(2013·萊蕪)A．canB．mayC．mustD．need解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法辨析。can可以；may也許；must必須；need需要。根據(jù)句意：學(xué)生在我們學(xué)校必須知道不允許在圖書館大喊大叫，所以選擇答案C。()8.—______Ihavelunchnow，Mom?—No.Youmustwashyourhandsfirst.(2013·長沙)A．WouldB．MayC．Oughtto解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。Would和oughtto引導(dǎo)的問句，均不能用must回答，所以選擇答案B。()9.—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?—Notyet.We______gotoQingdao.It'sagoodplaceforvacation.(2013·泉州)A．mayB．needC．must解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：你已經(jīng)決定到哪里過暑假了嗎？還沒有呢，我們也許去青島。那是個(gè)度假的好地方。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)，may表“可能”，must表“一定”，can't表“不可能”，所以選擇答案A。(二)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)英語里，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞就要用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，不同的時(shí)態(tài)要用不同的形式表示，并且其否定、疑問形式也各不相同。各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞原形或三人稱單數(shù)形式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing一般將來時(shí)willdo一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞過去式過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過去完成時(shí)haddone過去將來時(shí)woulddo各種時(shí)態(tài)否定形式的構(gòu)成：(1)有助動(dòng)詞的，在其后加not構(gòu)成否定。Shehasfinishedhernewbookalready.→Shehasnotfinishedhernewbookyet.(2)無助動(dòng)詞的，先用助動(dòng)詞，然后在助動(dòng)詞后加not,最后將原來動(dòng)詞變回原形。Ididsomeshoppingyesterday.→Ididnotdoanyshoppingyesterday.各種時(shí)態(tài)疑問形式的構(gòu)成與否定形式的構(gòu)成相似。Shehasfinishedhernewbookalready.

→Hasshefinishedhernewbookyet?

Ididsomeshoppingyesterday.→Didyoudoanyshoppingyesterday?1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法(1)表習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語有always/usually,everyday/week,once/twiceaweek/amonth等。Ioftengettoschoolearliestinmyclass.Shewashesherhairtwiceaweek.They'rebusyallthetime.(2)表示目前的狀態(tài)。Weareverybusyatthemoment.It'sveryhotthesedays.(3)表客觀真理等。Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Onetreedoesnotmakeawood.(4)表現(xiàn)在的意愿、喜好、感覺或看法等。IwanttobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.Ilikekoalasbecausetheyarereallycute.Ifeelalittlehungrynow.Ithinkitnecessarytotalktohim.(5)狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Iwon'tleaveherebefore/untilhecomesback.Wewillgosightseeingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.(6)按照時(shí)間表或安排，表示將來要發(fā)生的事情，如：Theirplanetakesoffatthreeo’clocktomorrowafternoon.2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)用來表示說話時(shí)或目前這一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與之連用的有now,thesedays,atthe(this)moment，look,listen等。Look!Howquicklytheyarerunning!HeisvisitingGreecethesedays.(2)表示按計(jì)劃在近期要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，即“計(jì)劃的將來”?！猈hatareyoudoingforvacation?—Iamgoingtothebeach.(3)與always,usually等表頻率的詞連用，帶有贊揚(yáng)、厭惡等感情色彩。Healwayshelpingothers.Wealllikehim.(表贊揚(yáng))Sheisalwaystalkinginclass.(表不滿)3．一般過去時(shí)的用法(1)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hestayedathomealldayyesterday.Itwascoldandwindylastweek.(2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasoftenlateforschoollastyear.IwenthomeonceamonthwhenIwasinSeniorThree.注意：常用于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語主要有：①yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning等；②lastnight/week/month/year/Sunday等；③afewdaysago,amomentago(＝j(luò)ustnow)等；④in1997,inthe20thcentury,inhistwenties等。4．一般將來時(shí)的用法表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)候要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有tomorrow,nextweek,inafewyears等。主要表現(xiàn)形式有：(1)will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形(will可用于各種人稱，而shall只能用于第一人稱)①表示單純的將來。Ithinkthepriceofthehousewillbehigherinayear.Manyfamilieswillhavecarstenyearslater.②will還常用來表示“帶有意愿色彩的將來”。Iwilltellyouallaboutit.Ilikethispenverymuch.Willyoubuyitforme,mum?Shallweleavealittlelater?WhatshallIdoifIcan'tpasstheexam?(willyou常用來表請(qǐng)求，shallI/we常用來提建議或征求意見)(2)am/is/are＋goingto＋動(dòng)詞原形①表示按計(jì)劃在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)候要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Wearegoingtohavethehighschoolentranceexaminationattheendofthisschoolyear.

