2021屆高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（練習(xí)）：專題1第1講語(yǔ)法填空Word版含答案

.下載后可自行編輯修改，頁(yè)腳下載后可刪除。第一講語(yǔ)法填空[全國(guó)卷3年考情分析]注：2021、2021年全國(guó)高考共3套試題，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分類，有的按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分類，其對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系為Ⅰ卷—乙卷、Ⅱ卷—甲卷、Ⅲ卷—丙卷，本書(shū)按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分類，以下各題型同。[命題者說(shuō)]語(yǔ)法填空是高考英語(yǔ)試題的一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新，它將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的考察融于一篇英語(yǔ)短文中，通過(guò)設(shè)置純空格題和給詞填空兩種形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，突出考察學(xué)生通過(guò)語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力，更客觀、準(zhǔn)確地考量學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)水平。此題雖然只有15分，占英語(yǔ)全卷分?jǐn)?shù)的十分之一，但也是英語(yǔ)考卷的重要組成局部，不可小覷。要想此題有好的發(fā)揮，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法，注重運(yùn)用必不可少，這是根底；了解考點(diǎn)，掌握解題技巧才是確保得分的關(guān)鍵。近3年全國(guó)卷八套試題的語(yǔ)法填空局部充分表達(dá)了“實(shí)詞考察為主，虛詞考察為輔〞的命題原那么。命題形式分為有提示詞和無(wú)提示詞兩種。1．有提示詞有提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空考察了動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；形容詞的比擬等級(jí)；名詞的數(shù)；代詞的格以及詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。(1)動(dòng)詞的考察是語(yǔ)法填空的重點(diǎn)，包括謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。近3年的八套試題對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考察比擬穩(wěn)定，根本是每套3－5題，涉及的范圍比擬廣，幾乎涵蓋了除虛擬語(yǔ)氣之外所有動(dòng)詞的用法。預(yù)計(jì)將來(lái)對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考察將一如既往地穩(wěn)定，虛擬語(yǔ)氣也應(yīng)引起大家的注意。(2)名詞、代詞的考察每年都會(huì)涉及。名詞主要考察單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，代詞主要考察人稱代詞主格、賓格和形容詞性物主代詞的變化。在此提醒大家關(guān)注一下反身代詞的考察。(3)形容詞、副詞的比擬等級(jí)偶有考察，近3年的八套試題中出現(xiàn)了兩次，都是考察的比擬級(jí)。但最高級(jí)也應(yīng)成為大家關(guān)注的對(duì)象。(4)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的考察相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，平均每套題兩個(gè)左右，形容詞變副詞是考察的重點(diǎn)，另外，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~，名詞與形容詞的互變等都應(yīng)在備考中多注意。2．無(wú)提示詞無(wú)提示詞的語(yǔ)法填空考察了冠詞、介詞、代詞、并列連詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞、助動(dòng)詞以及語(yǔ)境填詞。(1)冠詞、介詞主要考察根本用法及固定搭配；并列連詞主要看前后的邏輯關(guān)系；助動(dòng)詞主要是疑問(wèn)句或否認(rèn)句；語(yǔ)境填詞包括按固定搭配或邏輯關(guān)系選擇適宜的詞。(2)從句引導(dǎo)詞指的是三大從句的引導(dǎo)詞，包括定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；名詞性從句的連接詞、連接代詞和連接副詞；狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。但是考察的比擬簡(jiǎn)單，只要搞清從句的根本用法大體都能做對(duì)。(3)另外，therebe構(gòu)造與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型也應(yīng)在備考中多關(guān)注。(2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)61.____________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsid______(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63.____________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64.____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As65.____________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethi(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67.____________(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68.____________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.____________(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.____________isnotgoodforthehealth.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了對(duì)于食物中的脂肪和鹽分，人們的態(tài)度不一。脂肪和鹽分對(duì)于安康來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的，但如果人們攝入過(guò)多的脂肪和鹽分，自身的安康將會(huì)受到損害。61．a(chǎn)s解析：考察介詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，此處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“作為一種抵御心臟病的方式〞，所以填as，意為“作為〞。62．effects解析：考察名詞復(fù)數(shù)。這種趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生了一些意想不到的副作用。根據(jù)空前的“some〞及空后的“suchasoverweightandheartdisease〞可知，此處指不止一種副作用，故用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。63．toprocess解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。berequiredtodosth.為固定用法。64．a(chǎn)reremoved解析：考察時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。本文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處亦應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；又因fatandsalt是動(dòng)詞remove的承受者，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以此處填areremoved。65．a(chǎn)解析：考察冠詞。asaresult為固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果〞。