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第二講形容詞、副詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)GrammarStructure形容詞比較結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)定語從句非謂語動詞虛擬語氣倒裝句Aisnot+形容詞比較級+than+B
A不如BBushisnotyoungerthanObama.布什不如奧巴馬年輕。ObamaisnotwhiterthanBush.奧巴馬不如布什白。BushisnotmoreintelligentthanObama.布什不如奧巴馬有文化。Aisno+形容詞比較級+than+B
A和B都不(否定兩者)ObamaisnoyoungerthanBush.奧巴馬和布什都不年輕ObamaisnotallerthanBush.奧巴馬和布什都不高Obamaisnomoreintelligentthanbush.奧巴馬和布什都沒有文化。Comparativestructures1)“As…as”constructionBasicpattern:“as+adjective/adverb+as”E.g.JohnisasbrightasBob.Negativesentence:JohnisnotsobrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob.as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)asmuch/many+noun+asclauseYoucantakeasmuchbutterasyouneed.as+adjective+nounphrase+asclausenounphrase:a/an+可數(shù)名詞zero+不可數(shù)名詞GeorgeisasefficientaworkerasJack.GeorgeisaworkerasefficientasJack.2)“more…than”constructionBasicpatternTheparcelisheavierthanthatone.NegativepatternTheparcelislessheavythanthatone.Theparcelisnotso/asheavyasthatone.Anothervariantform:“the+comparativeadjective/adverb+of-phrase”E.g.Johnisthebrighterofthetwoboys.OfthetwoboysJohnbehaves(the)morepolitely.Athirdvariantform:“more/lessofa+noun+than-cause”Heismore/lessofasportsmanthanhisbrother.a.“more…than”vs.morethanModernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.“不僅僅是”
IhaveknownDavidformorethan20years.“不止”IassureyouIammorethangladtohelpyou.“非?!盩hatismorethanIcanunderstand.“簡直不”“遠(yuǎn)非”,難以,完全不能(其后通常連用情態(tài)動詞can)Moreoftenthannot(經(jīng)常),peopletendtopayattentiontowhattheycantakeratherthanwhattheycangive.Heismorecarefulthantheothers.比……多,比……更Heismoreluckythanclever.與其……不如
Heismorewittythanwise.與其說他聰明,不如說他機(jī)智。
notso…as不如,不像
HeisnotsotallasTom.
Thiscakeisnotsodeliciousasthatone.as…as中間用形容詞或副詞的原級,用于肯定句。"和....一樣..."如:Thecityhereisascleanasthatone.notso/as...as中間也是用原級,意思一樣,用于否定句。“和...不一樣...”如:Thepeoplehereisnotsofriendlyasthere.b.“notso…as”vs.“notsomuch…as”“as…as”vs.“asmuch…as”
notclevererthanJackis
notascleveras
Tom
lesscleverthannotso+原形+as=less+原級+than
…不及…notsomuch…as與其說是…不如說是…Itwasn'tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.
我所喜歡的,與其說是他的外表,不如說是他的個性。(no)such+(determiner)NP+as表示舉例Thereisnosuchthingasaghost.such作為后位限定詞,放在中限定詞no,a的后面只有當(dāng)such和a/an同時出現(xiàn)的時候,成為前限定詞,sucha/an,另外,不同時出現(xiàn)兩個中限定詞,就是no,和a都是中限定詞,不同時出現(xiàn),no=nota
notsomuch…as…與notso…as…的區(qū)別
從形式上看notsomuch…as…與notso…as…的結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同,但兩者在意義上和用法上都存在著很大的差別,下面對此加以說明:
在意義上,notsomuch…as…結(jié)構(gòu)表示選擇比較,常常譯為“與其說……不如說·……”(1)Heisnotsomuchawriterasareporter.他與其說是位作家,不如說是位記者。(2)Hersuccesswasnotsomuchbychanceasbydiligence.她的成功與其說由于機(jī)遇不如說是由于勤奮。而notso…as…結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定的同等比較.常常譯為“不像……那樣……”。(1)ItisnotsohotinBeijingasinWuhan.北京不象武漢那樣熱。(2)Heisnotsotallasyou.他沒有你那樣高。
在用法上,notsomuch…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中,so不能換作as,much必須緊跟在so后面,且不能省略,much和as后面是兩個相互平行的結(jié)構(gòu),比如名詞、形容詞。例如:Hewasnotsomuchangryasdisappointed.
而notso…as中,so可與as互換,so后可跟形容詞、副詞原級,不跟名詞。
e.g.Todaytheclassroomisnotso___asusual.
A.cleanB.cleanerC.muchcleanerD.cleanest
WeshouldsayJimmyisnot___muchawriterasareporter.
