2021年6月《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)》第1套 考試真題與參考答案

2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2021年6月《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)》考試真題PartI Writing (30 minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaytitled“Istechnologymakingpeoplelazy?".Thestatementgivenbelowisforyourreference.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbunomorethan180words.Manystudiesclaimthatcomputersdistractpeople,makethemlazythinkersandevenlowertheirworkefficiency.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,willheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)EnrolhiminaNewcastlefootballB)Sendhimtoanafter-schoolartclass.Forbidhimtodrawinhisworkbook.Helphimposthisdrawingsonline.A)ContactedJoetodecorateitsdining-room.HiredJoetopaintallthewallsofisbuildings.Renovateditskitchenandallthedining-rooms.AskedJoeforpermissiontousehisonlinedrawings.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Getherpetdogback.Begforhelpfromthepolice.Identifythesuspectonthesecurityvideo.Postpicturesofherpetdogonsocialmedia.A)Itissufferingagreatdealfromtheincident.Itishelpingthepolicewiththeinvestigation.Itisbringingthecasetothelocaldistrictcourt.Itisofferingabigrewardtoanyonewhohelps.Questions5and7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Providefreemealstothelocalpoor.Helppeopleconnectwitheachother.Helpeliminateclassdifferenceinhisarea,Providecustomerswithfirst-classservice.A)Itdoesnotsuperviseitsemployees.Itdonatesregularlytoalocalcharity.Itdoesnotusevolunteers.Itisopenroundtheclock.A)Theywillrealisetheimportanceofcommunication.Theywillcometothecafeevenmorefrequently.Theywillcarelessabouttheirownbackground.Theywillfindtheyhavesomethingincommon.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)AsurprisepartyforPaul’sbirthday..Travelplansforthecomingweekend.PreparationsforSaturday’sget-together.Thenewmarketontheothersideoftown.A)Itmakesthehostess’sjobawholeloteasier.Itenablesgueststowalkaroundandchatfreely.Itsavesconsiderabletimeandlabor.Itrequiresfewertablesandchairs.A)Itofferssomebigdiscounts.Itisquiteclosetoherhouse.Itismorespaciousandlesscrowded.Itsellslocalwinesandsoftdrinks.A)Cookadishfortheparty.Arrive10minutesearlier.Prepareafewopeningremarks.Bringhiscomputerandspeakers.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Forcommutingtowork.Forlong-distancetravel,ForgettingaroundinMiami.Forconvenienceatweekends.A)Theyarereliable.Theyarecompact.Theyarespacious.Theyareeasytodrive.A)Buyasecond-handcar.Trustherownjudgment.Seekadvicefromhisfriend.Lookaroundbeforedeciding.A)Hesellsnewcars,Hecanbetrusted.Heisstartingabusiness.Heisasuccessfulcardealer.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Manyescapedfromfarmsandbecamewild.TheywereactuallynativetoNorthAmerica.Manygotkillinthewildwhensearchingforfood.TheywerehuntedbySpanishandRussianexplorers.A)Theyoftenmakesuddenattacksonpeople.Theybreakupnature’sfoodsupplychain.Theycausemuchenvironmentalpollution.Theycarryagreatmanydiseases.A)Theylivedpeacefullywithwildpigs.Theyranoutoffoodcompletely.Theyfellvictimtoeagles.Theyreproducedquickly.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Tastecoffeewhileinouterspace.Roastcoffeebeansinouterspace.Developanewstrainofcoffeebean.Useapressurisedtanktobrewcoffee.A)Theycaneasilygetburned.Theyfloataroundintheoven.Theyhavetobeheatedto360°C.Theyreceiveevenlydistributedheat.A)Theychargedahighpricefortheirspace-roastedcoffeebeans.TheysetupabranchinDubaitomanufacturecoffeeroasters.Theycollaboratedonbuildingthefirstspacecoffeemachine.Theyabandonedtheattempttoroastcoffeebeansinspace.