Myfatherisgoingtohaveabirthdaypartytomorrowevening.②表示有跡象在將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Lookattheclouds!Ithinkit'sgoingtorainverysoon.5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果?！狪syourfatherin?—Sorry,hehasgoneshopping.(強(qiáng)調(diào)人走了，不在家)—PleaseturnoffmyTV.—Ihaveturneditoff.(強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)關(guān)了，不用再關(guān))(2)表到現(xiàn)在為止的經(jīng)歷。Ihavespokentoforeignersmanytimes.It'sthefirsttime(that)Ihavebeenlateforschoolthisterm.It'sthethirdtime(that)thesamethinghashappenedtohim.Thisisthemostdeliciouspizza(that)Ihaveevereaten.(3)表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，時(shí)間狀語往往由for＋時(shí)間段或since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)。MikehasbeeninBeijingforhalfayearnow.Ihavelivedheresince1997/Iwasborn.注意：①這種用法中，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式。MikehascometoBeijingforhalfayearnow.(錯(cuò))

Mikehasbeenhereforhalfayearnow.(√)Wehaven'tseeneachotherforalongtime.(√)②“他已經(jīng)回來兩個(gè)月了?！钡谋磉_(dá)：Hehasalreadycomebackfortwomonths.()Hehasbeenbackfortwomonths.(√)(將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榱搜永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞)Itistwomonthssincehecameback.(√)Twomonthshaspassedsincehecameback.(√)Hecamebacktwomonthsago.(√)③記住常見短暫動(dòng)詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。begin/start→beon,comehere→beherecome/gotosp→bein/at,gothere→betherearrivein/at→bein/at,goout→beoutgotobed→beinbed,close→beclosedopen→beopen,die→bedead,getup→beupfallill→beill,lose→belost,buy→havebecome→be,receive/get→havecatchacold→haveacold,gotosleep→sleepgettoknow→know,puton→wear(穿)/beon(上演)leave→beaway(from),borrow→keepjoin→bein.../eback/goback/return→bebackfallasleep/gotosleep→beasleepfinish/end→beover,marry→bemarried(4)have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento與have/hasbeenin...三者的區(qū)別：

MybrotherhasgonetoSydney.(已經(jīng)去了，說話時(shí)可能在路上或已經(jīng)到了，但沒回來)MybrotherhasbeentoSydneytwice.(曾經(jīng)去過，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)回來了)MybrotherhasbeeninSydneyfortwomonths.(表在某地的狀態(tài)的持續(xù))(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：①如僅僅表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而不說明對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響、結(jié)果，用一般過去時(shí)；如果表示發(fā)生在過去但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或結(jié)果的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響、結(jié)果時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Isawamovielastnight.Iwon'tgotothemoviethiseveningbecauseIhaveseenittwice.②如果過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。WestayedinShanghaifortenhours.(沒持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)WehavestayedinShanghaifortenhours.(持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)③如果是justnow,lastweek,twodaysago,yesterday,in1997等過去時(shí)間要用一般過去時(shí)；如是already,yet,just,ever,never,before,sofar,tillnow,uptonow,inthepastthreedays等與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Shehasjustwashedtheclothes.Shewashedtheclothesjustnow.Theyhavebuiltthisbridgeinthepastthreeyears.Theybuiltthisbridgethreeyearsago.6．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示過去某個(gè)特定的時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常見的時(shí)間狀語有：then,atthattime,atthe(that)moment或時(shí)間狀語從句等。Iwascookinglunchwhenyoucalledme.Hewasn'tdoinganythingimportantatthattime.Whatwereyoudoingateighto'clockyesterdaymorning?(2)有時(shí)與always等連用，表示說話人的某種感情。HewasalwaystalkingtomewhileIwaslisteningtotheteachers.(表不滿)Hewasalwaysworkinghardwhenhewasyoung.(表稱贊)注意：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，后者表示動(dòng)作已完成。IwaswalkinghomewhenImethim.(動(dòng)作未完)IwalkedhomewithGaryafterthepartylastnight.(動(dòng)作完成了)AnnawaswatchingTVwhenthetelephonerang.AnnawatchedTValotwhenshewasilllastyear.7．過去將來時(shí)的用法表示在過去某一時(shí)間里將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它常用于主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。與一般將來時(shí)一樣，過去將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)有多種，具體如下：(1)would＋doIdidn'tthinktheywoulddisagreetoyourplan.Hesaidhewouldn'tgohikingwithus.