66．worse解析：考察比擬級(jí)。短語(yǔ)evenworse意為“更糟糕的是〞，表示意義的遞進(jìn)。故用worse。67．is解析：考察時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處是對(duì)客觀情況的描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；分析句子構(gòu)造可知，該句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因主語(yǔ)為Fastfood，故填is。68．eating解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填eat的動(dòng)名詞形式eating。69．careful解析：考察形容詞。句意：然而，注意不要走極端。此處為形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填careful“留神的〞構(gòu)成系表構(gòu)造。70．which解析：考察非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，空處指代前句的內(nèi)容，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞which。(2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61.____________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.____________work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.____________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines65.____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66.____________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25，000peoplewereusing67.____________everyday.Later,engineers68.____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69.____________(introduce)of__(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了全世界第一個(gè)地下客運(yùn)鐵路在英國(guó)開(kāi)放及其逐漸開(kāi)展成現(xiàn)在的地鐵的過(guò)程。61．crowds解析：考察名詞復(fù)數(shù)。因?yàn)閏rowd為可數(shù)名詞，并且其前沒(méi)有限定詞，所以此處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。62．from解析：考察介詞。此處toandfromwork是指“當(dāng)他們來(lái)回上下班時(shí)〞。63．laying解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，該句的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)his，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞included后由and連接了三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。故填laying。64．the解析：考察定冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的頂，所以在top前加the。65．wereused解析：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。因?yàn)槭墙榻B1863年的事情，而且Steamengines與use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wereused。66．fairly解析：考察副詞。此處fair是形容詞，unpleasant也是形容詞，所以要將fair變?yōu)楦痹~來(lái)修飾形容詞unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。67．it解析：考察代詞。根據(jù)上文的“therailwayquickly〞可知，此處用it代替therailway。68．managed解析：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)閑ngineers與manage之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，所以填managed。69．introduction解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應(yīng)接名詞，故填introduction。70．successful解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合空前的themost可知，空處表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義。故填successful。(2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends，16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term41.____________(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6，500adayas42.____________modelinNewYork.Sarah43.____________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,44.____________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants45.____________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher46.____________(educate)．Shehasturneddownseveral47.____________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree48.____________engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school49.____________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis50.____________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.〞[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇記敘文，講述了16歲的Sarah在上學(xué)的同時(shí)兼職做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；雖然她父親希望她當(dāng)全職模特，但是Sarah仍然堅(jiān)持要完成學(xué)業(yè)。41．resting，故填resting。42．a(chǎn)解析：考察冠詞。該空后面model是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，此處表示“作為一名模特〞，故填a。43．hasbeentold/wastold解析：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處動(dòng)詞tell與Sarah是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因?yàn)榈诙卧谥v述父親和Sarah的想法時(shí)都是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，故可以填hasbeentold。此外，“被告知〞這件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故也可填wastold。44．who解析：考察定語(yǔ)從句。此句Sarah是主語(yǔ)，wants是主句謂語(yǔ)，因此可以判斷此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Sarah，從句中缺主語(yǔ)且指人，故填who。45．toprove解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。wanttodo是固定搭配，故填toprove。46．