宋代五大名窯和青花瓷 英語

FivefamouskilnsinSongDynastyblueandwhiteporcelainGroup5LihaoChineseceramicsoftheSongDynastyconstitutetheforemostexpressionofceramicart.DuringtheSongperiod,aunityoftheessentialcomponentsfundamentaltotheart:vesselshape,pottingtechniques,glaze,decoration,firingprocesses,andaesthetictheorywereallcombinedinahighstandardofexcellence.whichledtoavarietyofclassicwares,usuallyassociatedwithaspecificregionofChina.Theseincludedthecourt-patronizedfivefamouskilns:Ru(汝),Guan(官),Ge(哥),Jun(鈞),Ding(定)wares;

CharmofsongporcelainDingkilnItspasteiswhite,generallycoveredwithanalmosttransparentglazethatdrippedandcollectedin“tears“(蠟淚痕).Duetothewaythedisheswerestackedinthekiln,theedgedremainedunglazed,andhadtoberimmedinmetalsuchasgoldorsilverwhenusedastableware.

Ding

warewasproducedinDingXian,HebeiProvince.whentheSongemperorscametopowerin940,

Ding

warewasthefinestporcelainproducedinnorthernChinaatthetime,andwasthefirsttoenterthepalaceforofficialimperialuse.RukilnRuwaresrangeincolor—fromnearlywhitetoadeeprobin'segg—andoftenarecoveredwithreddish-browncrackles.Thecracklesarecausedwhentheglazecoolsandcontractsfasterthanthebody,thushavingtostretchandultimatelytosplit.Songdynastywasthefirstperiodthatviewedcrazingasameritratherthanadefect.

瑪瑙為釉古相傳,雨過天晴云破處Ru

ware

wasproducedinRuzhouHenanprovinceforimperialuseandisthemostfamouswareinthefivekilns.名瓷之首，汝瓷為魁北宋汝窯天青釉葵花洗2012年香港拍賣會，北宋汝窯天青釉葵花洗拍賣2億港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍賣紀(jì)錄Junkiln

CharacterizedbyathickerbodythanDingorRuware,Juniscoveredwithaturquoiseandpurpleglaze,sothickandviscouslookingthatitalmostseemstobemeltingoffitssubstantialgolden-brownbody.NotonlyareJunvesselsmorethicklypotted,theirshapeismuchmorerobustthanthefineJunpieces.世上朱砂非所擬，西方寶石致難同。——乾隆Jun

warewasathirdstyleofporcelainusedattheNorthernSongcourtandwasproducedinYuzhouHenanprovinceGuankilnItwasduringthisperiodthatwallsbecomesothinandglazesothickthatthelattersupersededtheformerinbreadth.AstheclayinthefoothillsaroundLin'anwasabrownishcolorandtheglazesoviscus.

Guan

ware,literallymeans"official"ware;socertainRu,Jun,andevenDingcouldbeconsidered

Guan

inthebroadsenseofbeingproducedforthecourt.Strictlyspeaking,however,thetermonlyappliestothatproducedbyanofficialimperiallyrunkiln,whichdidnotstartuntiltheSouthernSongfledtheadvancing

Jin

andsettledat

Lin'an.GekilnGe

wareliterallymeans'big-brother'ware,becauselegendhasitthatoftwobrothersworkinginLongquan,onemadethetypical

celadon

styleceramics,buttheeldermade

Ge

ware,producedinhisprivatekiln.Gewarebasicallycomprisetwotypes—onewitha‘warmrice-yellowglazeandtwosetsofcrackles,amoreprominentsetofdarkercolorinterspersedwithafinersetofreddishlines(金絲鐵線).TheotherGewareismuchlikeGuanware,withgrayishglazeandonesetofcrackles.

青花瓷·傳世的美麗blueandwhiteporcelain

Itisbelievedthatunderglazeblueandwhiteporcelainwasfirstmadeinthe

TangDynasty.blueandwhitewaresareglazedusingatransparent

porcelainglaze.Thebluedecorationispaintedontothebodyoftheporcelainbeforeglazing,usingveryfinelyground

cobaltoxide

mixedwithwater.

珍珠白沁就煙雨

孔雀藍映著月光

瑩透的素顏

朦朧了琴弦上一縷檀香blueandwhiteporcelainwiththeadventofthe

MingDynasty

in1368,blueandwhitewarewasshunnedforatimebytheCourt,especiallyunderthe

Hongwu

and

Yongle

Emperors.

Blueandwhiteporcelainhowevercamebacktoprominencewiththe

Xuande

Emperor,andagaindevelopedfromthattimeon.(青花首推宣德)BlueandwhiteporcelainstartedtobeflourishingintheYuandynastybecausethecourtliketheplainbluecolorandanplentyofcobaltmaterials.blueandwhiteporcelain

Blueandwhiteporcelainhowevercamebacktoprominencewiththe

Xuande

Emperor,andagaindevelopedfromthattimeon.blueandwhiteporcelainwiththeadventofthe

MingDynasty

in1368,blueandwhitewarewasshunnedforatimebytheCourt,especiallyunderthe

Hongwu

and

Yongle

Emperors.B