高中英語人教版Unit4Globalwarming 單元綜合測評

單元綜合測評(四)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共10小題；每小題分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。AImaginebeinggiventheopportunitytowakeuptolions，eatyourmealswithmonkeys，andevenshareyourbathwithbears，allfromthecomfortofauniquenewlodgingexperience.TheJamalaWildlifeLodgeopeneditsdoorsinJanuary2023，whichwassetupinanefforttoeducatevisitorsaboutaidingthesurvivalofmanyoftheworld'sendangeredspecies.“It'sgreatfortheanimals；they'regoingtogetmore'sgreatfortheviewingpublic；they'regoingtogetmorethingstowillbegreatfortourismandjustforthelocalcommunity，”SaidRichardTindale，theownerandoperator.SpreadingacrossthreelocationsintheNationalZoo，the18rooms，whichrangefromgiraffetreehousestojunglebungalows，offerafantasticexperiencewithwildlife.TheGiraffeTreehouseTheGiraffeTreehouseissetamongthegiraffeenclosures(圍場)，andtheJungleBungalowsareluxuriousindividualsuiteswhicharenexttoeitherlion，cheetah(獵豹)，brownbear，orMalaysiansunbearenclosures.TheUshakaHouseHousingupto26people，theUshakaHouseisbuiltaroundthemonkeyenclosureandhasabuilt-inaquariumwhichoffersprivateviewsofsomeofthezoo'ssharks.TheBurleyGriffinHouseOnlymetersfromtheedgeofLakeBurleyGriffin，theindoorandoutdoorentertainingareashavesplendidviewsacrossthelaketoBlackMountain.TheSharkHouseTheSharkHousehasitsownlittlejetty(碼頭)anditcomesoutoverthesharktankhereandsothepeoplewhostayintheroomwillbeabletogototheirbedroomandpattheshark.LocationLocatedintheheartofAustralia'spoliticalcapital，theJamalaWildlifeLodgeattheNationalZooandAquariumisjusttenminutesfromCanberra'scentralBusinessDistrict.1．Whatcan'tbeseenattheJamalaWildlifeLodge?A．Sharks. B．Lions.C．Monkeys. D．Polarbear.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五、六段的內(nèi)容可知，在澳大利亞加馬拉野生動物旅館可以看到鯊魚、獅子、猴子和棕熊，但沒有提到北極熊，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿2.IfatouristwantstovisitLakeBurleyGriffin，he'dbetterchoose．A．TheGiraffeTreehouseB．TheUshakaHouseC．TheBurleyGriffinHouseD．TheSharkHouse【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文中第七段“OnlymetersfromtheedgeofLakeBurleyGriffin...”可知答案，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾3．Thepurposeofwritingthepassageisto．A．a(chǎn)ttractmoretouriststovisittheNationalZoo.B．introducetheJamalaWildlifeLodgeinAustraliaC．raisepeople'sawarenessofprotectinganimalsD．offervisitorsanopportunitytoplaywithsharks【解析】推理判斷題。全文對澳大利亞加馬拉野生動物旅館作了一個簡要介紹，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽BAfteryearsofstudy，Ihaveknownthereareonlytwotypesofpeopleinthisworld：thosewhogettotheairportearlyandthosewhoarriveastheplaneisabouttotakeoff.Iftherewereanyjusticeinthisworld，theearly-airportpeoplewouldberewardedfordoingtherightthingandthelate-airportpeoplewouldbetheearly-airportpeoplegetulcers(潰瘍)，heartattacksandbitetheirfinger-nailstothebone(急得團團轉(zhuǎn))．Thelate-airportpeoplearehardlyawarethattheyareflying.Aguyofthatkindoncesaid，“Don'tyoumissyourflight，it'sbecauseGoddidn'twantyoutogo.”Thisisclearlyaguywhoisnevergoingtogetanulcer.Early-airportpeoplesufferanother“name”．Theyarecalledexactlywhattheyare—wimps(懦夫)．IknowIamanearly-airportpersonforluggagewillgetontheplanefirst，whichmakesitthelastluggagetheytakeofftheplaneafterlanding.Anotherstrangething：NomatterhowearlyIshowedup，IwasalwaystoldthatsomeonehadcalledtwoorthreeyearsaheadofmeandaskedforthebestfigureditwasafiguredtherewassomeoneinAmericawhocalledeveryairlineeverydayandsaid，“IsthatwimpSimonflyingsomewheretoday？Ifheis，givemehisseat.”AfteralifetimearguingwithmywifeoverwhetherIreallyhavetopack24hoursinadvanceandsetthealarmclockfourhoursahead，Ihavelearnedanotherfactaboutearly-airportpeopleandlate-airportpeople：Theyalwaysmarryeachother.4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat．A．late-airportpersonsoftengetulcersorheartattacksB．early-airportpersonsarealwaysrelaxedduringtheflightC．early-airportpersonsgettheirluggagefirstafterlandingD．late-airportpersonsalwaystakethingseasy【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段及第三段所舉事例可知，晚到機場的人總是沉得住氣，不慌不忙，故選D。從第二段第二句可知A項和B項錯；從第四段最后一句可知C項錯?！敬鸢浮緿5．Itcouldbeinferredthatthewriter'swifeis．A．a(chǎn)nearly-airportwomanB．a(chǎn)late-airportwomanC．a(chǎn)hot-temperedwomanD．a(chǎn)fascinatingwoman【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知作者屬于“早到機場的人?！蔽恼碌慕Y(jié)尾提到了作者的另一個發(fā)現(xiàn)：早到機場的人總是與晚到機場的人結(jié)婚。由此，可推知作者的妻子屬于“晚到機場的人”，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽6．Thewritingstyleofthepassagewouldbebestdescribedas．A．serious B．simpleC．humorous D．indifferent【解析】推理判斷題。綜觀全文，作者的寫作風(fēng)格詼諧幽默，妙趣橫生，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾C(2023·江蘇高考)ElNi?o，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanycountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheystudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextratotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinmulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o，in1997-98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundthesuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscantotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofsewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineaftertoapaperin2023byandcoauthors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthetherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingthepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的由來以及它對人們生活的影響。文章根據(jù)ODI對20年救災(zāi)資金的投向的分析，得出防災(zāi)重于救災(zāi)的結(jié)論，這也是作者寫此文的目的。文章最后提出防止厄爾尼諾帶來次生災(zāi)害的措施。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第一句．..aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”．..SouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears...可知，“厄爾尼諾”是西班牙語的譯音，原意是“神童”或“圣明之子”，是由很早就注意海洋與天氣的關(guān)系的南美洲的漁民命名的，所以D項“它能體現(xiàn)大洋中潮流方向的改變”為正確選項。根據(jù)首段第一句可知南美洲的漁民發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一現(xiàn)象，而非“某個漁民”，故A項錯誤；B項是常識性錯誤；C項恰好與文章內(nèi)容相反?！敬鸢浮緿8．WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheylose.可知，富裕國家因厄爾尼諾而得到的東西要比它們失去的多。由此可鎖定正確答案為C?！敬鸢浮緾9．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat．A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段ODI提供的數(shù)據(jù)可知，在過去的20年中只有12%的救災(zāi)資金投入到提前預(yù)防方面，顯然投入比例較??；再聯(lián)系第四段最后一句．..thatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.(……在預(yù)防災(zāi)害方面花一美元就能在災(zāi)后重建方面至少省兩美元)可知正確答案為A?！敬鸢浮緼10．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.【解析】主旨大意題。文章從第四段ODI的數(shù)據(jù)分析和第五段如何防止厄爾尼諾帶來次生災(zāi)害這兩個方面，鼓勵人們以正向心態(tài)積極應(yīng)對厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象。A項與B項都屬范圍太??；C項偏離主題。厄爾尼諾本身是一種自然現(xiàn)象，人們可以研究如何利用它，而不是去違背它?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅱ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號：33100049】(2023·山東聊城一中高二模擬)Whatwillyoudoifyoucan'teateverythingboughtinthecanteen?11Accordingtoasurvey，whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople.12AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency，thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear，whichcouldfeed200millionpeople.Foodwaste，whichhasbecomeaglobalissue，servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissuesindifferenttheWest，forinstance，consumerism，thebeliefthatit'sagoodthingtousealotofgoodsandservices，isoftentoblameforfoodwaste.13Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthecampus，agenerationofsinglechildrenislessawareofthefoodwastenowadaysarewellprotectedbytheirfamiliesandhardlyhaveanyconceptofhowmuchtoil(辛勞)othersgothroughinordertoprovidethemwiththefoodtheyeat.14Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld，mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesanddon'thaveenoughfoodtochildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyearinsomeAfricanfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.15It'salsoimportantthateveryoneshouldthinkabouthowtheycandotheirbittoreducefoodwaste.A．