education解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞her后需用educate的名詞形式，故填education。47．invitations解析：考察名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。invitation是可數(shù)名詞，前面有several修飾，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填invitations。48．in解析：考察介詞。degree與介詞in搭配，表示在某方面的學(xué)位。故填in。49．comes解析：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。全文均為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且school是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填comes。50．certainly解析：考察副詞。此處fun是形容詞，應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾形容詞，故填certainly。一、有提示詞(一)提示詞為動(dòng)詞“一定三思〞解“動(dòng)詞〞命題點(diǎn)1考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞假設(shè)句中沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，還要注意主謂一致和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt64.____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.[解析]areremoved考察時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，64空所在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，由于主語(yǔ)fatandsalt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)造areremoved。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers68.____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.[解析]managed考察時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，68空所在句的句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)閑ngineers與manage之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)later和becameknownas...可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以應(yīng)填managed。命題點(diǎn)2考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞假設(shè)句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要確定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，還是不定式。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，v.－ing形式表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)展；v.－ed形式表示被動(dòng)完成；不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.thetop.[解析]laying考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，63空所在的句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞included，且空處不與included作并列謂語(yǔ)，故空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。included后的dig，lay，build是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，根據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends，16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term41.____________(rest)．[解析]resting考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，41空所在的句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞isnotspending，且空處不與其作并列謂語(yǔ)，故空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spendtime(in)doingsth.表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事〞。[例如3](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43.____________(create)specialdesigns.[解析]tocreate考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，43空所在句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞combine，且空處不與combine作并列謂語(yǔ)，故填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故答案為tocreate。[例如4](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers68.____________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.[解析]conducted考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，68空所在句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞names，且不與names作并列謂語(yǔ)，故填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。study和conduct之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故答案為conducted。命題點(diǎn)3考察詞類轉(zhuǎn)換有時(shí)所給提示詞雖然是動(dòng)詞，但是空格處既不是考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也不是考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是要求進(jìn)展詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher46.____________(educate)．[解析]education考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)化之動(dòng)詞變名詞。形容詞性物主代詞her應(yīng)該用來(lái)修飾名詞，educate的名詞形式是education。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.____________(care)nottogotoextremes.[解析]careful考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。be之后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，care的形容詞形式是careful。(二)提示詞為名詞或代詞“一同二變〞看“名、代〞命題點(diǎn)1考察名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格所給提示詞是名詞時(shí)，一般考察單復(fù)數(shù)的變化，偶爾考察所有格；所給詞是代詞時(shí)，一般考察人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)61.asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62.