A.thisB.thatC.asD.so
c.“notmore/-er…than”vs.“nomore/-er…than”Youaremorecarefulthanheis.你比他仔細(xì)。Youarenotmorecarefulthanheis.你不如他仔細(xì)。Youarenomorecarefulthanheis.你和他一樣不仔細(xì)。Youarelesscarefulthanheis.你不如他仔細(xì)(你比他粗心)。Youarenotlesscarefulthanheis.你比他仔細(xì)(你不如他粗心)。Youarenolesscarefulthanheis.你和他一樣仔細(xì)。
“wouldsooner(rather)...than”,“wouldassoon...as”“寧愿……也不”Hewouldrather(sooner)resignthantakepartinsuchdishonestbusinessdeals.他寧可辭職也不干這種不正當(dāng)?shù)墓串?dāng)。Iwouldassoondieasdisgracemyself.我寧死不受辱?!皀osooner...than”,“hardly...when”和“scarcely...before”
“一……就”句子的前半部分一般用過去完成時,而后半部則用一般過去時采用倒裝語序NosoonerhadIopenedthecagethanthelittlebirdflewout.=我一開籠小鳥就飛出去了。Scarcely(Hardly)hadIopenedthecagebefore(when)thelittlebirdflewout.prior,superior,inferior,senior和junior表示比較時后面用“to”不用“than”
“priorto”意思是早于,比……重要;“superiorto”意思是優(yōu)于,高于;“inferiorto”意思是次于;“seniorto”意思是年長于,地位高于;“juniorto”意思是年幼于,地位低于,遲于。Thetaskispriortoallothers.這項任務(wù)比其他所有的任務(wù)都重要。InmathshefeltsuperiortoJohn.他覺得自己數(shù)學(xué)比約翰強(qiáng)。Theseapplesareinferiorinflavortothose.這些蘋果的味道不如那些。Heistwoyearsseniortome.他比我大兩歲。表示倍數(shù)他們的房子是我們房子的三倍。Theirhouseisthreetimes
asbigasours.Theirhouseisthreetimes
thesizeofours.Long-Deep-High-Wide-用“數(shù)字+times+thesize/length/depth/height/width+of+比較對象”來表示。用“數(shù)字+times+as…as”來表示。Quiz31.Anewlaptopcostsabout_____ofasecond-handone.
A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimestheprice
C.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprice2.Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes____thesizeofSt.Peter'sinRome.A./B.thatofC.whichisD.of3.Itwas__wehadhoped.AmoreasuccessthanBasuccessmorethanCasmuchofasuccessasDasuccessasmuchas4.DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis_________thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman5.Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,______tothetruck.A.thegreaterstressis B.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestress6.Languagebelongstoeachmemberofthesociety,tothecleaner__totheprofessor.A.a(chǎn)sfarasB.thesameasC.asmuchasD.aslongas7.Johnis_____hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.noso8.WhichofthefollowingadverbscanNOTbeusedtocomplete“_____everybodycame”?
A.NearlyB.QuiteC.PracticallyD.Almost9.Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot__forherwork.A.enoughgoodB.goodenoughC.asgoodenoughD.goodasenough10.Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk__far.A./B.suchC.thatD.as11.WhichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtocomplete“We’veseenthefilm____”?A.beforeB.recentlyC.latelyD.yet12.
UncleCarlisreally_________man.A.anoldsweetB.asweet,oldC.asweetold13.Maryis_____thanAlice.A.moreexperiencedateacherB.amoreexperiencedteacherC.moreanexperiencedteacherD.moreexperiencedteacher14.Theyfulfilledthetaskin_____ittookus.A.three-fourthstimeB.three-fourthtimeC.three-fourthsthetimeD.thethree-fourthstime15.Theywerepushedintobattle_____.A.unpreparedB.unpreparedlyC.notpreparingitD.withoutpreparingit16.Somedieterfindthataftertheirdietingisover,theyeattwice_____theydidbeforetheirdiet.A.morethanB.asmanyasC.muchthanD.asmuchas17.MyScottishfriendsaysthereis_____monsterinLochNess.A.nosuchthingasB.nosuchthingasaC.nosuchathingas D.nosuchathingasa18.Theuniversityauthoritiesareseriouslyconsideringabandoningthetraditional_____class.A.fiftyminutes B.fifty-minutes C.fifty-minute D.fiftyminute's19.Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem_____conspicuous.A.allthemore B.allthemuch C.allmore D.allmuch20.You'dbetterlookatthedifficulty_____.A.theotherB.bytheotherwayC.anotherwayD.byanotherway21.Heprefers_____.A.towritehislettersratherthandictatingthemB.towritehislettersratherthandictatethemC.writinghislettersratherthandictatethemD.writinghislettersratherthanhavedictatedthem22._____thetwo,Bobis_____student.A.Of,morediligentB.In,morediligentC.Of,themorediligent D.In,themorediligent23.Western.Nebraskagenerally'receiveslesssnowthan_____EasternNebraska.A.in B.itreceivesin C.does D.itdoesin24.Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan_____.A.isnecessaryB.beingnecessaryC.tobenecessaryD.itisnecessary25.Thechildrenprefercampinginthemo
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