2023年上海高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法講解(含強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練)

?專題01動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法梳理+高考題型組合練_________________________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)精講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是高考的必考重點(diǎn)。高考?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)有，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)等。高中階段的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主要掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，以及將來(lái)完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。特別注意：要把握各種時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，注意容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)差異，準(zhǔn)確理解具體語(yǔ)境下時(shí)態(tài)的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時(shí)間信息，務(wù)必要克服漢語(yǔ)式的慣性思維，排除誤導(dǎo)，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維習(xí)慣?！疽c(diǎn)梳理】考點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)梳理一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在does/is/are/amis/are/amdoinghavedone過(guò)去didwas/weredoinghaddone將來(lái)willdowillbedoingwillhavedone過(guò)去將來(lái)woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedone此外：高中階段需重點(diǎn)掌握：①將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：atthistimetomorrow，bythen，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。其構(gòu)成為：will/shallbee＋現(xiàn)在分詞Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議了，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)時(shí)間在授課。②現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成對(duì)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)要求學(xué)生掌握的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。其構(gòu)成為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開始的動(dòng)作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：allthismorning，thismonth，thesefewdays，since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句等?！狤xcuseme，whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?——打擾了，你們?cè)诘戎茨牟侩娪澳?？—ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.——新版的《星球大戰(zhàn)》，我們?cè)谶@兒等了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)了。(2)所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學(xué)生們一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的付出最終會(huì)收獲成功的。③將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與“before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或“by+將來(lái)時(shí)間”連用，也可與before或bythetime引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。其構(gòu)成為：will/shall+have＋過(guò)去分詞。Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.到我們回家時(shí)，孩子們將已睡了。Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.你今晚八點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)時(shí)，我將會(huì)寫完文章了BynextyearourteacherwillhavetaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.到明年我們的老師將已教二十年英語(yǔ)了。備注1：其他表示“將來(lái)”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Look，darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon，Ithink.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace，socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.無(wú)論是在家里還是在工作場(chǎng)所，在未來(lái)的幾年里社交機(jī)器人將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越普遍。(2)“beto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。(3)“beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時(shí)一只鳥引起了他的注意。備注2：常使用完成時(shí)的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time＋thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time＋thatsb.haddone這是某人第幾次做某事。(2)It(This)is/wasthe＋最高級(jí)＋名詞＋(that)定語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用完成時(shí)。(3)Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb.haddonesth.自從……以來(lái)多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我們有10年沒(méi)那么高興過(guò)了?？键c(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)梳理一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become＋過(guò)去分詞。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下：形式時(shí)間一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過(guò)去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來(lái)shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合：(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。)Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.據(jù)報(bào)道，一個(gè)空間站將在未來(lái)的幾年內(nèi)在月球上被建成。)Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家鄉(xiāng)，所有的麥子被收割后，總是要給農(nóng)民們準(zhǔn)備一頓收獲的晚餐。Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.因?yàn)樵S多森林被毀，每年大量肥沃的泥土被沖走。易錯(cuò)警示(1)有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有；belongto屬于；takepartin參加。(2)不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見的有：happen/takeplace/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；breakout爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。二、get構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語(yǔ)：getpaid/lost/hurt等Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.