第2章3 樓宇供配電系統(tǒng)(英文)

Chapter2

Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5Examples1whatkindofdistributionsystem?2Residenceinformation?unit/floor3powerlineincome?4Maindistributionpanel?5Unitdistributionpanel?6Familydistributionpanel?7cablebox?8specificationofthemainswitch?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)1whatkindofdistributionsystem?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆Distributionsystemforresidencebuilding2Residenceinformation?unit/floor2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆sixfloor/threeunit3powerlineincome?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆Cableinput◆cablejointincableboxDJR4Maindistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆MaindistributionpanelAL-1-1GM100H-3300/63AGM225H-3300/160AGM100H-3300/63AGM100H-3300/63AXA10-1P-C6AAL-1-1DJPR-600×600×180DJR-600×600×1801L-3×25+2×16-SC50-FC.WC4L-3×25-SC15-WCResidencedistributionsystem4Maindistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)◆MaindistributionpanelAL-1-1◆specificationofthemainswitch

GM225H-3300/160A●33pthreepoleswires●3meansthereisacompoundtrip●00noaccessories

●

160Asettingvalueforcontactors

表示觸頭動作整定電流5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)FourbranchfromAL-1-11L\2L\3L\4L,threephaseforeachbranchtounitdistributionpanel

AL-1-2DJDR-05-600×700×160WhWhWhLLXA10-1P-C6AXA10-3P-50AXA10-1P-C6AXA10-1P-C20AXA10-1P-C20A4L3L2L1LThreemeterslongdistancetransmissionPubliclightingkilowatt-hourmeter;watt-hourmeter;electricmeter

Luserdistributionpanel5Unitdistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)XA10-3P-50Aratedcurrent50A6Familydistributionpanel?2.3Diagramreading(Ⅲ)LuserdistributionpanelXA10-1P-C20AXA10LE-1/2-16A(30mA)L2XA10LE-1/2-16A(30mA)L3lightingsocketsocketSystemdiagramofuserdistributionpanel(L)系統(tǒng)圖LEforleakprotection?2pole(ahotandaneutral)16Acapacity30mAactuatingcurrentforcircuitbreaker1GL-630/3PK630A三相負荷隔離開關，裝在PK電控柜里面2YJV22－4*95－SC100－FCWC4根95個平方的交聯聚氯乙烯電纜穿SC（鋼管）100（埋地）WC（墻內敷設）3CM1L250H/4P-200A+Vigi300mA,0.3SCM1L表示CM1系列帶漏電(剩余電流)保護的塑殼斷路器250表示殼架等級電流為250A，4P表示四極(L1、L2、L3、N);200A表示額定電流為200安培;Vigi300mA表示漏電動作電流為300毫安;0.3s表示漏電保護動作時間小于等于0.3秒

2.7

問題討論?1

LeakageProtection

關于漏電開關？Zerosequenceprotection零序電流保護Zerosequenceprotection零序電流保護Zerosequenceprotection零序電流保護Residualcurrentprotection剩余電流保護Voltage

Dependent

ResistorResidualcurrentprotection剩余電流保護A

residual-currentdevice

(RCD),or

residual-currentcircuitbreaker

(RCCB)

isanelectricalwiring

devicethatdisconnectsacircuitwheneveritdetectsthatthe

electriccurrent

isnotbalancedbetweentheenergized(line)conductor(s)andthereturn(neutral)conductor.Innormalcircumstances,thesetwowiresareexpectedtocarrymatchingcurrents,andanydifferenceusuallyindicatesa

shortcircuit

.Acurrentofaround30mA

(0.030

Amps)ispotentiallysufficienttocause

cardiacarrestorseriousharmifitpersistsformorethanasmallfractionofasecond.RCDaredesignedtodisconnecttheconductingwiresquicklyenoughtopreventseriousinjuryfromsuchshocks.(ThisiscommonlydescribedastheRCDbeing"tripped".)RCD

Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護漏電開關Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護日產日本三菱（Mitsubishi）、富士（Fuji）、歐姆龍（Ormon）、東芝（Toshiba）漏電開關Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護美國產漏電開關Singlephaseleakageprotection單相漏電保護?2CircuitBreaker關于空氣開關（斷路器）？為什么空氣開關有這么多樣子？有什么區(qū)別？CircuitBreaker？

1P220VHotonly2P220VHotandNeutrul3P380VThreehotlines4P

380V

ThreehotlinesandNeutralCircuitBreaker？1F2F3F4F5F6F53333333333335333333333333554433554433?3About

balanceofthreephase？

★AccordingtotheresidentialhousingareaUnder60m2:4~5kW；60m2~100m2:5kW~6kW；100m2:8kW~12kW；150m218~20kW★RequirementSingle-phasefor8kWandbelow.Three-phaseforover8kW.

?4Aboutresidentialpowersupplycapacity?5Electricsilo？◆Path:forheavyandlightcurrentwires

◆Types:有強電井、弱電井，也有強弱結合，這時強弱電干線之間采取隔離措施，以免干擾?！鬢iring:豎井內可采用金屬管、金屬線槽、電纜、電纜橋架和封閉母線◆Onefor600m2一Concept:

在電氣豎井內，如果除敷設干線回路外，還設置各層的電力、照明分配電箱及弱電設備的端子箱等電氣設備，則稱為電氣小間。(2)Characteristics:◆豎井的一部分◆每個樓層上都有◆每層均設向外開的小門?6Switching

room?配電小間內有什么?電氣豎井就是從建筑物的底層到頂層留出的一條井道。豎井在每個樓層設有配電小間，每層都有樓板隔開，只留出不同尺寸的孔洞?6Switching

room?

What’s

inside?Insidetheswitchingroom:Power

line電力干線Powerdistributionpanel動力配電箱Lightingdistributionpanel照明配電箱Junctionbox

forphone電話匯接箱ClosedCircuitTV閉路電視Computer

controlsystem電腦控制系統(tǒng)?6Switching

room?

What’s

inside?奇勝（Clipsal），梅蘭日蘭

西門子ABB一直是該產品生產領域的佼佼者，產品性能穩(wěn)定，質量可靠。

?7Brand品牌是質量的保證Chapter2

Powersupplyanddistributionsystem2.1Introduction2.2Typicalsysteminsidethebuilding2.3systemdiagramreading2.4monitoringsystem2.5Examples2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（優(yōu)點）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸變、高次諧波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解決）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏離和波動（危害和解決辦法）

Ⅳ

Frequency電源頻率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4MonitoringsystemⅠReliabilityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

10kVBusS1S2MainSpare主備10kVBusS1S2Power1Power2TieswitchFireliftFireprotectionEmergencylightingHalllightinggeneratorMainIMainIIEmergencybusUPScomputerImportantloadinterlockGmainsupply380V/220VbusbarTransformer10kV/400V380V/220Vspare2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（優(yōu)點）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸變、高次諧波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解決）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏離和波動（危害和解決辦法）

Ⅳ

Frequency電源頻率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

IBMSurvey

Report

2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Reliability:如惠普公司集成電路工廠停電20分鐘將引起3000萬美元損失。Threephasebalance:大量電力電子裝置的使用、電容投切等造成負荷不對稱并引起嚴重的電能質量問題。Voltagedeviation:電壓低于0.9額定值時，某些電動機將不能正常工作。High-orderHarmonics:高次諧波會導致對精密電子設備工作的干擾和電器設備的異常發(fā)熱，造成設備的永久性損壞。Frequency:供電電壓的頻率變化，則直接影響各種電氣設備正常運行。2.4Monitoringsystem2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Chips當電壓低于85％時，測試儀停止工作，芯片、主板可能被毀；PLC

