非謂語動詞的用法講解過去分詞的用法

過去分詞的用法非謂語動詞的用法講解：1.及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，既表示被動，又表示完成。

(1)

Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。2.不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表示動作的完成。

(2)Heisretired.他已退休。3.有些過去分詞作表語時，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)

Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山。過去分詞作表語

【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。

(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，表示動作）(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語）【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成,-ing形式表示主動或進行。有些動詞如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，用-ing形式來修飾物。(3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。過去分詞作定語

作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。1.過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。

Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。

2.過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。

Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。3.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。4.用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。

過去分詞作狀語

1.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作。

(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。

【注意】written為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。值得注意的是，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不表被動而表主動。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿著）；tiredof（厭煩）。

(2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因為沉溺于思考之中，所以他沒聽到那個聲音。2.過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。(1)

Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個小時，我也能解這道題。（given為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語I，即I被再給一個小時。）(2)

Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.從山頂看城市，城市顯得更漂亮。（seen為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看”，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是“我們”，因為“我們”應(yīng)主動看城市。）【注意】如果過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實際上屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信號一發(fā)出，汽車就開動了。（thesignal是given的邏輯主語，因此主句主語thebus就不是given的邏輯主語。(2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去。（herhead是heldhigh的邏輯主語，因此主句主語she就不再是heldhigh的邏輯主語。）

3.過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因為淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。(caughtinaheavyrain為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)(2)

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。(growninrichsoil為過去分詞作條件狀語，它來源于條件狀語從句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時要保持鎮(zhèn)定。4.過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。過去分詞作賓語補足語（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下三類：1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。

(1)

IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard；）

(2)

Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found）2.表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完?！咀⒁狻窟^去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。（二）使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。1.過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了）2.過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如：(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿斷了。（自己的經(jīng)歷）“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：(1)

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）(2)

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。（表條件）(3)

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）(4)

Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會兒。

過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動的動作，二是表動作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語：1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill1.時間狀語,可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等.2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Untilspokento2.原因狀語1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介詞but,expect,besides的賓語，前面又有實意動詞do時，不定式通常省去to8.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.

following,followingB.followed,followedC.following,followedD.followed,following9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse___afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell___careofinthenursery.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;takingCB10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenDA1.Youcanmakeyourself_______prettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understoodC.understandingD.tounderstandExercise2.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.---Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboard.---Perhapsyouneed__________.A.tohaveyoureyesexaminedB.toexamineyoureyeC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.youreyestobeexamined4.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaround________.A.changingB.changeC.changedD.tochange1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考點點撥簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分是一個作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對于動詞play來說只能是被動承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。2.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak簡析:該題應(yīng)選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動,等于定語從句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited簡析:該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動,等于定語從句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened簡析:該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非限制性定語從句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written簡析:該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達被動,等于定語從句whichwerewritten。例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied簡析:很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是hishands,而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而hishands對于動詞tie來說,只能是被動承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選D。LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考鏈接A解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考鏈接D解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾flowers。smell為系動詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于which/thatsmellssweet。Practice1. Didyouattendthemeeting___yesterday?tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheldDoyouknowthenameoftheplay___inthehallnow?tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonIborrowedabook____byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite4. Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof___.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseCBAA1._____blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.TobeatExercises2.____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere____themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hidingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_____.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_______intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegun

C.beginningD.begun6.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring7.Shewassadbecauseof___anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海2002)

A.beingknown

B.havingbeenknown

C.tobeknown

D.known9._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全國夏)

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.Before____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedto D.using

11.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.The

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14.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following15.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen16.___betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand___themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving17.Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When__,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted19.___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding20.Ifoundacar______inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick英語主動形