在等待機(jī)會(huì)被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責(zé)。Wegetpaidbytheweek.我們按周獲得薪酬。1．“系動(dòng)詞feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.這種羊毛衫摸起來(lái)很軟，賣得很好。2．當(dāng)sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(yǔ)(well/easily等)修飾，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.你買最近銷售很好的那本書了嗎？我認(rèn)為它非常適合我們青少年。三、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子需要修理。2．betorent/blame/let主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Whoistoblameforthemistake?誰(shuí)應(yīng)為此錯(cuò)誤接受譴責(zé)？Thehouseistolet.此房出租。_________________________________________________________________________________________重點(diǎn)小練單句語(yǔ)法填空重點(diǎn)小練1．Nowadays,cyclingalongwithjoggingandswimming，_______(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.2．Whileonlineshopping_________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.3．Christmasisthemostimportantfestivalinthewesternworld.It______(fall)onDecember25.4．Theyhadtowaitand_______(hope)thatsomeonewouldcomeandhelpthem.5．Nowadays,cellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames，musicandcalendarsandmorenewfunctions_________(add)．6．Ifwe_________(book)atableearlier，wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.7．Duetothehardtrainingthey________(do)before，theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.8．JackhasneverbeentoChina，buthetalksaboutitasifhe__________(be)theremanytimes.9．Moreexpressways__________(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.10．Soonerorlaterthosedishonestpeople__________(pay)apricefortheiracts;onthecontrary，whenwearehonest，wearetrulyfree.11.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt________（leave）forLondontoattendameeting.12.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe________（lie),withoutundressing.13.They______________(work)ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem，andnowwe____________(work)onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.14.Thelittlegirl________(cry)herheartoutbecauseshe________(lose)hertoybearandbelievedshewasn'tevergoingtofindit.15.JohnandI________(be)friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.16.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness______.（grow）17.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_______（know）forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.18.Theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______(come)frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.19．Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe______________(follow)．20．Tom_______________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.Keys:1.isregarded2.haschanged3.falls4.hoped5.arebeingadded6.hadbooked7.haddone8.hadbeen9.willbebuilt10.willpay11.willhaveleft12.waslying13.hadbeenworking;areworking14.cried,hadlost15.havebeen,es19.wasbeingfollowed20.hasbeenworking/hasworked語(yǔ)篇填空(用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Welcometoourschool.I'dliketointroduceyoutoplansforourschool.Alotofwork1(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3(build)thisyear.Butwedon'thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent，aplan6(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm，atwhichwonderfulperformances7(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact，ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.參考答案：hasbeendone2.hasbeencompleted3.isbeingbuilt4.arecollecting5.willbespentisbeingmade7.willbeput8.arebeingimproved9.arebeingplanted 10.isgoingtobepaintedTranslation（注意動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)）由于工作時(shí)心不在焉，約翰被老板解雇了。2.在過(guò)去的十年中，這個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。3.當(dāng)他到學(xué)校時(shí)，他意識(shí)到他把作業(yè)忘在家里了。4.應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生將課堂上所學(xué)的知識(shí)用于實(shí)踐中去。5.很多年前，人們不知道人口問(wèn)題將是個(gè)大問(wèn)題。6.等他明年回來(lái)，這個(gè)體育館就建好了。(bythetime)答案：（onlyforreference）1.Johnwasdismissedbyhisbossashedidn’tpaymuchattentiontohiswork.2.Overthepast10years,greatchangeshavehappenedinthisarea.3.Whenhegottoschool,herealizedthathehadlefthishomeworkathome.4.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.5.Many?years?ago?people?never?knew?that?population?would?become?a?big?problem．6.Bythetimehecomesbacknextyear,thestadiumwillhavebeensetup._______________好題必測(cè)歷年上海高考真題及模擬試題優(yōu)選1好題必測(cè)【答案】weredeposited。【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意:"那些已被沉淀在溫暖的沙子里的卵?！庇纱司湟夂徒Y(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因?yàn)橛衋gain提示，可知發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2.Intherecentyears,seaerosionhasledtomanyturtles'nestbeingdamagedordestroyed.Also,somefierceanimalssuchasdogsandbirds(29)_______(reduce)thenumberofnestingturtles.Andofcoursemanhasalsohadanegativeimpactbyusingengine-poweredfishingboatsneartheturtles'nestinggrounds.【2019秋考】【答案】havereduced。