名詞性從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

名詞性從句（nounclauses）Name:Class：Name:教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握名詞性從句的四大類型以及它們的用法，并能判斷出練習(xí)中的句子屬于什么從句類型，會(huì)做一些簡(jiǎn)單的練習(xí)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：.主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句，讓學(xué)生能判斷出一個(gè)復(fù)合句屬于什么類型的從句。.注意賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：that什么情況下可以省略，什么情況下不可以省略。whether和if什么時(shí)候可以互換，什么時(shí)候不可以互換。如何區(qū)分同位語從句與定語從句。教學(xué)過程：Lead—in:exercisesthebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.That B.What C.Why D.IfIwonderyouwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.that B.if C.whether D.whatThisishewasoftenlateforschool.A.what B.that C.why D.whetherWeallknowthetruththeeartharoundthesun.A.if;moved B.that;moves C.why;move D.whether;move完成以上四個(gè)題目，并分別指出它們是什么從句，從而導(dǎo)出名詞性從句的學(xué)習(xí)。一.名詞性從句的概念：一個(gè)句子在連接詞的引導(dǎo)下，在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。二.名詞性從句的功能：相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。Hisjobisimportant.（主語）Whathedoesisimportant.（主語從句）Thisishisjob.（表語）Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.（表語從句）Idon,tlikehisjob.（賓語）Idon,tlikewhathedoeseveryday.（賓語從句）Idon,tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.（同位語）Idon,tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.（同位語從句）得出結(jié)論：因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為四類，即:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。三.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：1、連接代詞：who,whoever,whose,whom,whomever,what,whicho有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。Idon’tbelievehehasachievedsofar.breaksthelawshouldbepunished.2、連接副詞：when,where,why,how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。

wewillhandintheprojectwillbediscussedlater.Parentsarethoughttounderstandimportanteducationistotheirchildren'sfuture.Thereasonhewasabsentwasthathewasill.3、連接詞：統(tǒng)應(yīng)whether,if,asif,asthoughtthat無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if（whether）,asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。Idon'tcareaboutyouhavemoneyornot.TheproblemisTomisabletoarriveontime.themeetingwillbeheldhereisnotdecidedyet.Itlooksitisgoingtorain.Thetruthishedidn,tcomefortheconcert.theearthisroundistrue.四.名詞性從句的類型：.主語從句:在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。連接詞有that,whether;who,what,which;when,where,how,why等。如：heisafamoussingerisknowntous.hewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.she,scomingornotdoesn,tmattertoomuch.broketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.注意：1.為避免主語冗長(zhǎng)，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語，主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。記住以下it作形式主語的句型：It,slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是.../必要的是.../很清楚...It,ssaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道...Itseems/appears/happensthat…顯然、明顯、碰巧...It'sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已經(jīng)通知/宣布...It'snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑...Ifsapity/afact/acommonknowledge（眾所周知）/acommonsaying（俗話說）that...?Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for?Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.how B.that C.when D.what?Itisknowntouswherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.which B.where C.what D.that2.單個(gè)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用句單數(shù)形式；如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞則視情況而定。Whenandwherehewasbornhasn,tbeenfound.Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven,tbeenfound.Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered_arestillunknown.Exercises:.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.Whatever2D.WhoeverA.WhatB.WhoC.Whatever2D.WhoeverIcanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.Where B.What C.That D.How?It,snotclearwasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.Who B.What C.How D.That?intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that,whether,asif,asthough;who,what,which,whose;when,where,how,why,because等。如：Theproblemiswedidn,tgetintouchwithhim.ThisisHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestioniswe(should)finishtheworkatonce.Itlookeditwasgoingtorain.Thereasonwedidn'ttrusthimishehasoftenlied注意：如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名詞時(shí)，后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.Thereasonwhy...isthat... ...的理由是，…的原因是...Thereasonhewaslateagainwashewascaughtinthetrafficjam.ThereasonIhavetogoismymotherisillinbed.A.why;why B.why;becauseC.why;that D.that;becauseItisbecause...這是因?yàn)?…Exercises:?Thisisshewasborn.A.where B.which C.that D.whatThequestioniswecan,tgotheretoday.A.that B.what C.which D.whenThereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressishehasneverwastedhistime.A.because B.why C.that D.what?Myadviceisthatheschoolbybike.A.goto B.wouldgotoC.goesto D.wentto?shecouldn,tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;why B.That;what?A.What;why B.That;what?Energyismakesthingswork.A.what B.everything3.賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。C.something D.anything引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that,whether,if;who,whom,whose,what,which;when,where,how,why等。在謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure,happy,glad,certain,pleased等之后也可以帶有賓語從句。如：V+賓語從句，即“動(dòng)賓”：Webelievethatheishonest.Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit.Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?Ireallydon,tknowwhatheisdoing.Ijustdon,tunderstandthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.A.whyitdoes B.whatitdoesC.whatitis D.whyitis---Don,tyoubelieveme?---,Iwillbelieveyousay.A.No;whatever B.Yes;nomatterwhatC.No;nomatterwhatD.Yes;whatever“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?”“TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.”A.when B.that C.how D.whatprep+賓語從句，即“介賓”：He,spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday.Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.Iwishtohaveafriendwithsharesmyhobbiesandinterests.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyoneMarywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.thatItwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomeveradj+賓語從句，即“形賓”：that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語，所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如 certain,sure,positive,afraid,convinced,anxious,disappointed,worried,glad,happy,sorry,amazed,surprised,aware,doubtful,confident等等。Iamsure/certainthathe'sathomenow. 我肯定他現(xiàn)在在家。Hebecameangrythatyoumadethesamemistake.你犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤，他生氣了。Heremainsconfidentthathewillwin.他仍然自信他會(huì)贏。SheisawarethatIcan’thelpher.她知道我?guī)筒涣怂拿?。Iamgladthatyou,vecome,你來了我很高興。Heappeared/seemedsurprisedthatIsaid“no”.我說不，他似乎很吃驚。IamafraidthatIcan'tpromiseyouanything.恐怕我不能向你保證什么。Wewereratherdisappointedthatyouwerenotabletocomeyesterday.昨天你沒能來我們有點(diǎn)失望。Iamabitworriedthatshewillnotbeabletomakeit.我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心她做不成這件事情。I,msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.不能誤將“It+be+adj+that”的主語從句當(dāng)成賓語從句.如：ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.Exercises:Iaskedhershehadabike.wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.We’reworriedaboutheissafe.