____________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.[解析]effects考察名詞復(fù)數(shù)。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的兩個(gè)例子overweightandheartdisease可知名詞effect用復(fù)數(shù)形式effects。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Recent66.____________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks67.regularly．[解析]studies考察名詞的數(shù)。本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是show，說(shuō)明空格處的主語(yǔ)是名詞復(fù)數(shù)studies。[例如3](2021·四川卷)Bythattime，thepandanolongerneeded68.____________(it)motherforfood.[解析]its考察代詞的格。此處表示“它的母親〞，故使用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞mother。故答案為its。命題點(diǎn)2考察名詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換及人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~所給提示詞是名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)考察詞類轉(zhuǎn)換，主要是名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~或動(dòng)詞。所給提示詞為代詞時(shí)，有時(shí)考察人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70.____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[解析]successful考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~?！皁neofthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)〞表示“最……的……之一〞，此處應(yīng)填success的形容詞形式successful。(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.howthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.[解析]natural考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。結(jié)合空格后的architects可知應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞，因此填natural。[例如3](2021·咸陽(yáng)模擬)WhenIgottotheexitagain,Ifound66.____________(I)drivingtotheplacewehaddrivenin.[解析]myself考察人稱代詞轉(zhuǎn)化為反身代詞?？崭駜?nèi)的詞與前面的I相對(duì)應(yīng)，應(yīng)是我發(fā)現(xiàn)“我自己〞，故用反身代詞myself。(三)提示詞為形容詞或副詞“二步思維〞破“形、副〞命題點(diǎn)1考察形容詞或副詞的比擬等級(jí)所給提示詞是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，需考慮是否變?yōu)楸葦M級(jí)或最高級(jí)。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Even66.____________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.[解析]worse考察副詞的比擬級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用比擬級(jí)形式。evenworse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。[例如2](2021·遼寧卷)The68.____________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.[解析]harder考察固定句式中的比擬等級(jí)。這里是“the＋比擬級(jí)．..，the＋比擬級(jí)．..〞句式，表示“越……就越……〞。故答案為harder。命題點(diǎn)2考察詞類轉(zhuǎn)換所給提示詞是形容詞時(shí)，還需要考慮形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞或名詞。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Itis50.____________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.[解析]certainly考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~。此處應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾形容詞fun，certain的副詞形式為certainly。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe63.____________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解析]officially考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~。修飾謂語(yǔ)局部應(yīng)用副詞形式。故答案為officially。[例如3](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.____________(able)to“aircondition〞ahousewithout44.usingelectricequipment.[解析]ability考察詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。空格前的their是形容詞性物主代詞，其后應(yīng)該接名詞。故答案為ability。二、無(wú)提示詞“二步〞準(zhǔn)填無(wú)提示詞命題點(diǎn)1填代詞無(wú)提示詞的考察中，當(dāng)句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要填代詞，主要包括人稱代詞、關(guān)系代詞以及it的用法。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.____________isnotgoodforthehealth.[解析]which考察非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，空格處所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，故填關(guān)系代詞which。[例如2](2021·浙江卷)Howwouldyoulike____________ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?[解析]it考察代詞。it指代ifyouwerewatching...askingyou這件事。命題點(diǎn)2填介詞如果名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面一般是填介詞。通?？疾旖樵~與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的搭配。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree48.____________engineeringorarchitecture.[解析]in考察介詞。關(guān)于某個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitecture工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61.crowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.____________work.[解析]from考察介詞。traveltoandfromwork上下班。故填from。[例如3](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whenthebusfinallycame，weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.