中考英語語法專項復習：被動語態(tài)-中考指導-初中英語【外研版】八年級下冊教案說課稿試題真題

中考英語語法專項復習：被動語態(tài)英語動詞有主動和被動兩種語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，又叫施動者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，又叫受動者。區(qū)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，主要看主語是執(zhí)行者還是承受者。如：Theflowersandgrassshouldbewatered.(語態(tài))Weshouldwatertheflowersandgrass.(_語態(tài))?一構成.被動語態(tài)是由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構成的，助動詞be有時態(tài)、人稱和數的變化。Tombrokethecup.(主動語態(tài))—ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.(被動語態(tài)).被動語態(tài)有以下8種：一般現在時：be(am/isare)+過去分詞Treesareplantedinspring.一般過去時：be(was/were)+過去分詞Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.現在進行時：be(am/isare)+being+過去分詞Thecarisbeingrepaired.過去進行時：be(was/were)+being+過去分詞現在完成時：have/has+been+過去分詞Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.過去完成時：had+been+過去分詞一般將來時：willbe+過去分詞LeiFengwillberememberedbyusforever.含情態(tài)動詞的：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞Myhomeworkcanbefinishedintwohours..被動語態(tài)常用于以下場合：①不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時。如：Mybikewasstolenyesterday.我的自行車昨天被偷了。②強調動作的執(zhí)行者時，使用“by+動作的執(zhí)行者如：Thepenwasusedbymyfather.這支鋼筆是我父親用過的。X只有及物動詞才有被動形式，不及物動詞如rise/come/go/take/place/happen等，沒有被動形式。?二主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟通常遵循以下三個步驟：.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。.把主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞變?yōu)榕c其時態(tài)相對應的被動形式，且與被動語態(tài)的主語保持人稱和數的一致。.將主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，置于句末?！癰y+賓語”在句中常省略。主動語態(tài)：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.這里還需要連線！被動語態(tài)：English.isspokenbymanypeople.如：LuXunwrotethisbook.fThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.這本書是魯迅寫的。Peoplearecuttingdownmanytreesnow.—Manytreesarebeingcutdownnow.現在許多樹正被砍伐。?三主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉換.雙賓語的被動形式雙賓語的句子在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，有兩種變法：①如果把指人的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，那么指物的直接賓語保留不動。如：Histeachergavehimabook.-*Hewasgivenabookbyhisteacher.Hehasboughtmeapresent.-*1havebeenboughtapresent.②如果要將指物的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，那么動詞后要用介詞t。/for,這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定的。如：Histeachergavehimabook.—Abookwasgiventohimbyhisteacher.Hehasboughtmeapresent.-**Apresenthasbeenboughtforme.派常見的能接雙賓語的動詞有give/show/bring/lend/send等，這些詞與介詞to搭配；buy/make/draw,這些詞與介詞for搭配。.動詞短語的被動語態(tài)許多不及物動詞加上介詞或副詞后構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞，是一個不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不能把短語動詞分開，也不能漏掉短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。如：Weshouldspeakeooldmenpolitely.->Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.Healwaystakescareofhissister.->Hissisterisalwaystakencareof(byhim).(3)Sheturnedofftheradio.一Theradiowaslurriedoff(byher)..省略的to動詞不定式用于被動語態(tài)在主動語態(tài)中，一些表示感官或使役的動詞，如hear/watch/see/feel/notice/listento/lookat/let/make/have和help等后面的賓語補足語是不帶to的動詞不定式，但句子在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后要加to。如：Hemadethegirlstayathome.-*Thegirlwasmadetostayathome.Weoftenhearhersingintheroom.fSheisoftenheardtosingintheroom.Thebossmadethemworkfor16hoursaday.->Theyweremadetoworkfor16hoursaday(bytheboss)..主動形式表被動意義①動詞need,want以及短語be(well)worth等后面常接動名詞，以主動形式表示被動意義。如：Theroomneedscleaning.這房子需要打掃。Thepieceofmusicisworthlisteningto.這首曲子值得聽。②某些表示主語質地、自身特征的動詞，如write/wash/sell/clean/cook等，常和副詞well或easily連用，用主動形式表示被動意義。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這種布容易洗。Thepenwriteswell.這支筆很好用。練習一、用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空ManyTVsets(make)everyyearinthisfactory.Alltheexercisesmust(finish)beforeclassisover.ThePRC(found)onOctober1,1949.二、單項選擇Englishbymanycountries,butChinesepeopleChinese.A.isspoken;speakB.isspoken;arespeakC.speaks;speakTheyanewschoolinthevillagenow.ItbeforeSeptemberthisyear.A.arebuilding;willbebuiltB.arebuilding;willbuildC.arcbuilding;willbuiltIfthesmalltrees,theywillgrowupquickly.A.aretakengoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareC.takegoodcareof-Wheredidyougolastnight?-ItoTom'sbirthdayparty.A.aminvitedB.wasinvitedC.invitedTheseshirtswell,becausetheynice.A.aresold;arelookedB.sell;lookC.sell;arelookedTheflowerseveryday,ortheylldie.A.shouldbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwaterDon'tworry,Yourson.A.mustbefindB.mustbefoundC.mustbefound-Yourdresslooksbeautiful.-Thankyou.Itbymymotherlastyear.A.madeB.ismadeC.wasmadeThewindowlastnight,soit.A.isiftclosed;wasbrokenB.didn'tclose;wasbrokenC.wasn'tclosed;wasbrokenMostsciencebooksinEnglish.A.arewrittenB.iswrittenC.wroteBobbyhisboss.A.wasmadetoworkB.wasmadeworkC.madetowork12.ThelittleboyJack.A.iscalledB.calledC.iscallingWaterintoice.A.canbeenchangedB.canbechangedC.canchange14.Whatlastnight?A.washappeningB.happenedC.washappened15.ThePartyin1921.A.isfoundB.wasfoundedC.wasfound答案：AAABBBCCCAAABBB三、按要求改寫句子，每空一詞。Shemadehersondohishomeworkaftersupper.（改為被動語態(tài)）Hersonhishomeworkaftersupper.Isthisgameoftenplayedbythemintheafternoon?（改為主動語態(tài)）oftenthisgameintheafternoon?Youcananswermyquestionafter