【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)句意:"還有，諸如一些兇殘的狗和鳥已經(jīng)減少了龜巢的數(shù)量。根據(jù)前句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hasled和此句中的also可以判定此句也是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的形成的結(jié)果。3.Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe________(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthatareaofthecountry.【2019春考】【答案】wouldshow【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他給自己設(shè)定了一個(gè)目標(biāo)，用五年的時(shí)間，他要讓他自己的作品在全國(guó)頂尖藝術(shù)館里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語(yǔ)，show與he為主謂關(guān)系，故用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由于陳述過(guò)去的計(jì)劃和打算，故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，綜述用wouldshow。4.Thisfive-yeargoalgavehimastartingpointfromwhichtoworkbackwards......Bysettingthisgoal,allofJason'sefforts________(point)inthesamedirection.Heshowedupatdifferentartshowopenings,....【2019春考】【答案】pointed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：通過(guò)設(shè)定目標(biāo)，他的所有努力能向著同一個(gè)方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語(yǔ)，point與主語(yǔ)efforts為主謂關(guān)系，故用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，陳述過(guò)去事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)pointed。5.S&Aisstartingtodopolicework.Earlierthissummer,90employees(23)__________(hire)toguarditsdoorsandcheckreceipts.【2018秋考】【答案】washired【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：今年夏天早些時(shí)候，90名員工被雇傭守衛(wèi)其大門并檢查收據(jù)。hire與主語(yǔ)employees為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，陳述過(guò)去事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填washired。6.Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex一theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation."Wedon'tknowifit______(cause)bythescreentime.【2018秋考】【答案】isbeingcaused【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：我們不知道這是否是看屏幕時(shí)間造成的。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空前的it指代prematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex，和cause之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表目前一直在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填isbeingcaused。7.Thereasonwhymanypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson_______(say).【2021楊浦二?！俊敬鸢浮?isgoingto/willsay【解析】.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意同上。根據(jù)前文“theyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson”，可知此處指他們已經(jīng)知道對(duì)方將要說(shuō)什么。結(jié)合句意，此處用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。所以用isgoingto/willsay。8.Sofar,theresearchers_________(demonstrate)stemcelltherapyinpreclinicallabtests.Tsujisaidtheywerelookingforoutsidecollaboratorstohelpdevelopclinicalapplicationsforthenewhairgrowthtechnology.【2021青浦二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avedemonstrated【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，研究人員已經(jīng)在臨床前實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試中證明了干細(xì)胞療法。結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Sofar可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)theresearchers是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用have，故填havedemonstrated。9.Attheverycafescustomerscanaskwhetherthereareanysuspendedcoffeesavailable,andifso,they__________(supply)withabeverage,thankstothekindnessofastranger.【2021普陀二模】【答案】aresupplied/willbesupplied【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：正是在這些咖啡館里，顧客可以問(wèn)是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他們會(huì)被提供一杯飲料，這要感謝一個(gè)陌生人的好意?？涨暗闹髡Z(yǔ)they指代customers，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞supply之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此處可使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞，故填aresupplied或willbesupplied。10.Apparently,themostdepressingdayoftheyearisthethirdMondayinJanuary,whenit’scoldanddarkoutside.Thisday______(nickname)‘BlueMonday’bypsychologistCliffArnallin2004.【2021浦東二?！俊敬鸢浮縲asnicknamed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：2004年，心理學(xué)家CliffArnall將這一天戲稱為“憂郁星期一”。根據(jù)后文in2004可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為Thisday，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填wasnicknamed。11.Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidenceaboutarulerwhoselife______23______(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumors(謠言)concerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.【2021靜安二模】【答案】hasbeenshadowed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)在歷史學(xué)家中引起了極大的興奮，因?yàn)樗峁┝艘粋€(gè)確鑿的證據(jù)，證明一個(gè)統(tǒng)治者的生活一直被關(guān)于他自1485年在博斯沃思戰(zhàn)役中死亡以來(lái)冷血無(wú)情的謠言所掩蓋，盡管有官方記錄。分析可知，所填動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是定語(yǔ)從句“whoselife______3____(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumoursconcerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.”