早期的產品，當電壓低于10％時，仍能持續(xù)工作15個周波新版產品，當電壓低于(50～60)％時，PLC停止工作；而2

年后資料表明，當電壓低于81％時，PLC停止工作；ROBOAT

由機器人控制對金屬部件進行鉆、切割等精密加工的機械工 具，為保證產品質量和安全，工作電壓檻值一般設為90％，當電壓低于此值、持續(xù)時間超過2～3個周波時，被跳閘。

DCMotor當電壓低于80％時，直流電機被跳閘。VVVF當電壓低于70％，持續(xù)時間超過6個周波時，VSD被切除。 而對于一些精細加工業(yè)中的電機，當電壓低于90％、持續(xù)時 間超過3個周波時，電機就會被跳閘而退出運行。

研究表明：當電壓低于50％～70％、持續(xù)時間超過1個周波，接Contacter觸器就會脫扣。

Computer當電壓低于60％，持續(xù)時間超過12個周波時，計算工作將 到影響，如數據丟失。2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Powerlinecarrier（優(yōu)點）◆Powergridproblem

（波形畸變、高次諧波）◆Pollution（原因、危害、解決）ⅠReliabilityofpowersupplyⅡQualityofpowersupply2.4.1ImportanceofMonitoring

Ⅲ

Voltage偏離和波動（危害和解決辦法）

Ⅳ

Frequency電源頻率（速度、阻抗）

Ⅴ

Balancedthree-phase

三相平衡2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

◆Differentsymbolandcoloronthescreen

表示接通、分斷、短路或過載等各種運行狀態(tài)，◆Voiceorwordalarm

方便值班工作人員及時處理故障?！鬍quipmentsstatus

柴油發(fā)動機、UPS應急電源等應有相應狀態(tài)顯示。ⅠStatusMonitoring

:Thestatusofcircuitbreakersandrelays2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4MonitoringsystemInterfaceofpowersupplyanddistributingsystem

電壓、電流、頻率、變壓器溫度、有功功率、無功功率、功率因數等，以及柴油發(fā)電機等其他設備的運行參數。◆Mainparameters:Ⅱ

OperationParameters◆Mainfunctions:自動測量、記錄存盤、超限報警。2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Sound&LightAlarm

運行過程中發(fā)生故障，供配電設備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應立即發(fā)出聲光報警。◆Displaytheinterfacewhichindicatethefailure以便值班人員及時地處理故障。◆Restore

只有在故障消除后，顯示的故障狀態(tài)圖標才會恢復為正常的運行狀態(tài)圖標。

faultclearanceFaultIconⅢ

Faultmonitoringsystem:2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4Monitoringsystem◆Acquisitionandstorage

定時采集并存儲運行參數，◆LoadChart

能自動生成日負荷表及年度報表。◆RecordandArchive

操作記錄均能自動記錄存檔，◆Predictionandanalysis

對負荷曲線進行趨勢預測和分析，提出改進方案。Ⅳ

Faultrecords:2.4.2FunctionofMonitoringsystem

2.4MonitoringsystemThreelayers：現場I/O、控制層和管理層。（開關柜）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）I/OI/OcontrolI/OFieldbus（MODBUS）BACnet工業(yè)以太網Managementlayer（PLC，工控PC，DDC）DatabaseMonitoringcomputer2.4.3Systemconstitution

2.4.3Systemconstitution2.4MonitoringsystemFieldI/OlayerControllayerEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentEquipmentFieldI/OModernI/O:intelligentcircuitbreaker,RemoteDataAcquisitionModule,RTU(RemoteTerminalUnit),measuringandcontroling測量常用的電力參數,如三相電壓、電流、有功功率、無功功率、頻率、功率因數，可同時顯示多個測量參數和電網系統(tǒng)的運行參數。2.4.3Systemconstitution

2.4MonitoringsystemRTUpowermeasuringandcontrolingVoltagetransducerSpecificationsInput3Phase,0-150Vac.,0-300Vac.Powersupply110Vac.,220Vac.Operatingtemperature0-50CWringScrewterminalsMountingWallmountDimensionW132xH132xD162mm.Orderinginformation

