上課用高考英語完形填空講解示范課課件

完形填空專練WELCOMEHowtodoclozetests?高考總體要求

完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語言知識、閱讀理解能力和總體語言水平。解題過程是對語篇中的缺失信息進行猜測、推斷、驗證的過程，通常我們可以借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知識等進行解題。BriefintroductionDiscussion:Whatareyourmethodsofdoingclozetests?英語完形填空解題步驟1.速覽全文，把握大意。

做完形填空必須讀懂文章，前后邏輯一致；完形填空每個小題的正確答案都是有充分根據(jù)的，可以在文章匯總找到具體的突破口也就是信息點。解題時應(yīng)聯(lián)系上下文尋找相關(guān)線索，如某一個詞的原詞、指代詞、同義詞、近義詞、上義詞、下義詞和概括詞等。≈2mins≈10mins≈2mins≈1mins2.細讀首句，摸清文路。4.復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。3.瞻前顧后，準確選擇。Fourmethods(四種常用的方法)：1、context上下文語境2、worddistinctionsorcollocations

詞語辨析和固定搭配3、informationgiveninthepassage利用文章中的信息（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等）4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense文化背景和常識TheskillsoffinishingCloze?Whatdowelearntoday?Skill1:Choosingby上下文、語境Skill2:

Choosingby邏輯推理Skill3:Choosingby

詞語辨析和固定搭配Skill4:Choosingby語法分析Skill5:Choosingby文化背景和常識Skill1:Choosingbycontext(上下文、語境)eg.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesight1)Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.C2)Theycan’tlistentomusicornewsovertheradio,buttheycanreadwithglasses.3)Theycan’twalkoutside,buttheycanwatchTVorlistentomusicornewsovertheradioathome.ABeg4.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very____.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous

Skill1:Choosingbycontext(上下文、語境)eg1.Whenwetalked,Idiscovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle____thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.

A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later√Skill2：logic（邏輯推理）eg2.Mymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”

Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans，soIsaid．“My________，Mommy．”Shesaid，“No．Manypeoplearedeaf（聾的）…A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head√eg1.Atthismoment,theairhostess

1.Shelookedpale,butwasquite2.

1.A.showedB.presentedC.exposedD.appeared

2.A.wellB.stillC.calmD.quietVt.Vt.Vt.ViSkill3:Choosingby

meaningsofwordsandexpressions(詞匯和短語用法)eg2.Inthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea__thatman.A.withB.toC.asD.ofthesame。Skill4:Choosingbygrammar(語法分析)eg1.…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange____quitepleasanttaste.

A.beside

B.butC.andD.or

。

eg1.Iturnedthekeyinthelockand_____thedooropen.knockedB.forcedC.pushedD.triedeg2.Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof______ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswiminswimmingpools.A.allB.noneC.someD.bothSkill5:Choosingbycommonsense(常識)eg3.(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿＿＿hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest

1、Informationgiveninthepassage利用文章中的信息(原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等）(1)MissBrownsaid,“MayI

17(correct)

asmallmistakethatyoumade,MissDike?Columbuscrossedthe18

inthe15th,notthe16thcentury.He

19(discovered)

Americain1492.SirFrancisDrakewasagreatsailorinthe16thcentury.You

20(mighthavecrossed)

theAtlanticoceanwithhim.A.PacificB.IndianC.ArcticD.Atlantic(2)IrememberasachildIsaidsomething

40

aboutsomebody,andmyfathersaid,“Anytimeyousaysomething

unpleasant

aboutsomebodyelse,it’sareflectionofyou.”(NMET2005山東)A.unkind

B.unnecessaryC.unimportantD.unusual(3)Apparently,althoughnoonewantstobe

51

allthetime,everyoneneedssomedegreeofprivacy.2007上海）A.noisy

B.alone

C.personal

D.sociableDAB2、Worddistinctionsorcollocations詞語辨析和固定搭配(1)ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschool.Itisoneoftheir