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Itisthebesttimeforsightseeing.Aracepassesthroughitannually.TheycometocleantheIditarodTrail,Itiswhenthevillagerschooseaqueen.A)Itschildren’sbakingskills.Itsuniquewinterscenery.Itstastyfruitpies.Itsgreatfoodvariety.A)Thecontestants.Theentirevillage.JanNewtonandherfriends.PeoplefromthestateofIdaho.A)SheownedarestaurantinIdaho.Shemarriedherhusbandin1972.ShewenttoAlaskatocompeteinrace.Shehelpedthevillagetobecomefamous.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension (40SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.MostanimalsseekshadewhentemperaturesintheSaharaDesertsoarto120degreesFahrenheit,ButfortheSaharansilverant, 26 fromtheirundergroundnestsintothesun’sBrutalto 27 forfood,thisistheperfecttimetoseeklunch.In2015theseantswerejoinedthedesertbyscientistsfromtwoBelgianuniversities,whospentamonthinthe 28heattrackingtheantsanddiggingouttheirnests.Thegoalwassimple,todiscoverhow the 29adaptedtothekindofheatthatcan 30 meltthebottomofshoes.BackinBelgium,thescientistslookedattheantsunderanelectronicmicroscopeandthattheir 31 triangularhairreflectslightlikea prism(棱鏡),givingthemametallicreflectionandprotectingthemfromthesun’s awfulheat.WhenPh.D.studentQuentinWillot32 thehairfromanantwith 33 knifeandputitunderaheatlamp,itstemperaturejumped.Theants’methodofstayingcoolis 34 amonganimals.Couldthisreflectivetypeofhairprotectpeople?Willotsayscompaniesareinterestedin 35 theseants'methodofprotectionforhumanuse,includingeverythingfromhelpingtoprotectthelivesoffirefighterstokeepinghomescoolinsummer.adaptingconsciouslycrawlingcrowdedextremehuntliterallymoderate

D)remoteremovedspeciesspecimensthicktiny0)uniqueSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron Sheet2.Thestartofhighschooldoesn’thavetobestressfulThismonth,morethan4millionstudentsacrossthenationwillbeginhighschool.Manywilldowell.Butmanywillnot.Considerthatnearlytwo-thirdsofstudentswillexperiencethe“ninth-gradeshock,”whichreferstoadramaticdropinastudent’sacademicperformance.Somestudentscopewiththisshockbyavoidingchallenges. Forinstance,theymaydrop difficultcoursework.Othersmayexperienceahopelessnessthatresultsinfailingtheircoreclasses,suchEnglish,scienceandmath.Thisshouldmatteragreatdealtoparents,teachersandpolicymakers.Ultimatelyitshouldmattertothestudentsthemselvesand societyatlarge,becausestudents’ experienceoftransitioning(過(guò)渡totheninthgradecanhavelong-termconsequencesnotonlyforthestudentsthemselvesbutfortheirhomecommunities.Wemaketheseobservationsasresearchwhohavestudiedhowschoolsandfamiliescanhelpyoungpeoplethrive.Inthenewglobaleconomy,studentswhofailtofinishtheninthgradewithpassinggradesincollegepreparatorycourseworkareveryunlikelytograduateontimeandgoontogetjobs.Onestudyhascalculatedthatthelifetimebenefittothelocaleconomyforasingleadditionalstudentwhocompleteshighschoolishalfamilliondollarsormore.Thisisbasedonhigherearningsandavoidedcostsinhealthcare,crime,welfaredependenceandotherthings.Theconsequencesofdoingpoorlyintheninthgradecanimpactmorethanstudents’abilitytofindagoodjob.Itcanalsoimpacttheextenttowhichtheyenjoylife.StudentslosemanyofthefriendstheyturnedtoforsupportwhentheymovefromtheeighthtotheninthOnestudyofninth-gradestudentsfoundthat50percentoffriendshipsamongninthgraderschangedfromonemonthtothenext,signalingstrikinginstabilityinfriendships.Inaddition,studiesfindthefirstyearofhighschooltypicallyshowsoneofthegreatestincreasesindepressionofanyyearoverthelifespan.Researchersthinkthatoneexplanationistiestofriendsarebrokenwhileacademicdemandsarerising.Furthermore,mostadultcasesofclinicaldepressionfirstemergeinadolescence(TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportsthatdepressionhasthegreatestburdenofdiseaseworldwide,intermsofthetotalcostoftreatmentandthelossofproductivity.