中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“sincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485”可知，應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞“shadow(在……上投下或覆蓋陰影)”與主語(yǔ)“whoselife”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasbeendone，且主語(yǔ)“whoselife”為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填hasbeenshadowed。12.Foryoungpeople,itwasthefirsttimethatthey_____(experience)somethingbig,aworrythattheysharedwiththeirfamilies,friendsandneighbors,andasufferingbeingenduredatthismomentandtobeendurednextfewweeks.【2021虹口二?！俊敬鸢浮縣adexperienced【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是他們第一次經(jīng)歷一件大事，一件他們要與家人、朋友和鄰居分享的憂慮，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下來(lái)的幾周內(nèi)將要忍受的痛苦?！癷twasthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句”句式中，that從句應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadexperienced。13.TheareainwhichTownofAsk________(locate)isknowntohavealotofquickclay,whichcanchangefromsolidtoliquidfrom.Previouslandslideshavebeenreportedintheregion.【2021奉賢二?！俊敬鸢浮縤slocated【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：眾所周知，阿斯所在的地區(qū)有很多快速粘土，可以從固體變成液體。belocatedin坐落于。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)文章時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填islocated。14.“Personally,Idon’tthinkpop-upsareapassingtrend.Fromwhatwe_______(learn)fromourcustomerssofar,theyarealwayslookingforuniqueproductsandexperiences,exactlysomethingthatpop-upshopscanoffer.【2021金山二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avelearned【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，我們從顧客那里了解到，他們總是在尋找獨(dú)特的產(chǎn)品和體驗(yàn)，這正是快閃店可以提供的東西。根據(jù)sofar可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填havelearned。15.Itwasapartoftown,Irealized,thatI(warn)about,butnothinghappenedtome,andassoonaswewerenearthebrightlightsofthemainroad,my“guide”just(disappear).【2021長(zhǎng)寧二?！俊敬鸢浮縣adbeenwarned【解析】考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。首先根據(jù)"I"與“warn”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再根據(jù)“warn”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在"realize"之前，"realize"用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)，所以"warn"應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)填“hadbeenwarned”?！敬鸢浮縟isappeared【解析】考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！癵uide”與"disappear"之前是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是“我的'向?qū)?消失”。結(jié)合前句判斷出時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。應(yīng)填“disappeared”。16.AnorganizationcalledCampusCosmicRayObservationCollaboration_______(establish)inSeptember2020topromotetheidea.Zhang,headoftheorganization,saidtheyplantobuildmorestationsonschoolcampusesacrossChina.【2021徐匯二模】【答案】wasestablished【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inSeptember2020表明時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，及物動(dòng)詞缺少賓語(yǔ)，選用wasestablished的被動(dòng)形式；17.People______(influence)tobecometechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat“addicted”wasthewordmostcommonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.【2021閔行二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avebeeninfluenced【解析】考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。這里括號(hào)給到的動(dòng)詞是在句子里作為謂語(yǔ)，再結(jié)合句意判斷為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，“人們已經(jīng)被影響的變得對(duì)設(shè)備上癮”，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，用完成時(shí)態(tài)。綜上，完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。18.Oneofhumanity’sgreatestachievementshasbeenmasteringroutesacrosstheworld’soceans.Communitiesseparatedbythousandsofmilesintocontactandreligiousideashavespreadacrossthewaters,whileartisticcreativityhasbeenmotivatedbytheexperienceofseeingtheproductsofdifferentcivilizations.【2021黃埔二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avebeenbrought【解析】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：句子成分分析此處應(yīng)該填寫謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后半句中的havespread判斷填寫現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)合bring為及物動(dòng)詞后缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此填寫havebeenbrought。高考題型組合練語(yǔ)法填空高考題型組合練Directions:Fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.ForeignAccentSyndrome(綜合癥)31-year-oldEmily’slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She(21)________(complain)aboutheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedayhercolleaguesthennoticedthatherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothindicatorsofastroke.(22)_________________shewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely.Afterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,instead(23)________(blame)hervoicelossonsomesortofbraininjury.