Students'wasteisextremelyserious.B．China，inturn，featuresitsowneatingculture.C．Studentscanneverrealizetheseriousfoodcrisis.D．Comparedwiththem，someliveinadifferentworld.E．Butcanteenwasteismerelythetipoftheiceberg.F．Sothere'snoexcusethatweshouldwasteourfood.G．Mostofuswouldsimplythrowawayanyleftoverfood.11．【解析】根據(jù)第二行“whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople”可知，學(xué)生們會把吃不完的飯菜倒掉，由此造成的浪費能夠養(yǎng)活一千多萬人，故選G?！敬鸢浮縂12．【解析】根據(jù)“thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear，whichcouldfeed200millionpeople”可知，中國人浪費掉的糧食能夠養(yǎng)活兩億人，說明食堂的浪費現(xiàn)象只是冰山一角，故選E。【答案】E13．【解析】根據(jù)本段首句“Foodwaste...servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissues”和“Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefood.”可知，食物浪費現(xiàn)象反映一個國家的飲食文化和習(xí)慣，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽14．【解析】根據(jù)“Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld，mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesandareas.”可知，本段講的是處于饑餓中的人們，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿15．【解析】根據(jù)“Manychildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyear...Andfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.”可知，世界其它地方的孩子因饑餓而死，而且農(nóng)民種糧食很辛苦，因此我們沒有理由浪費糧食，每個人都應(yīng)該想一想該怎樣減少食物浪費，故選F。【答案】FⅢ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入的空白處的最佳選項。Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappinessbutwhattheygotwasonlyannoyance，griefandmisery.Sothey16Socratesforadviceonwherehappiness17．But18givinganyanswers，Socratesaskedthemtohelpwithbuildinga19groupofguyshadto20thetask，layingasidetheirownbusinessofseekingtookthemalongtimetocutdownatalltree，gougingout(挖空)thepainstakingeffort，theymadeacanoeoutofthelaunchedthecanoeintoariver，andthen21togetherinit，singingwith22．Socratesasked，“Mychildren，doyouhavehappinessnow？”Theyansweredinchorus:“We23behappier！”Socrates24，“That'sit!25youaretoobusypursuingsomethingtonoticeanythingbitter，happinesswilloccur.”FromthestoryIgottoknowthathappiness26hidesbehindeverytinythingthatyouareinvolvedin，andthatyoumayonlygetpleasurethrough27workandcreativity.Wemayhaveto28paininourdailylifeandintheprocessof29wetendtolookforhappinessin30things，likeanewcar，clothes，longtermhappiness，however，comesfromwithinour31andwhynotturnsufferinginto32life，and33tearsintothelightinyourheart?Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeitthroughandfindtruehappiness.Somydearfriends，justrememberhappinessisastateofmindandamatterof34，andI35youallalifeofhappiness.16．to B．stucktoC．belongedto D．turnedto【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知他們遇到困難了前去找人求助，turntosb.foradvice“轉(zhuǎn)向某人求助”，所選D。【答案】D17． B．layC．stood D．laid【解析】根據(jù)情理可知他們找不到幸福，于是去問蘇格拉底幸福在哪里?！敬鸢浮緽18．from B．otherthanC．insteadof D．incaseof【解析】從轉(zhuǎn)折詞But可以判斷蘇格拉底沒告訴他們答案，而是讓他們?nèi)ジ苫?，所以選C?！敬鸢浮緾19． B．roomC．bridge D．hospital【解析】根據(jù)下文“Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver，”可知蘇格拉底讓他們造的是一艘小船，選A。【答案】A20．down B．setaboutC．setout D．setup【解析】根據(jù)詞義搭配可知此處指他們不得不開始干活，答案選B?！敬鸢浮緽21． B．stoodC．rowed D．made【解析】根據(jù)前句“Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver，”可以判斷他們坐到船里去劃船，選C?！敬鸢浮緾22． B．joyC．a(chǎn)ppointment D．hope【解析】根據(jù)空前詞singing可以判斷他們是開心地唱歌，選B?！敬鸢浮緽23．'