(2)was/weregoingtodoIwasgoingtoringyouyesterday,butIforgot.Iwasjustgoingtocrosstheroadwhensomebodyshouted“Stop！”(3)was/were＋doingHewasjustleavingforShanghaiwhenIsawhim.Weretheygoingtothecinemawhenyoumetthem?8．過去完成時(shí)的用法(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”，是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，只有在與過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作做比較時(shí)才會(huì)使用。Ihadlefttheclassroomby5o'clockyesterdayafternoon.Bytheendoflastyear,hehadbeeninJapanfortenyears.Bythetimewegotthere,themoviehadalreadybegun.Hetoldmethathehadn'tbeentoShanghaibefore.Whenwegotthere,thetrainhadalreadystarted.(2)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)候?yàn)橹沟膭?dòng)作或狀態(tài)。ThefilmhadbeenonforfiveminuteswhenIgottothecinema.9．*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示“從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，有時(shí)意思差不多，可互換。Theyhavelived/havebeenlivingherealltheirlives.(2)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行且未完成，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ihavewaitedforyouforonehour.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果)Ihavebeenpaintingmyhouseallday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還在繼續(xù))()1.—Whyareyouworried?—I'mexpectingacallfrommydaughter.She______New______forthreedays.(2013·常州)A．hasgonetoB．hasbeentoC．hasbeeninD．hascomein解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。hasgoneto去了某地(未返回)；hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過某地；hasbeenin在某地；hascomein已進(jìn)來。由答語前半句“我正期待我女兒的來電”forthreedays表一段時(shí)間，故選C。()2.—Whatdidyoudolastnight?—I______TVandreadbooks.(2013·婁底)A．watchB．watchedC．havewatched解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)上句中問句中是過去時(shí)，故答語中也要用相應(yīng)過去時(shí)，保持上下句的時(shí)態(tài)一致性，故答案為B。()3.—Lookatthesestamps.I______themforfiveyears.—Wow，theyarewonderful.(2013·衡陽)A．keptB．havekeptC．havebought解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。由forfiveyears可知本題是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，且動(dòng)詞需要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。故選B。()4.—Doyouknowwhotookthestudentstotheoldpeople‘shome，Tony?—Well，Mr.Smith______.(2013·宜昌)A．tookB．doesC．didD．do解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問句中的took可以判斷為一般過去時(shí)，故回答中用助動(dòng)詞did來替代。所以選擇答案C。()5.—I'dlikeyoutotellmesomethingaboutShennongjia.—I'msorry，butneitherJacknorI______there.(2013·孝感)A．havebeenB．hadbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone解析：考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。答語意為“對(duì)不起，但是杰克和我都沒去過那兒。”可知要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。have/hasbeento＋地點(diǎn)，意為“去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了；have/hasgoneto＋地點(diǎn)，意為“去了某地或在去某地的路上”；答句是neither...nor...引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列主語，故選A。()6.Sallytookaphotoofherfriendswhilethey______computergames.(2013·杭州)A．playB．a(chǎn)replayingC．haveplayedD．wereplaying解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“薩利為朋友照相”和下文句意“當(dāng)他們玩電腦游戲時(shí)”可知，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，while后常接進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。()1.TheplanetoChengdu______justnow.Youhavetowaituntiltomorrow.(2013·內(nèi)江)A．tookoffB．tookafterC．tookoutD．tookaway()2.Hisfamilyareworriedabouthimbecausetheyhaven't______lettersfromhimforalongtime.(2013·內(nèi)江)A．a(chǎn)cceptedB．receivedC．writtenD．collected()3.—Whatdoyouthinkofthezongzi?—They______delicious.Aretheymadebyyourmother？(2013·宜賓)A．soundB．tasteC．feelD．look()4.PresidentXiJinpingcallsonChinesepeopleto______allthefoodeachmeal.(2013·宜賓)A．eatupB．useupC．pickupD．cutup()5.Oh，it______sonice.Whatbeautifulmusicitis！(2013·重慶)A．smellsB．soundsC．tastesD．looks()6.Itwillbehardforustogetupinthemorningifwe______tobedtoolate.(2013·重慶)A．goB．wentC．willgoD．havegone()7.He______fortenyears.(2013·雅安)A．hasbeenmarriedB．MarriedC．gotmarriedD．hasmarriedABBABAA()8.Ihave______mywatcheverywhere.ButIcannotfindit.(2013·成都)A．lookatB．lookedupC．lookedup()9.—Whatdoestheinstructionsay?