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,Emilywasstillunabletospeakandreliedsolelyonbasicsignlanguageshehadpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphone(24)________(communicate).Encouragedbyherdoctor,EmilywentonavacationinThailand.Afewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.How(25)_______(shock)itwaswhenEmilyoriginallynoticedherEasternEuropeanaccents,butevenmoresowhenshenoticedthatsometimesheraccentwouldchangeoutoftheblue,toPolish,ItalianandevenFrench.Althoughshedoesn’tknowthereason(26)________mayhelpexplainhercondition,shehasnoticedthatithassomethingtodowithhowtiredsheis.InMarchof2020,shewasofficiallydiagnosedwith(27)_______wascommonlycalledForeignAccentSyndrome.“IwassoexcitedwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevenrecognizethevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth,itdoesn’tsound(28)________me,”Emilytoldthereporters.Nowhervoiceisback,butunfortunatelyshehastodealwithdiscrimination(歧視)frompeoplewhothinksheisanimmigrant,andhastakentimeoffworkbecausestress(29)_________onlymakeherconditionworse.Emily’scasesoundsshockinglysimilarto(30)_______ofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideoftheUnitedStates,butwokeuptospeakinginmultipleaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.ShetoowasdiagnosedwithForeignAccentSyndrome.【答案】21.hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.Bythetime23.blaming24.tocommunicate25.shocking26.which/that27.what 28.like29.can 30.that【解析】21.考查動(dòng)詞。此句含有before的時(shí)間狀從，故考慮主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去。故填hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.考查連詞。從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生有先后，可聯(lián)想到Bythetime，此空較難，該三空連詞較少出現(xiàn)23.考查動(dòng)詞。此處非謂語(yǔ)表伴隨，instead為副詞，對(duì)句子無(wú)影響，故填blaming24.考查動(dòng)詞。主句已有謂動(dòng)，故考慮非謂語(yǔ)。因?yàn)榇颂幈砟康?，故填tocommunicate25.考查動(dòng)詞。此處為非謂語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，故填shocking26.考查連詞。此處為定從修飾先行詞reason，故填which/that均可27.考查連詞。此處為介詞賓語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，故填what28.考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知“…聲音聽起來(lái)不像我”故填like29.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由stress作主語(yǔ)但謂語(yǔ)make為原形可知此處填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。再根據(jù)句意壓力會(huì)使她的情況更加惡化。故填can30.考查代詞。指代前面的case，故填that詞匯填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scaleB.uniqueC.costD.distanceE.demonstrateF.intrudeG.diagnosesH.alarmingI.threatenJ.falseK.crucialThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandis___11___totheformationofcomplexsocieties.Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughaninvoluntaryyawnora(n)___12___smile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglivesreadingfaces.Technologyisrapidlycatchingup.InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance.In2017,Welshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.Althoughfacesare___13___toindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,___14___onsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyzeimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavast___15___promisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.Startwithprivacy.Onebigdifferencebetweenfacesandotherbiologicaldata,suchasfingerprints,isthattheyworkata(n)___16___.Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.PhotographsofhalfofAmerica’sadultpopulationarestoredindatabasesthatcanbeusedbytheFBItotrackcriminals,butatenormouspotential___17___tocitizens’privacy.Thefaceisnotjustaname-tag.Itdisplaysalotofotherinformation—andmachinescanreadthat,too.Again,thatpromisesbenefits.Somefirmsareanalyzingfacestoprovideautomated___18___ofraregeneticdisordersfarearlierthanwouldotherwisebepossible.Butthetechnologyalsothreatens.ResearchersatStanfordUniversity___19___that,whenshownpicturesofonegayman,andonestraightman,thesystemcouldidentifytheirsexualitycorrectly81%ofthetime.Humansmanagedonly61%.Incountrieswherehomosexualityisacrime,softwarewhichpromisestoinfersexualityfromafaceisa(n)____20____prospect.【答案】11.K12.J13.B14.F15.A16.D17.C18.G19.E20.H【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)在社會(huì)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用情況?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：驚人的面部特征多樣性幫助人們互相識(shí)別，并且對(duì)復(fù)雜社會(huì)的形成至關(guān)重要。根據(jù)上文is可知空處作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“至關(guān)重要”可知應(yīng)填形容詞crucial。故填crucial。故選K?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：面部傳遞情感信號(hào)的能力也同樣如此，無(wú)論是通過(guò)無(wú)意識(shí)的打哈欠還是虛假的微笑。修飾后文名詞smile，結(jié)合句意表示“虛假的”應(yīng)用形容詞false。故填false。故選J。【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然臉是個(gè)人獨(dú)有的，但它們也是公開的，所以乍一看，技術(shù)不會(huì)侵犯隱私。根據(jù)上文are可知空處作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“獨(dú)有的”應(yīng)用形容詞unique。故填unique。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然臉是個(gè)人獨(dú)有的，但它們也是公開的，所以乍一看，技術(shù)不會(huì)侵犯隱私。空處作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“侵犯”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞intrude，此處為否定陳述句，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。故填intrude。故選F?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：然而，廉價(jià)、快速和大規(guī)模地記錄、存儲(chǔ)和分析人臉圖像的能力，承諾有一天會(huì)給隱私、公平和信任的概念帶來(lái)根本性的變化。