Idon’tknowheiswellornot.Idon'tknowornotheiswell.Thequestionisheshoulddoit.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestiontheoldmanwillrecoversoon.(2)如果賓語從句是由that引導(dǎo)，and或but連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列的賓語從句，那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)或第二個(gè)以后的that不能省略.Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.Mydeskmatetoldme(that)hewatchedafootballmatchlastnight,butthatitwasverydiscouraging.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，就用it作形式賓語，將賓語從句后置，并且that不可以省略.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillwinthegame.IfinditnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.WefinditnecessarythatwepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.(3)表示“建議，命令，要求”的賓語從句，如24丫1$6,suggest,order,request,require,demand等，從句用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。(4)在“主語+believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，其否定形式要用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即主句否定，從句肯定。Idon,tthinkhewillcome.Idon,tthinkI,lltroubleyouagain.Idon,texpectthattheywillgetmarriedsoon.(5)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：a.如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài).他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的. Hebelieves.b.請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么. Pleasetellme.b.如果主句謂語是一般過去時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，但如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備. Hetoldme.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 Hetoldme老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的.Theteachertoldus.Exercises:DoyouseeImean?A.that B./ C.how D.whatTellmeisonyourmind.A.that B.what C.which D.whyWemuststicktowehaveagreedon.A.what B.that C./D.howA.what B.that C./D.howLetmeseeA.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.IcanrepairtheradioA.thatcanIrepairtheradioC.Icanrepairtheradio?Keepinmind.thattheteachersaidC.thatdidtheteachersaywhetherIcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradioB.whatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaidfact；truth；4.同位語從句：在復(fù)合句中起同位語的作用。一般放在名詞idea；belieffact；truth；problem；news,information;hope;thought;promise等之后，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。常用that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,$弓|導(dǎo)（if不弓［導(dǎo)同位語從句）?Weallknowthetruththeearthgoesroundthesun.A.that B.which C.what D.whether?Weheardthenewsourteamhadwon.A.which B.that C.what D.where?Theproblemitisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.which B.that C.whether D.if?TheyexpressedthehopetheywouldcomeovertoChina.A.which B.that C.whom D.when?Thefacthedidn'tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.that B.which C.when D.what注意：.名詞suggestion,advice,order等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。Thesuggestionthatheatthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.wasputforward B.putforwardC.shouldlookforward D.lookedforwardThesuggestionthatwetopicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.Awent B.wouldgo C.go D.wereallowedtogo.同位語從句有時(shí)沒有緊踉在名詞后面，而是被別的詞分開，稱為隔裂式同位語從句。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.WordcamethatTomwouldgoabroad.?Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.that B.what C.which D.whether?There,safeelinginmewe’llneverknowwhataUFOis-——notever.A.that B.which C.ofwhich D.what?Itremainsaquestionwecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.how B.that C.when D.what?Danbyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.who B.that C.as D.which3.如何判斷同位語從句和定語從句？a.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，充當(dāng)賓語成分時(shí)可省略。b.同位語從句對(duì)中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略.五.名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)歸納：1.名詞性從句的語序：a.That+陳述句：Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---itmademenearlymad.ThathebrokeWhathebrokeHebroke6ThathebrokeWhathebrokeHebroke6Hisbreakb.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述語序，不能用一般疑問句語序，即“疑問詞+句子的剩余成分”。Idon,tknowwhenhewillgotoNanjing./Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHowwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.( )Howhewass