—Thecolorsinthedresswill______ifyouusehotwater.(2013·武漢)A．fallB．a(chǎn)ppearC．runD．shine()10.Itseemsthattheagedpeople______theH7N9moreeasilyfromtherecentcases.(2013·武漢)A．pickupB．mixupC．setupD．useup()11.Thanksforyourinvitation，butI'msosorryIcan'tgo.Ineedto______mybabyathome.(2013·廣州)A．takeawayB．takeoffC．takecareofD．takeoutof()12.ThismorningI______somenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.(2013·杭州)C．pickedupB．lookedupC．cleanedupD．gaveup()13.—Mum，I'mtiredofdoingtoomuchhomeworkeveryday.—Oh，dear，withouthardwork，youcan't______yourdream.(2013·荊州)A．chooseB．encourageC．manageD．a(chǎn)chieve()14.We______ourEnglishteachersincehemovedtoBeijing.(2013·達(dá)州)A．didn'thearfromB．haven'theardfromC．didn'treceiveD．haven'treceivedCCACBDB()15.—I'llcallyourparentsifyourhomework______beforefouro'clocktoday.—Sorry，Mr.Li.I'mdoingitrightnow.(2013·達(dá)州)A．isn'tdoneB．won'tbedoneC．doesn'tdoD．won'tdo()16.Idon'tknowifhe______totheEnglishcorner，butI'llaskhimaboutthatwhenhe______totheclass.(2013·內(nèi)江)A．goes；willcomeB．willgo；willcomeC．goes；comesD．willgo；comes()17.Thoughhe______thebookthreetimes，hehopestoreaditagain.(2013·內(nèi)江)A．readB．readsC．hasreadD．wouldread()18.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening，butyouwerenotin.—Sorry，I______intheshopwithmymother.(2013·重慶)A．a(chǎn)mB．willbeC．wasD．havebeen()19.Justaminute！Mybrother_____hiscarinthegarden.(2013·重慶)A．washesB．iswashingC．washedD．willwash()20.Iffarmers______treesandforests，giantpandas______nowheretolive.(2013·雅安)A．cutdown；haveB．willcutdown；willhaveC．willcutdon；haveD．cutdown；willhave()21.There______beafashionshowinourtowntomorrow.(2013·雅安)A．a(chǎn)regoingtoB．willhaveC．hasD．isgoingtoADCCBDD()22.We'll______anEnglishplay“SnowWhite”duringthisyear'sArtFestival.(2013·重慶)A．lookupB．lookoutC．putoffD．puton()23.—HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?—Yes.LastmonthI______there.(2013·成都)A．havebeenB．wentC．willgo()24.WhenJim'smothercamein，he______hishomework.(2013·長沙)A．isdoingB．hasdoneC．wasdoing()25.Look，somanypassengers______withtheirsmartphonesontheunderground.(2013·上海)A．playedB．willplayC．a(chǎn)replayingD．haveplayed()26.Theschoolboy______totheblindmanonhiswayhomeyesterdayafternoon.(2013·上海)A．a(chǎn)pologizesB．a(chǎn)pologizedC．willapologizeD．hasapologized()27.Theofficialsaidthey______anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.(2013·上海)A．makesB．wouldmakeC．madeD．havemade()28.Mr.Green，afamouswriter,______ourschoolnextweek.(2013·北京)A．visitedB．visitsC．wasvisitingD．willvisit()29.MissLin______alotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.(2013·北京)A．doesB．didC．hasdoneD．willdo()30.—WhatdoesTom'suncledo?—Heisateacher.He______physicsataschoolnow.(2013·武漢)A．willteachB．hastaughtC．teachesD．taughtDBCCBBDCCⅡ.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Heusually______(go)toschoolbybike,butsometimesonfoot.2．Howlongdoyou_______(sleep)everynight?3．—Whereisyourbrother?—Heis________(play)computergamesinhisbedroom.4．—Whendoesheusually______(get)upinthemorning?—By6：30.5．—Whendidhe______(get)upthismorning?—He______(get)upafter8：00thismorning.6．Listen!Whatarethey_______(talk)about?7．Canyou______(see)theblackboardclearlynow?8．Afterhe______(come)home,hetook(take)offhissportsshoesandbegantowatchTV.9．He________(brush)histeethtwiceaday.10．Henever______(go)toworklate.11．—Who________(teach)youEnglish?—MissWangdoes.12．Jimwithhisfriendsoften_____(help)theoldmanwhentheyarefree.13．Whenhesawhisfathercomeback,he________(stop)watchingTVatonce.14．Areyou______(go)thereonfoot?15．It'sthebestsongIhave______(hear)．goessleepplayinggetgetgottalkingseecamebrushesgoesteacheshelpsstoppedgoingheardI．單項(xiàng)選擇。(每小題1分，共15分)()1.—Whydon'tyouhaveanotebookwithyou?—I've______itathome.A．forgottenB．lostC．leftD．found()2.There______afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A．willhaveB．isgoingtobeC．hasD．isgoingtohave()3.—Lucy,______you______yourticket?—Notyet.A．did;findB．have;foundC．has;foundD．do;find()4.I______thisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturn itnow.