[F]Givenallthat’sridingonhavingasuccessfulninthgradeexperience,itpaystoexplorewhatcanbedonetomeettheacademic,socialandemotionalchallengesofthetransitiontohighschool.Sofar,ourstudieshaveyieldedonemaininsight:Students'beliefsaboutchange--theirbeliefsaboutwhetherpeoplearestuckonewayforever,orwhetherpeoplecanchange personalitiesandabilities--arerelatedtotheirabilitytocope,succeedacademicallyandmaintaingoodmentalhealth.Pastresearchhascalledthesebeliefs mindsetswithafixedmindsetreferringtothebeliefthatpeoplecannotchangeanda“growthmindset”referringtothebeliefthatpeoplecanchange.Inone recentstudy,weexamined360adolescents’ beliefsaboutthenatureof“smartness”--thatis,theirfixedmindsetsaboutintelligence..Wethenassessedbiologicalstressresponsesforstudentswhosegradesweredroppingbyexaminingtheirstress hormones(荷蒙).Studentswhobelievedthatintelligenceisfixed--thatyouarestuckbeing“notsmart” ifyoustruggleinschool--showedhigherlevelsofstresshormoneswhentheirgradesweredecliningatthebeginningoftheninthgrade.Ifstudentsbelievedthatintelligencecouldimprove--thatistosay,whentheyheldmoreofagrowthmindsetofintelligence--theyshowedlowerlevelsofstresshormoneswhentheirgradesweredeclining.Thiswasanexitingresultbecauseitshowedthatthebody’sstressresponsesarenotdeterminedsolelybyone’sgrades.Instead,declininggradesonlypredictedworsestresshormonesamong studentswhobelievedthatworseninggradeswereapermanentandhopelessstateofaffairs.Wealsoinvestigatedthesocialsideofthehighschooltransition.Inthisstudy,insteadofteachingstudentsthattheirsmartnesscanchange,wetaughtthemthattheirsocialstanding--thatwhethertheyarebulliedorexcludedorleftout-canchangeovertime.Wethenlookedathighschoolstudents’stressresponsestodailysocialdifficulties.Thatis,wetaught themagrowthmindsetabouttheirsociallives.Inthisstudy,studentscameintothelaboratoryandwereaskedtogiveapublicspeechinfontofupper-yearstudents.Thetopicofthespeechwaswhatmakesonepopularinhighschool.Followingthis,studentshadtocompleteadifficultmentalmathtaskinfrontofthesameupper-yearstudents.Experimentresultsshowedthatstudentswhowerenottaughtthatpeoplecanchangeshowedpoorstressresponses.Whenthesestudentsgavethespeech,theirbloodvesselscontractedandtheirheartspumpedlessbloodthroughthebodybothresponsesthatthebodyshowswhenispreparingfordamageordefeatafteraphysicalthreat.Thentheygaveworsespeechesandmademoremistakesinmath.Butwhenstudentsweretaughtthatpeoplecan change,theyhadbetterresponsestostress,inpartbecausetheyfeltliketheyhadtheresourcestodealwiththedemandingsituation.Studentswhogotthegrowthmindsetintervention(showedless-contractedbloodvesselsandtheirheartspumpedmoreblood-bothofwhichcontributedtomoreoxygengettingtothebrain,and,ultimately,betterperformanceonthespeechandmentalmathtasks.Thesefindingsleadtoseveralpossibilitiesthatweareinvestigatingfurther.First,weworkingtoreplicate(復(fù))thesefindingsinmorediverseschoolcommunities.Wewanttoknowinwhichtypesofschoolsandforwhichkindsofstudentsthesegrowthmindsetideashelpyoungpeopleadapttothechallengesof highschool.Wealsohopetolearn howteachers,parentsorschoolcounselorscanhelpstudentskeeptheirongoingacademicorsocial