t B．shouldn'tC．needn't D．couldn't【解析】根據(jù)上文可知他們非常開心，所以此處是否定詞和比較級連用來表示最高級的意思，句意：我們再開心不過了?！敬鸢浮緿24． B．saidC．a(chǎn)nnounced D．a(chǎn)dded【解析】由語境可知那些人說完后，蘇格拉底又接著說，所以是補充說，選D。【答案】D25． B．WheneverC．Until D．However【解析】根據(jù)前后兩個句子的關(guān)系可知此處指時間，句意：當(dāng)你們忙著追求一個目標(biāo)而注意不到有痛苦，困苦存在的時候，幸福就會出現(xiàn)。選B?！敬鸢浮緽26． B．a(chǎn)lwaysC．ever D．seldom【解析】根據(jù)情理可知作者認(rèn)為幸?？偸请[藏在每個小事的背后，答案選B。【答案】B27． B．limitC．hard D．effective【解析】從上述故事可知人們只有在經(jīng)歷困苦之后，才會有收獲的喜悅和快樂，所以選C?！敬鸢浮緾28． B．escapeC．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．delay【解析】文中講述的故事是蘇格拉底告訴人們要在經(jīng)歷了艱難困苦之后才會體會到幸福，所以選A?！敬鸢浮緼29． B．searchingC．creating D．improving【解析】根據(jù)文章首句“Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappiness”以及故事內(nèi)容可知作者指的是在尋找幸福的過程中，searchsth./sb.意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，所以答案選A?！敬鸢浮緼30． B．goodC．fresh D．material【解析】根據(jù)后面列舉的事物可知這是物質(zhì)追求，所以選D。【答案】D31． B．brainC．soul D．heart【解析】從however判斷此處指與前面所提到的物質(zhì)追求是相反的，而且由and也可斷定此空和spirit是同類的名詞，所以選C。【答案】C32． B．praisingC．criticizing D．a(chǎn)ccusing【解析】根據(jù)下文“tearsintothelightinyourheart”可知此處強調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變心態(tài)，把消極情緒變?yōu)榉e極情緒，選項中praising是褒義詞，所以選B?！敬鸢浮緽33． B．putC．divide D．draw【解析】根據(jù)前句“whynotturnsufferingintolife”可以判斷此處填turn，選A。【答案】A34． B．energyC．fact D．choice【解析】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知幸福是一種心態(tài)，人們可以選擇去感受快樂，感激生活，所以答案選D?！敬鸢浮緿35． B．wishC．take D．demand【解析】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知此處指作者的一種祝愿，句意：幸福是一種心態(tài)，是一件可以選擇的事情，祝福你們所有的人幸福一生?！敬鸢浮緽Ⅳ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostcities，wherepeopleareabletomakefulluseoftherapidly-developedInternet，canwefindaperson36.hasnotexperiencedonlineshopping?Definitelynot.Onlineshopping37.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovarioustheperspectiveofconsumers，itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon'thavemuchspareclickthemouse，theycangetwhatevertheywantwhile38.(stay)attheretailers，itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon'thavemuchcirculating.(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode，theydon'thavetospendmoneyinrentinga.，therearestillsomedisadvantagesinonline，aface-to-facedealmakesonlineshoppingless41.(rely)and，peoplewilllose42.funofbargaining.43．isundeniablethatshoppingontheInternethasbecomeatrendinmodern'sofgreaturgencythatweneedtomaketherelativelawsaccordingtotherapid44.(grow)ofonlineinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand45.(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.36．【解析】person后面跟的是定語從句，從句中缺少主語，且先行詞指人，應(yīng)用who或者that引導(dǎo)?！敬鸢浮縲ho/that37．【解析】welcome和主語onlineshopping之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。【答案】iswelcomed38．【解析】此處是省略，stay與they為主動關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮縮taying39．【解析】comparedwith與……相比?！敬鸢浮緾ompared40．【解析】上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且空后面有逗號，應(yīng)用however?！敬鸢浮縃owever41．【解析】此處是“make＋復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)，由句意“面對面的交易使網(wǎng)上購物不那么可信?！笨芍?，應(yīng)用形容詞作賓語補足語?！敬鸢浮縭eliable42．【解析】此處是特指“討價還價的樂趣”。特指加定冠詞the?！敬鸢浮縯he43．【解析】句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句?！敬鸢浮縄t44．【解析】形容詞修飾后面名詞?！敬鸢浮縢rowth45．【解析】convenience和pleasure是并列關(guān)系，作enjoy的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞?！敬鸢浮縞onvenienceⅤ.完成句子(滿分20分；每小題2分，共10小題)46．毫無疑問，近視在我國年輕人中是一個嚴(yán)重的問題。nearsightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.47．你知道“土豪”這個詞什么時候出現(xiàn)的嗎？Doyouknowwhentheword“Tuhao”？48．這個博物館竣工后將于明年向公眾開放。，themuseumwillbeopenedtothepublicnextyear.49．要是沒有空氣，地球上則不會有生命。Withoutair，noairontheearth.50．麻煩在于哪里能找到這么多的小船。Thetroubleliesinsomanyboats.51．你最好坐出租車，否