____________thewindow，soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.[解析]to考察固定搭配中的介詞。此處是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)nextto，意為“挨著〞。故答案為to。命題點(diǎn)3填冠詞如果空格后有名詞而且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義，或者有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、表示特指意義的比擬級(jí)等形式，那么空格處一般是填冠詞。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.____________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.[解析]the考察冠詞。此處特指“地鐵的頂部〞，故用定冠詞the。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning￡6，500adayas42.____________modelinNewYork.[解析]a考察冠詞。句意：相反，她在紐約作為一名模特兒每天收入6500英鎊。用不定冠詞a表泛指。命題點(diǎn)4填并列連詞空格處是否填并列連詞主要是通過(guò)觀察句子構(gòu)造確定。這種情況一般是空格前后是兩個(gè)并列成分，如兩個(gè)主謂構(gòu)造完整的詞、句子、短語(yǔ)等，而且相并列的成分相互之間存在并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果關(guān)系。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl〞culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41.____________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.[解析]and考察并列連詞。這里列舉了亞洲的一些國(guó)家，它們?yōu)椴⒘嘘P(guān)系，應(yīng)用and。[例如evenafewmonths.[解析]or考察并列連詞。句意：但是河流不是幾天或幾個(gè)月就改變了的。afewdays和afewmonths為并列關(guān)系，且此句是否認(rèn)句，因此要用or連接。命題點(diǎn)5填從句連詞從句連詞是指三大從句的引導(dǎo)詞，它們用來(lái)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句。判斷空格處填哪一類引導(dǎo)詞，首先要看它所引導(dǎo)的是哪一種從句，然后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的種類和功能來(lái)確定填哪一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64.tomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，65.____________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66.permittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.[解析]when考察定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，空格處所在的句子是定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的“themid－1980s〞，且從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用when引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Overtime，45.____________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.[解析]when/as考察狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，隨著〞，應(yīng)用when/as。[例如3](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.____________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.paintings．[解析]that/which考察定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句意和句子構(gòu)造可知此處是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~是物，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用that或which。[例如4](2021·廣東卷)Ididn’tunderstand20.____________thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged21.forthereservation.[解析]why考察賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?！拔舀暡恢?不明白________會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案為why。命題點(diǎn)6填助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)，我們需要用助動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成某些句式，如疑問(wèn)句、否認(rèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句型等；另外，有時(shí)也需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填上相應(yīng)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thenthedriverstoodupandasked，“48.____________anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？〞[解析]Did考察一般疑問(wèn)句式中的助動(dòng)詞。分析語(yǔ)境，此處指司機(jī)問(wèn)“有人在上一站喪失手提箱嗎？〞。這是一個(gè)問(wèn)句，同時(shí)喪失東西的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此填did。注意首字母要大寫(xiě)。故答案為Did。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷樣題)Mum：Aretheythere？Oh，mygoodness.I69.____________haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.[解析]must考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)展的肯定推測(cè)，故用must。命題點(diǎn)7其他語(yǔ)境填詞無(wú)提示詞的空格有時(shí)也需要根據(jù)固定搭配、邏輯關(guān)系以及句式構(gòu)造填寫(xiě)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。[例如1](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive65.____________possiblebeforelunch.[解析]as考察固定搭配。as...aspossible為固定搭配，意為“盡可能……〞。故答案為as。[例如2](2021·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenI61.arrived，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong，with63.itschokingsmog.[解析]before/earlier考察邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意和“I’dbeenathome〞的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處表示“幾個(gè)小時(shí)前，我待在香港的家里〞，“待在家里〞應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作arrived之前，故此處填before或earlier均可。[例如3](2021·遼寧卷)Oh...，69.ifyoudon’tmind，I’llstopandtakeadeep70.