4(subjects)

.ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis5(useful)

intheirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish6(for)

theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare

7English.A.inB.withC.atD.of(2)Withsuchacreditcard,youcantravelandentertainwhenandwhereyou

15(want)

.Theworld’sleadinghotels,motelsandresorts（勝地）welcometheCard.Youcanchargenearlyeverything,includinggolfandtennis16.A.moneyB.faresC.ticketsD.feesAD3、Context上下文語境(1)TheancientGreekswereveryinterestedinthenatureoftheworldaroundthemandputforwardmanyinterestingtheoriestoexplainthings.Sometimestheywereright,

1

veryoftentheywerewrong.A.andB.soC.butD.for(2)Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriend’shomeorinarestaurantthantheyareatyourownhome?Probablyso,1(because)

youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.Youtakespecialpainswhenyouareeating2.(2005上海)

A.inpublicB.athomeC.ateaseD.inahurryCA4、Culturalbackgroundandcommonsense文化背景和常識(1)…themotherwasholdingtheirbabydaughter,Ally.Thelittlegirlhadsomefoodstuckinherthroat,andcouldhardlybreathe.Mr.Whitedrovethemto

.Theambulancewasrunningveryfastalongtheroad.A.thebesthospital B.thebiggesthospitalC.thenearesthospitalD.theChildren’sHospital(2)PeopleofBurhngtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe26havemadeuptheirmindsto27(ring)thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest（抗議）againstheavytruckswhichrun28(dayandnight)throughthenarrowHighStreet.(NMET1999)

A.collegeB.villageC.townD.church

CDStep3Readthepassageagainand

checktheanswers.（將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查）

Tips:1、thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate（時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂語在上下文的中是否一致）2、grammarandcollocations（語法和習(xí)慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否邏輯上一致）3、theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4、themeaningofthewholepassage（整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理）

Step1

Skip(跳讀)thepassagetoget

thegeneralidea

andpayattentionto

thefirstsentence.Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進入語境）Skipthefollowingpassageandtrytogetthegeneralideaofit.

ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreasesincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathand,areprovidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorebabiesinthe21stcentury.

AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1cashencouragement,somewomenjustdon’twanttobe

2holdingthebaby.“Whatweknowisthatit’sgoodforthe3ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren”saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4

Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n)5dayoffwork.

Expertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployers

6togiveyoungwomenthepermanent（永久的）jobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(產(chǎn)假).InJanuary,Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonths’paidleave,withawarming:useitor7it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8

tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse.“It’snotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace,”hesays.“Butit’sgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan

9arelationship.”InNorway,a(n)10policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.(2004上海卷）

Generalidea:InEuropeancountries,thebirthratehasdecreased.Sothegovernmentsaretakingmeasurestoencourageparentstocreatemorebabies.Step2

Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusing

some

methods.

在把握語篇大意的基礎(chǔ)上，借助于一些恰當?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案。TheskillsoffinishingCloze?Whatdowelearntoday?Skill1:Choosingby上下文、語境Skill2:

Choosingby邏輯推理Skill3:Choosingby詞匯和短語用法Skill4:Choosingby語法分析Skill5:Choosingby常識完形填空四利用：1.利用復(fù)現(xiàn)或同類的詞匯答題。2.利用前后文的對仗關(guān)系。3.利用上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。4.生活常識。完形填空三忌：忌不看首句，直奔空格處作答。忌當做語法填空來做。完形填空很多選項必須根據(jù)上下文才能選出，不是孤立的看本句話。忌先入為主，一氣呵成。做題時先填把握的空格，對不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回頭看才會獲得答案。

Themorewepractice,theeasieritwillbe!Clozeisinteresting,thoughdifficult.Step1

Skipthepassagetoget

thegeneralidea

andpayattentionto

thefirstsentence.（跳讀掌握大意，注意首句）Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusing

somemethods.（借助于一些恰當?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案）Step3

Readthepassageagainand

checktheanswers.（復(fù)讀檢查）ThreestepsSumup（總結(jié)）1、context上下文語境2、worddistinctionsorcollocations

詞語辨析和固定搭配3、informationgiveninthepassage

利用文章中的信息（原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等）4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense

文化背景和常識Fourmethods

Doaclozetestandthinkaboutthemethods.

ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreasesincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathand,areprovidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorebabiesinthe21stcentury.AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1cashencouragement,somewomenjustdon’twanttobe

2

holdingthebaby.“Whatweknowisthatit’sgoodforthe3ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren”saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n)5

dayoffwork.ExpertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployersA

BACD

6togiveyoungwomenthepermanent（永久的）jobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(產(chǎn)假).InJanuary.Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonths’paidleave,withawarming:useitor7it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse.“It’snotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace,”hesays.“Butit’sgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan9

arelationship.”InNorway,a(n)10

policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.DDCBBHowmanymethodsareusedwhenyoudothiscloze?Discuss:ThebirthrateinEuropehasbeeninasteadydecreassincethe1960s.Europeancountries,realizingcrisisisathand,areprovidinggreatencouragementforparentstocreatemorebabiesinthe21stcentury.AffairsMinistryconcludedlastyearthat,1(in

spiteof)cashencouragement,somewomenjustdon’twanttobe2(left)holdingthebaby.“Whatweknowisthatit’sgoodforthe3(birth-rate)

ifmenandwomensharetheburdenofhavingchildren”saysSorenKindlund,familypolicyadviserattheSwedishministry.4(Eventhough)

Swedishparentscantaketheirpaidleaveastheywish,menuseamere12%ofit;60%offathersdonottakeevena(n)5

(single)

dayoffwork.Expertsfearthatthetendencyforwomentousemostoftheparentalleavecouldmakeemployerscontext(上下文)worddistinctions(詞語辨析)informationgiveninthepassage(原詞復(fù)現(xiàn))context(上下文)collocations(固定搭配)6(reluctant)togiveyoungwomenthepermanent（永久的）jobstheyneedtoqualifyforpaidmaternityleave(產(chǎn)假).InJanuary.Swedendecidedtoallownewfatherstwomonths’paidleave,withawarming:useitor7(lose)it.Kindlundadmitsthatmenareunder8(pressure)

tostayatwork,eventhoughparentalpaycomesoutofthepublicpurse.“It’snotpopularamongbossesandperhapswithothermenintheworkplace,”hesays.“Butit’sgoodforthefatherandforthechildiftheycan9(buildup)arelationship.”InNorway,a(n)10(similar)

policyhasworkedwonders.70%ofdadsinNorwaynowtakeparentalleave,andthebirthrateof1.85childrenperwomanisoneofthehighestinEurope.context(上下文)context(上下文)context(上下文)worddistinctions(詞語辨析)context(上下文)Homework

Dotheclozetestsonthepaper.Herearesome

Basicskillsof

clozeSkill1:Choosingbycontext(上下文、語境)eg.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesight1)Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.C2)Theycan’tlistentomusicornewsovertheradio,buttheycanreadwithglasses.3)Theycan’twalkoutside,buttheycanwatchTVorlistentomusicornewsovertheradioathome.ABeg2.Waittillyouaremore_____.

A.relaxedB.satisfiedC.certain1)It’sbettertobesurethansorry.C2)I’llimproveitoncemore.B3)Orelseyou’llbemorenervousonthestage.Aeg3.Traveling____,todaybecomesyesterday;travelingwestitistomorrow.A.southB.eastC.northD.westeg4.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very____.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerouseg1.Whenwetalked,Idiscovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle____thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.

A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later√Skill2：logic（邏輯推理）eg2.Mymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”

Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans，soIsaid．“My________，Mommy．”Shesaid，“No．Manypeoplearedeaf（聾的）…A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head√eg1.Atthismoment,theairhostess

1.Sh