difficultiesinperspective.Wewonderwhatwouldhappenifschoolshelpedtomakebeliefsaboutthepotentialforchangeandimprovementalargerfeatureoftheoverallschoolculture,especiallyforstudentsstaringtheninthgrade.Thenumberofpeopleexperiencingdepressionshowsasharpincreaseinthefirstyearhighschool.Accordingtoonestudy,students’academicperformanceisnottheonlydecisivefactortheirstressresponses.Researcherswouldliketoexplorefurtherhowparentsandschoolscanhelpninthbychangingtheirmindset.Accordingtoonestudy,eachhighschoolgraduatecontributesatleast500,000dollarsthelocalInonestudy,studentsweretoldtheirsocialpositioninschoolisnotunchangeable.Itisreportedthatdepressionresultsinenormouseconomiclossesworldwide.Onestudyshowedthatfriendshipsamongninthgraderswerefarfromstable.Morethanhalfofstudentswillfindtheiracademicperformancedecliningsharplytheyentertheninthgrade.Researchersfoundthroughexperimentsthatstudentscouldbetaughttorespondtoinmorepositiveway.Itisbeneficialtoexplorewaystocopewiththechallengesfacingstudentsenteringschool.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron AnswerSheet2withsinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educatorsandbusinessleadershavemoreincommonthanitmayseem.Teacherswanttopreparestudentsforasuccessfulfuture.TechnologycompanieshaveaninterestindevelopingaworkforcewiththeSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)sillsneededtogrowthecompanyandadvancetheindustry.Howcantheywoktogethertoachievethesegoals?Playbetheanswer.FocusingonSTEMskillsisimportant,buttherealityisthatSTEMsillsareenhancedandmorerelevantwhencombinedwithtraditional,hands-oncreativeactivities.Thiscombinationisprovingtobethebestwaytopreparetoday’schildrentobethemakersandbuildersoftomorrow.Thatiswhytechnologycompaniesarepartneringwitheducatorstobringbackgood,old-fashionedplay.Infactmanyexpertsarguethatthemostimportant2lst-centuryskillsaren’trelatedtotechnologiesorsubjectmatter,buttocreativity;skillslikeimagination,problem-findingandproblem-solving,teamwork,optimism,patienceandtheabilitytoexperimentandtakerisks.TheseareskillsacquiredwhenkidstinkerHigh-techindustriessuchasNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryhavefoundthattheirbestoverallproblemsolversweremastertinkererstheiryouth.Therearecognitivebenefitsofdoingthingsthewaywedidaschildren—buildingsomething,tearingitdown,thenbuilding,itupagain.Researchshowsthatgiven15minutesoffreepay,four-andfive-year-oldswillspendahidofthistimeengagedinspatial,mathematical，andarchitecturalactivities.Thistypeofplay —especialwithbuildingblocks--helps discoveranddevelopkeyprinciplesinmathandgeometry.Ifplayandbuildingarecritical1o2lstcenturyskilldevelopment,that’sreallygoodnewstworeasons:Childrenarebornbuilders,makers,andcreators,sofostering(培養(yǎng)2lst-centaryskillsmaybeassimpleasgivingkidsroomtoplay,tinkerandtrythingout,evenastheygrowolder,Secondly,itdoesn'ttake21st-centurytechnologytofoster2lst-centuryskills.Thisisespeciallyimportantforunder-resourcedschoolsandcommunities.Takingwhatevermaterialsarehandyandtinkeringwiththemisasimplewaytoengagethoseimportant “maker”skills.anyone,anywhere.candoit.Whatdocstheauthorsayabouteducators?Theyseekadvicefromtechnologycompaniestoachieveteachinggoals.Theyhavebeensuccessfulinpreparingtheworkforceforcompanies.Theyhelpstudentsacquiretheskillsneededfortheirfuturesuccess.Theypartnerwithtechnologycompaniestoenhanceteachingefficiency.Howcaneducatorsbetterdevelopstudents’STEMskills,accordingtotheauthor?Byblendingthemwithtraditional,stimulatingactivities.Byinvitingbusinessleaderstohelpdesigncurriculums.Byenhancingstudents’abilitytothinkinacriticalway.Byshowingstudentsthebestwaytolearnisthroughplay.Howdochildrenacquiretheskillsneededforthe21stcentury?Byengaginginactivitiesinvolvingspecifictechnologies.Byplayingwiththingstosolveproblemsontheirown.Byfamiliarizingthemselveswithhigh-techgadgets.Bymasteringbasicprinciplesthroughteamwork.Whatcanwedotohelpchildrenlearnthebasicsofmathandgeometry?Stimulatetheirinterestasearlyaspossible.Spendmoretimeplayinggameswiththem.Encouragethemtomakethingswithhands.Allowthemtotinkerfreelywithcalculators.Whatdoestheauthoradvisedisadvantagedschoolsandcommunitiestodo?Trainstudentstobemakerstomeetfuturemarketdemands.Developstudents’creativeskillswiththeresourcesavailable.Engagestudentswithchallengingtaskstofostertheircreativity.Worktogetherwithcompaniestoimprovetheirteachingfacilities.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beinganinformationtechnology,orIT,workerisnotajobIenvy.Theyaretheoneswho,rightinthemiddleofacriticalmeeting,areexpectedtoinstantlyfixtheprojectorthat’snoworking.Theyhavetotoleratethebadtempersofcolleaguesfrustratedatthenumberoftimesthey'vehadtocallthehelpdeskforthesameissue.Theyarealsotheoneswhoknowtherearesystemsthataremorepowerful,reliableandfaster,buttheiremployersimplywillnotputupthefundstobuythem.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,employeeswhohaveajobreliantonITsupportconsiderITmajorsourceofjobdissatisfaction.Throughnofaultoftheyown,theycansuddenlyfindtheirproductivitydeterioratingorqualitycontrolnon-existent.Andthere’slittletheycandoaboutit.TheexperienceofusingITpenetratesalmosttheentireworkfield.Ithasbecomeacrucialpartofemployees’ overallwork experience.WhenITisoperatingas itshould,employeeself-confidenceswells.Theirjobsatisfaction,too,cansurgewhenwell-functioning relievethemofdulltasksorrepetitiveprocesses.Butifthere’sonethingthattriggerswidespreademployeefrustration,it’sanITtransformationprojectgonewrong, whereswollenhavebeenpoppedandalonglistofpromisedefficiencieshavebeenreversed.ThisoccurswhenbusinessleadersimplementITinitiativeswithlittleconsideration ofhowthose changesimpacttheenduser.WhichiswhymanagersshouldappreciatejusthowinfluentialtheITuserexperienceistotheiremployees,andexertsubstantialeffortinensuringtheirIT teameliminatesprogrammingerrorsandapplicationcrashes.AdequateandtimelyITsupportshouldalsobeavailabletoenableuserstocopewithtechnologicalissuesatwork.Moreimportantly, ITpractitionersneed understandwhatemployeesexperiencementallywhenheyuseIT.Therefore,businessesneedtosetuptheirITinfrastructuresothatitisdesignedtofitintheiremployees’work,ratherthanadjusttheirwoktofitinwiththecompany’sITlimitations.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkinginA)Itisenviedbymany.B)Itdoesnotappealtohim.CItisfinanciallyrewarding.D)Itdoesnotmatchhisabilities.Whatisthefindingofarecentsurveyonemployeeswhohaveajobreliantonsupport?IThelpsboostproductivity.IThelpsimprovequalitycontrol.ManyemployeesaredeeplyfrustratedbyIT.MostemployeesrelyheavilyonITintheirwork.WhatissaidtohappenwhenITisfunctioningproperly?Thereisabigboostinemployees’workefficiency.Employeesbecomemoredependentonmachines.Therearenolongeranyboringorrepetitivetasks.Employeesbecomemoreconfidentintheirwork.WhatshouldbusinessleadersdobeforeimplementingnewITinitiatives?Considerthevariousexpectationsoftheircustomers.Drawupalistoftheefficienciestobepromised.Assesstheswollencostoftrainingtheemployees.Thinkaboutthepossibleeffectsontheiremployees.Howc