____________．[解析]breath考察固定搭配。takeadeepbreath意為“深深地吸一口氣〞，屬于固定搭配，故答案為breath。,[學(xué)生用書(shū)P5])A(2021·鄭州第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers,I1.____________(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.SoIhavemanystoriesaboutmeandreading.Itwasmyfatherwhotookmeontheroadtoreadingandmademeappreciate2.____________(it)beauty.WhenIwasalittlegirl,heboughtmeabook3.____________(name)RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms.Iwastooyoungtoreadthisdifficultwork,somyfatherexplainedittome4.____________(patient).Fromthenon,Istartedtoenjoyreadingbooks.WhenIbecameamiddleschoolstudent,IbegantoreadsomesimplifiedEnglishclassicsonmyown.Sometimes,Iwouldwritedownmythoughtsand5.____________(feel)andsharethemwithmyfather.AmongallthebooksthatIreadduringmymiddleschoolyears,JaneEyreleftthe6.____________(deep)impressiononme.Iwashavingsomedifficultieswithmystudiesatthattime,7.____________JaneEyre’spersistence(堅(jiān)持)andcourageinspiredmealot.Thankstomyreadinghabit,Imanaged8.____________(overcome)thedifficultiesofmystudies.Now,I’maseniorhighschoolstudentandverybusywithmystudies.ButIstillkeeponreadinginmysparetime.MymothertoldmethatIshouldbeabsorbed9.____________mystudies,butinmypointofview,Iregardreadingasanoasis(綠洲)thatcanmakemerelax.Recently,Ithoughtaboutthebenefits10.____________readingcouldbringus.Readingcanclearourmindsandmotivateus.Inaddition,wemaybroadenourhorizonsandgainmoreknowledgethroughreading.Ihopethatmystorycaninspireyoutostartyourownreadingadventure.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文主要講述了作者和閱讀之間的故事，鼓勵(lì)大家多讀書(shū)。1．havegot/gotten解析：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。since意為“自從〞時(shí)，主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2．its解析：考察代詞。修飾名詞一般用形容詞，故用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞beauty,作定語(yǔ)。3．named解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。name和句子謂語(yǔ)bought之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且和其邏輯主語(yǔ)abook構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。4．patiently解析：考察副詞。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞甚至整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)。故用副詞patiently修飾動(dòng)詞explained。5．feelings解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)and可知，此處和thoughts并列，故用feel的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式feelings。6．deepest解析：考察形容詞的最高級(jí)。與Amongallthebooks和定冠詞the照應(yīng)，此處用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，修飾名詞impression。7．but解析：考察連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞but。8．toovercome解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定搭配managetodosth.意為“設(shè)法完成某事〞，故用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。9．in解析：考察介詞。固定搭配beabsorbedinsth.意為“專注于某事〞，故用介詞in。10．that/which解析：考察定語(yǔ)從句。that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，該從句修飾先行詞thebenefits。B(2021·大連雙基測(cè)試)Theoriginofteaislostamonghistoryandtales.Whatcanbe1.____________(rough)confirmedisthatteaoriginatedinthesouthwestofChina.Accordingtoancientstories,thefirstperson2.____________(discover)theeffectsofteaissaidtobeShennong—thefatherofagricultureandherbal3.____________(medical)inChina.It4.____________(say)thatShennongoncetried72differentkindsofpoisonousplantsinadayandhelayontheground,barelyalive.Atthismoment,henoticedseveralratherfragrantleaves5.____________(drop)fromthetreebesidehim.Out6.____________curiosityandhabit,Shennongputtheleavesintohismouthandchewed7.____________slowly.Afteralittlewhile,hefeltwelland8.____________(energy)again.Sohepickedmoreleavestoeat9.____________thusclearedhisbodyfrompoison.TheancientChinesemedicalbookcalledShennongBencaojingstatesthat“Teatastesbitter.Drinkingit,onecanthinkquicker,sleep10.____________(little),movemoreswiftly,andseemoreclearly.〞Thisthenwastheearliestbooktorecordthemedicinaleffectsoftea.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文介紹了“茶〞的起源。1．roughly解析：考察副詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故填roughly“粗略地〞。2．todiscover解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。故填todiscover。3．medicine解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞herbal“藥草的〞修飾名詞。故填medicine。herbalmedicine意為“草藥〞。4．issaid解析：考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，據(jù)說(shuō)神農(nóng)曾一天之內(nèi)嘗試了72種不同的有毒植物。