結(jié)合句意表示“大規(guī)模地”可知短語(yǔ)為onavastscale。故填scale。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：人臉和指紋等其他生物數(shù)據(jù)的一大區(qū)別在于，它們的工作距離較遠(yuǎn)。結(jié)合句意表示“有相當(dāng)距離，在遠(yuǎn)處”可知短語(yǔ)為atadistance。故填distance。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國(guó)一半成年人的照片被存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局可以利用這些數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)追蹤罪犯，但這可能會(huì)給公民的隱私帶來(lái)巨大的潛在損失。空處作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“損失”應(yīng)用不可數(shù)名詞cost。故填cost。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一些公司正在通過(guò)分析人臉來(lái)為罕見的遺傳疾病提供自動(dòng)診斷，這比其他方法可能提供的時(shí)間要早得多。空處作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“診斷”應(yīng)用名詞diagnosis，diagnosis為可數(shù)名詞，此處前文沒(méi)有冠詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故選G?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：斯坦福大學(xué)的研究人員證明，當(dāng)展示一個(gè)男同性戀和一個(gè)異性戀男子的照片時(shí)，系統(tǒng)可以正確識(shí)別他們的性取向，準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)81%?？仗幾髦^語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“證明”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞demonstrate，陳述客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。故填demonstrate。故選E。【20題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在同性戀是一種犯罪行為的國(guó)家，能從人臉推斷出性取向的軟件前景令人擔(dān)憂。修飾后文名詞prospect，結(jié)合句意表示“令人擔(dān)憂的”應(yīng)用形容詞alarming，作定語(yǔ)。故填alarming。故選H。ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanberecycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproductdesigndegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity’sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint’sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Minthascommittedaround￡500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.ThefirstMyhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisasterreliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambeforethefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywillofferreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior(外部的)advertisingspace.Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonburyhavingsome150,000eachyear.Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecomingincreasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.76.“Eco-friendlytents”inparagraph1refertotents_______.A.economicallydesirable B.favorabletotheenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformances D.designedfordisasterrelief77.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness______.A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMintB.withtheapprovaloftheCity’sadministrationC.inpartnershipwithafinancegroupD.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect78.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_______.A.theweatherintheUKischangeableinsummerB.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenairC.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailoredD.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers.79.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletentsB.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboardsC.anunusualsuccessofagraduationprojectD.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals76.答案：B解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.”可知這種紙板做的帳篷可以回收，所以是有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)的。77.答案：C解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Minthascommittedaround500000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.”可知Mr.Dunlop和Mint是合作方式，Mint提供500000，分獲30%的收益。78.答案：C解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theycanbepersonalized”可知用戶可以對(duì)帳篷進(jìn)行定制。79.答案：A解析：這是一道主旨題。本文主要介紹了Mr.Dunlop發(fā)明了一種用紙板制作的可回收的帳篷，以解決節(jié)日后大量帳篷被丟棄污染環(huán)境的問(wèn)題。TheNewYearisslowlynearing,andmanypeoplearelookingbackto2020andmoreimportantly,forwardtothecomingyear2021.PeoplemayusetheNewYearasatimetoturnoveranewleaf.AreyouplanningtomakeaNewYearResolution?HereareafewtipsforpreparingtobesuccessfulwithallyourNewYearResolutions.1.ASingleChangeIsEnoughYoucan’tsticktotwotothreeresolutionsatatime.Youwouldeventuallybreakoneofthemforsure.___47___.Don’tgetoverwhelmedandthinkthatyouhavetoreassesseverythinginyourlife.But,don’tbreakthatoneresolutionyoumake,becausethatisimportant.2.WriteDownYourResolutionsOnceyouhavedecidedonyourachievableresolutions,writethemdown.Ithelpstowritedownyourresolutionsoyoucanreferbacktoitoftenduringtheyear.___48___.Also,bywritingitdown,youwillbeabletoreviewitoftenandevaluateyourprogresssincethetimetheresolutionwasmade.4.AskForSupportTellafriendoryourlovedoneswhomyoutrustaboutyourresolution.Theywillprovideyouwithsupportandkeepyoufocusedonyourgoal.Andifyouarewaveringatall,theirsupportwillensureyoudon’tgiveupeasily.Besides,itisadvisabletojoinanonlinesupportgroupforspecificresolutionssuchaslosingweight,givingupchocolate,ortrainingforthenex