培根筑基15-課下全面練必修第三冊UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION

培根筑基15-課下全面練必修第三冊UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION1.閱讀理解A[2022?貴陽四校高三聯(lián)考二[NASAastronautBruceMcCandlessIIhasdied.Youmaynotknowhisname,butyou*veprobablyseenhiminoneofthemostfamouspicturesevertakeninspace.In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayfromtheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被繩索捆束的），withtheEarthasabackground.Itwasthefirsttimethatanastronauthadeverfloatedfreelyinspace,andMcCandlesshelpeddevelopthetechnology.BruceMcCandlesshadbeenanastronautforalongtimebeforehefirstflewinspaceaboardtheshuttle.HewasoneoftheoneswhocommunicatedwiththecrewofApollo11.Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesignwhatbecametobeknownastheMannedManeuveringUnit-abackpackpropulsiondevicethatgaveastronautsmobilityforextravehicular（艙夕卜的）activitiesoutsidetheshuttle.McCandlessfirstwenttospacein1984aboardtheshuttleChallengerandtookthesejet-poweredbackpacksalong.Duringthemission,McCandlessclimbedintothe300-poundcontraption（奇特的裝置）andslowlyeasedoutoftheshuttle'scargobayascontrollerslookedon.ItwasfrighteningseeingMcCandlessoutinspacebyhimself.RelativetotheEarth,hewasflyingatalmost18,000milesperhour.Butrelativetotheshuttle,hewasmovingatonefootpersecond.Hesaidhewasn*tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything.Bytheendofthatspacewalk,hehadmovedlittlemorethan300feetawayfromtheshuttlewhenthefamouspicturewastaken.McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture.Hehopeditwouldinspirethenextgenerationofexplorers.BruceMcCandlessshowedtheway.Hefinishedsecondinhisclassof899attheU.S.NavalAcademyandusedhisengineeringskillstomakespaceflightsafer.Heoncesaidthefirstuntetheredspacewalkwasamixofpersonalexcitementandprofessionalpride.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcCandless?Hewasthefirstmantoflyoutofthespacecraft.B?Hisspacewalkwasnotattachedtotheshuttle.Hisnamewasfamiliartothepublic.Hewasfondoftakingphotos.WhatdidMcCandlessdobeforehisspacetravel?HeinventedtheshuttleChallenger.Hehelpeddesignjet-poweredbackpacks.HeworkedasacrewmemberofApollo11.HetrainedastronautsattheU.S.NavalAcademy.HowdidMcCandlessfeelduringhisspacewalk?A.Calm.B.Stressed.C.Fortunate.D.Exhausted.What'sMcCandlessmostproudof?Beingknownbychildren.Beingchosenasanastronaut.Havingagoodperformanceinschool.Makingacontributiontospacetechnologies.B[2022?唐山市二模]A293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover（探測器）toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial（微生物的）lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanetsgravitational（弓I力的）pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere-just1percentthatofEarth's-doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy*s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees-anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe"sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy*sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission."Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,“saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision."Whilewelllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples（樣本）carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?Thespeedreduction.B-Theatmosphereanalysis.Thelocationsearch.Thetimemanagement.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B?Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A?Thespot.B.Thearea.C.Thesystem.D.Thesurface.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.n.七選五[2022??？谑姓{研考試]HowtostopLifeGettingYouDownThere'sasaying一"Ifyouandeveryoneelsethrewyourproblemsontothepile,you'dtakeyoursbackimmediatelyonceyousaweveryoneelse's."1Othersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.Sowhenthingsstarttogetyoudown,howcanyoupickyourselfbackup?2Ifyou'restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon*thavetobealone.Youdon*tneedtobeonyourown,either.3Ifyoudon*tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,youllfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideasoratleastlistentoyou.Youllalsofindthatonlineforums（論壇）andsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp.Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesdon!tjustfilltime;theyalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurpose.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinachessclub.Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction.—4Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.Thosethathavebouncedbackfromaseriousillnessoftenstatethatthey'vebeengivenanewchanceoflifeandthattheywakeupeachmorningfeelinggratefulforjustbeingabletowakeup.5Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyappreciateyourmealorliebackonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax.Ifyoucan'tfocusonthesilence,youcaninsteadchoosebackgroundnoise.A?Reachout.B?Turntoyourfriendsorfamily.Badexperiencesarepartoflifeforusall.Friendswillbehappytohelpandmakeyoujoyful.E.Enjoythebeautyofaflowerorasimplesunnyday.Talkingandmakingnewfriendswillraiseyourspirits.Anewattitudetoordinarylifecanmakeyoufeelmorepositive.in.語法填空[2022?鄭州市第二次質量檢測]Aftertraveling1.spaceforsevenmonths,China*sTianwen-1probe(探測器)hasreachedMarsand2.(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10,2021,accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13.theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”,4.(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5.(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry'sfirst6.(independence)Marsmission(任務)，waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7.(large)launchvehicleinChina,fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Themission8.(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9.willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting,landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthesouthernpartofMars*UtopiaPlanitia10.(conduct)scientificsurveys.詳解答案I.閱讀理解A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——人物故事一一美國宇航員布魯斯?麥克坎德雷斯二世【語篇解讀】本文主要講了美國宇航員布魯斯?麥克坎德雷斯二世使用MMU噴氣式背包進行人類歷史上第一次沒有系繩子的太空行走任務的相關故事。.答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayformtheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被繩索捆束的），withtheEarthasabackgroundn可知，McCandless的太空行走是在沒有系繩子的情況下進行的。故B項正確。.答案與解析:B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesign...abackpackpropulsiondevice”可知，McCandless在進行太空旅行前幫忙設計了噴氣式背包。故B項正確。.答案與解析：A考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hesaidhewasn'tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything”可以推斷出，McCandless在太空行走期間，心情十分平靜。故A項正確。.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第五段中的“McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture”可知，McCandless最引以為豪的事情是被孩子們認識。故A項正確。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會一一科學與技術一一“毅力號”探測器成功登陸火星【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了“毅力號”探測器的主要任務，以及其登陸火星過程中的情況。.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段可知，火星引力會使得接近火星的航天器更快速行進，并且火星稀薄的大氣層對減緩航天器的速度幾乎沒有幫助，故減速是“毅力號”探測器登陸火星的特別挑戰(zhàn)。.答案與解析：C考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，該段尾句"Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe'sevenminutesofterror'”為本段總結句，再結合該段上文可知，該段主要介紹了“七分鐘內(nèi)生存下來的因素”：降低速度，精確的切入角度。故C項正確。.答案與解析：B考查理解詞匯的能力。分析第四段尾句句子結構可知，it的指代對象為map-readingsystem或thearea。再結合句意”其復雜的地圖讀取系統(tǒng)快速掃描該地區(qū)，并將其與數(shù)據(jù)庫中的地圖進行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代該句中的“thearea”。故B項正確。.答案與解析：C考查推理的能力。根據(jù)尾段可知，確認火星曾經(jīng)存在過微生物需要大量的證據(jù)而攜帶這些證據(jù)的樣本又需要裝備齊全的實驗室以及將精密儀器送回地球才能進行分析。據(jù)此可推知，人類要證明火星上曾有生命還有很長的路要走。故C項正確。H.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自我——積極的生活態(tài)度——如何防止生活讓你沮喪【語篇解讀】人生不可能一帆風順。當生活開始讓你感到沮喪時，怎么才能找回自己的積極狀態(tài)呢？本篇提供一些防止生活讓你沮喪的建議。.答案與解析：C考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后的“0thersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.”可推知，此處是說每個人都會遇到問題，處理難題的方式或許跟你一樣。故C項“糟糕的經(jīng)歷是我們所有人生活的一部分”符合語境。.答案與解析：A考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)本段中的“alwaysrememberthatyoudon'thavetobealone"及"you'llfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideas”可知，本段是說如果有問題不要一個人扛著，要向別人求助。故A項符合語境。.答案與解析：B考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前“Youdon】needtobeonyourown,either”以及空后“Ifyoudon'tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,you'llfindsupportgroups”可知，此處是說遇到問題不要一個人扛著，要向朋友或者家人求助。故B項符合語境。.答案與解析：F考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句"Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction”可知，此空可能會說明這樣做的好處。故F項”交談和結交新朋友會振奮你的精神”符