Itissaidthat意為“據(jù)說(shuō)……〞。5．dropping解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此時(shí)，他注意到幾片芳香的葉子正從他旁邊的樹(shù)上掉落下來(lái)。空處強(qiáng)調(diào)“正在掉落〞，故用drop的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。6．of解析：考察介詞。短語(yǔ)outofcuriosity意為“出于好奇〞。7．them解析：考察代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可分析出，空處指代and前的leaves,指咀嚼“它們〞。故填them。8．energetic解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。感官動(dòng)詞felt后應(yīng)用形容詞，故填energetic。9．a(chǎn)nd解析：考察連詞。該空前后表示順承關(guān)系，故用and。10．less解析：考察比擬級(jí)。此處與文中的“thinkquicker〞和“movemoreswiftly,andseemoreclearly〞為并列構(gòu)造，故填less。C(2021·廣西重點(diǎn)高中二模)Inhumanhistory,manyancientandsplendidcivilizationswerebornanddied.Chinaistheonlycountry1.____________uninterruptedhumancivilization.ChinesecivilizationwasbornontheshoresoftheYellowRiver.Andtherichland2.____________ChinesecivilizationbeganisHenanTheYellowRivergoesacross3.____________(center)Henan.ItisChina’smainnorth－to－southandeast－to－westartery(干線)．China’smostancienttribal4.____________(lead)，theYellowEmperorandtheYanEmperor,werebornhere.Eventoday,Chinesepeopleallovertheworldstill5.____________(proud)callthemselvesthedescendants(后裔)ofthesetwoemperors.Theriverholds6.____________unshakablepositionintheheartofeveryChinese,7.____________(respect)byeverygenerationandcalled“theMotherRiver〞.Withintelligence,hardworkanddetermination,Chinesedescendantspursueco－existenceandcommonprosperityonthisland.The5，446－km－longYellowRiverbreaksthelastbarrierandflowsintothebroadplain,Tillnow，theYellowRiver9.____________(raise)13dynasties’capitalLuoyang,8dynasties’capitalKaifengandthebiggesteconomiccenterin10.____________(it)area—Zhengzhou.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了黃河對(duì)早期黃河流域人類文明產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。1．with解析：考察介詞。中國(guó)是唯一一個(gè)擁有未被打斷過(guò)的人類文明的國(guó)家。此處表示“有〞，故填介詞with。2．where解析：考察關(guān)系副詞。這片孕育了中華文明的肥沃土地就位于河南省。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。3．central解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幬挥趯Ｓ忻~Henan前面，應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“中心的〞。故填center的形容詞形式central。4．leaders解析：考察名詞。中國(guó)最早的部落首領(lǐng)炎黃二帝誕生于此。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)名詞leaders“首領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)袖〞。5．proudly解析：考察詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞call，故用副詞proudly。6．a(chǎn)n解析：考察冠詞。黃河在每一個(gè)中國(guó)人心中的地位都是不可動(dòng)搖的。position“位置〞是可數(shù)名詞，此處表泛指，故填不定冠詞；且空處位于發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前，故填an。7．respected解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。黃河受每代人的尊敬，被稱為“母親河〞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，respect與Theriver之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填respected。8．forming解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。5446公里長(zhǎng)的黃河沖破了最后的壁壘，流入廣袤的平原之中，形成了中華文明的搖籃。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，form與句子主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。9．hasraised解析：考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。黃河孕育了13朝古都洛陽(yáng)，8朝古都開(kāi)封以及其流域內(nèi)最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心——鄭州。由句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。10．its解析：考察代詞。分析句子構(gòu)造可知，空處在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾area，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。D(2021·武漢高中畢業(yè)生調(diào)研)Sendinggiftsvariesgreatlyfromcountrytocountry.InAustralia,Canada,theUnitedStates1.____________Europeancountries,sendinggiftsisrarelyexpected.Whileseenasanicegesture,itismoreimportanttoavoid2.____________(give)highlypersonalgiftssuchasclothing.Whenvisitingthehomeofacolleaguefromoneofthese3.____________(country),itisnormallyappropriatetobringagifttothehostess.InAmerica,4.____________(expense)giftsaredefinitelyout.Agood5.____________(choose)istotakethedeservingpersontodinner,orto6.____________entertainmentorasportingevent.7.____________thecontrary,giftgivingisatraditionalcustominJapan.InJapanthepropergiftisthought8.____________(express)thegiver’struefriendship,gratitudeandrespectfar9.____________(well)thanwordscan.SoifyouplantovisitJapanortohaveanyJapanesevisityouhere,beprepared.Australiaisknownforitsfriendlinessandinformality.Somodestgifts,suchasadiary,apaperweight,oracoffeecupmight10.