SpecifyInput,Output,PowersupplyExampleVT195/0-150Vac/4-20mA/220Vac.VoltagetransducerCurrenttransducer電流變送器溫度變送器頻率變送器功率變送器智能變送器CurrenttransducerCurrenttransducerPowertransducerfrequencytransducerTemperaturetransducerIntelligentTemperatureTransducer2.4.4Typeofsignal2.4.4Typeofsignal

◆voltage電壓◆current電流◆temperature溫度◆power功率ⅠAI(analoginput)

模擬量Ⅱ

DI(digitalinput)數字量◆circuitbreaker

斷路器◆switch開關2.4Monitoringsystem

fQPwTEVTITФTEФVT

fQPwITAIDIAIAIAI3AIDIDIDI3AIAIAIAIDIAI2.4.4Typeofsignal2.4Monitoringsystem2.5LoadcalculationDemandCoefficientMethod（需要系數法）1GrouploadcalculationActivepowerPc=kdPN(kW)ReactivepowerQc=Pctgφ

(kVar)ApparentpowerCurrentSc=√Pc2+Qc2Ic=Sc3UNLPc—groupcapacity

kd

—demandcoefficientUNL—linevoltage2Totalloadcalculation∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)Sc=√(∑Pc)2+(∑

Qc)2∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)Example

Aworkshopwith380Vpowersupply.Thereare20electricmachines（electricmotor11kW1，5.5kW4，3kW10,2.2kW5），4blower(2.6kW4)，electricfurnace(2kW4)，Trytodotheloadcalculation。

checkthetableforthepowerfactorandcoefficient1Grouploadcalculation2Totalloadcalculation◆electricmachinegroup查表

kd=0.2cosφ=0.6tgφ=1.33Pc1=kdPN1=

0.2×74=14.8(kW)Qc1=Pctgφ1

=14.8×1.33=19.68(kVar)◆blowergroup查表

kd=0.7cosφ=0.8tgφ=0.75Pc2=kdPN2=0.7×10.4=7.28(kW)Qc2=Pctgφ2

=7.28×0.75=5.46(kVar)◆electricfurnace查表

kd=0.65cosφ=0.95tgφ=0.33Pc3=kdPN3=0.65×8=5.2(kW)Qc3=Pctgφ3=5.2×0.33=1.72(kVar)1GrouploadcalculationSc=√(∑Pc)2+(∑

Qc)2∑Pc=k∑∑(

kdPN)=0.9×(14.8+7.28+1.72)=24.6kW∑Qc=k∑∑(Pctgφ)=0.9×(19.68+5.46+1.72)=24.2kVar=34.5kVAIc=Sc3UNL=52.5A查表k∑=0.92Totalloadcalculation需用系數法負荷計算表工程名稱:

工號：

序用電設備組回臺設備容量需要系數電壓COSφtgφ計算負荷變壓器(千伏安)號名

稱規(guī)格路數Pe(千瓦)KcKVPjs(KW)Q(Kvar)S(KVA)Ijs(A)開關導線選擇1冷加工組

20740.23800.61.3314.8019.7324.6737.48

2通風機組

410.40.73800.80.757.285.469.1013.83

3電阻爐

280.653800.950.335.201.715.478.32

222

以上功率合計92.4

0.712

27.2826.9038.3158.21

取同時系數0.9

補償后功率因數0.85

總負荷補償前

0.7120.9924.5524.2134.4852.39

總負荷補償后

0.850.6224.5515.2228.8843.89

無功補償

9.00

需用系數法負荷計算表工程名稱:

工號：

序用電設備組相臺設備容量需要系數電壓COSφtgφ計算負荷變壓器(千伏安)號名

稱規(guī)格數數Pe(千瓦)KcKVPjs(KW)Q(Kvar)S(KVA)Ijs(A)開關導線選擇1冷加工組

A2060.452200.51.732.704.685.4024.55

2通風機組

B470.72200.90.484.902.375.4424.75

3電阻爐

C270.42200.51.732.804.855.6025.45

D

750.23800.90.4815