____________(present)toafriend.Atatradeshow,T－shirts,ties,baseballcaps,orapinmaybeappropriatesouvenirs.Anythingmorethanthesetypesofgiftscouldcauseembarrassment.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了美國(guó)、日本、澳大利亞等國(guó)不同的送禮物習(xí)慣。1．a(chǎn)nd解析：考察連詞。根據(jù)空前的“Australia,Canada,theUnitedStates〞和空后的“Europeancountries〞可知，空處前后為并列關(guān)系，故用并列連詞and。2．giving，意為“防止做某事〞，故填giving。3．countries解析：考察名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的these可知，可數(shù)名詞country應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4．expensive解析：考察形容詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴拿~gifts，故用形容詞形式。5．choice解析：考察名詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞good和不定冠詞A可以判斷，空處應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式。6．a(chǎn)n解析：考察不定冠詞。該處泛指“一次娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)〞，entertainment的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用an。7．On解析：考察固定搭配。onthecontrary為固定搭配，意為“與此相反〞。8．toexpress解析：考察動(dòng)詞不定式。此處表示“在日本，，意為“被認(rèn)為……〞，故用動(dòng)詞不定式。9．better解析：考察比擬級(jí)。根據(jù)空后的than可知，該處用well的比擬級(jí)。10．bepresented解析：考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句主語(yǔ)modestgifts和動(dòng)詞present之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1語(yǔ)法填空(一)[學(xué)生用書(shū)P85(單獨(dú)成冊(cè))]A(2021·甘肅蘭州高考實(shí)踐模擬考試)ResearchersfromShandongUniversityineastChinaandtheUniversityofCalifornia,RiversideintheU．S.havecreatedpaperwhichcanstandtobereprintedon1.____________(score)oftimes,reportedtheDailyMailintheUK.Asheetofthespecialpapercanstandtobereprintedonup2.____________80times,accordingtothereport.Theprintmaterialisultraviolet(紫外線的)，andtheprintedwordsandimagesdisappearwhenthepaperisheatedto120degreesCelsius.Thecoretechnologyissaidtobetheink,andanypapercould3.____________(make)reprintableifitcanbe4.____________(safe)heatedtotherighttemperature.ThechemicalsintheinkincludePrussianblueandtitaniumdioxide(二氧化鈦)．Thebluecomponent5.____________(lose)itscolorwhenbombarded(沖擊)withelectrons(電子)．Thespecialpaper6.____________(it)isbluebeforeprinting.Whenultravioletraysareusedintheprintingprocess,titaniumdioxideinthechemicalcompound(化合物)loseselectrons,7.____________arethenobtainedbythePrussianblue.Mostofthesheetlosesitsbluecolor,8.____________(leave)behindwords!Butthewordsonthepaperarereadablefor9.____________limitedtimeonly.Afterfivedays,thesheetofpaperwillhavereturnedtoitsoriginalbluecolorandthewordswillbegone.Theduration(持續(xù)時(shí)間)iseven10.____________(short)ifthepaperisheated,evenforonlyafewseconds.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的創(chuàng)造——可屢次復(fù)印的特殊紙張。1．scores解析：考察固定詞組。scoresof為固定詞組，意為“大量，很多〞，與times照應(yīng)。2．to解析：考察介詞。upto...意為“到達(dá)(某數(shù)量)〞，與80times照應(yīng)，故用介詞to。3．bemade解析：考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。make和句子主語(yǔ)paper之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could照應(yīng)，故用bemade。4．safely解析：考察副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用副詞safely在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。5．loses解析：考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。與上文include照應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且由主語(yǔ)Thebluecomponent為單數(shù)形式可知，應(yīng)用loses。6．itself解析：考察代詞。此處itself是反身代詞，和句子主語(yǔ)Thespecialpaper表示同一物，起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。7．which解析：考察定語(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞electrons。8．leaving解析：考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。leave和句子謂語(yǔ)loses之間沒(méi)有連詞，且與其邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。9．a(chǎn)解析：考察冠詞。time作“一段時(shí)間〞講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，但被冠詞和形容詞修飾時(shí)，表示具體的概念，故此處用不定冠詞a修飾。10．shorter解析：考察形容詞比擬級(jí)。此處的evenforonlyafewseconds和上文的Afterfivedays形成比照，由此可知時(shí)間更短，故用shorter。B(2021·長(zhǎng)春監(jiān)測(cè)二)Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1.____________(quit)beforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:twoboyswerefightinginacorner,yet2.____________restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;somegirlswerechattingandsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3.____________(leave)everywhere.Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4.____________(pick)upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:“Rule1:Wearefamily！〞Al