高中英語外研版Module5Cloning module5sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虛擬語氣(Ⅰ)閱讀下列句子，體會黑體部分的用法1．Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment,wouldyouallowcloning?2．Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.3．lfitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved.4．HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.5．Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.6．ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.7．Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.8．Shewasn'tfeelingshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法情況從句謂語動詞主句謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去時(be動詞用were)would/should/could/might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反過去完成時would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞與將來事實相反一般過去時(be用were)should＋動詞原形wereto＋動詞原形would/should/could/might＋動詞原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtakethebeautifuldressformydaughter.如果我的錢足夠的話，我就會為女兒買下這件漂亮的禮服。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果早點(diǎn)起床，你就會趕上火車了。(與過去事實相反)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.如果明天下雨的話，我們就得推遲運(yùn)動會。(與將來事實相反)二、虛擬條件的三種特殊形式1．省略if的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句中若含有were,had或should，可以把if省略，把were，had或should提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。不可把否定的縮略形式一起置于句首。WereitSundaytomorrow,wewouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日，我們就能去長城了。HadItakenmyfather'ssuggestion,Iwouldhavedoneitbetter.如果聽從了父親的建議，我會做得更好。Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.如果明天下雨，運(yùn)動會會被推遲。Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.若不是費(fèi)用的問題，我現(xiàn)在就出國了。2．錯綜時間條件句在虛擬語氣中，條件從句中的謂語可以和主句中的謂語發(fā)生時間不一致，這時從句和主句要根據(jù)各自所發(fā)生的時間選用符合具體時間的虛擬語氣形式。Ifyouhadpreparedinadvance,youwouldn'tbeinsuchanawkwardpositionnow.如果你事先做好準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在就不至于那么被動。(從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.如果我是你，我昨天就去參加他的生日宴會了。(從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去)3．含蓄虛擬條件句有時假設(shè)的情況不是以if條件從句表示，而是通過其他形式表現(xiàn)出來，這種從句被稱作含蓄虛擬條件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用butfor,without等介詞(短語)表示條件。Butfortherain，weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨，我們會有一次愉快的旅行。(2)用連詞otherwise,or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。Therewasatrafficjamontheway,otherwise,Iwouldhavearrivedanhourago.路上堵車，要不然我一小時前就到了。(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來，but前面為虛擬語氣，后面為真實情況。Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.我本該多幫幫你，但我太忙了。三、虛擬語氣用于wish后的賓語從句在wish后的賓語從句中，常常表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句中通常用虛擬語氣，意為“可惜……”、“……就好了”、“悔不該……”。1．對現(xiàn)在的情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞一般用were)。2．對過去情況的虛擬，從句中謂語動詞常用had＋過去分詞。3．對將來的主觀愿望，從句中謂語動詞常用would/could/might＋動詞原形。Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.我們今天去海邊就好了。Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.我們要是早到那里兩個小時就好了。Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.但愿明天天氣晴朗。四、其他幾種虛擬語氣1．It's(high/right)time＋that...句式謂語動詞用動詞過去式或should＋動詞原形，其中should不能省略，be動詞用were。表示“現(xiàn)在該……”。It'stimethatyouhadahaircut.你該理發(fā)了。It'shightimethatweshouldtakesomeaction.我們該采取一些行動了。2．wouldrather虛擬語氣從句wouldrather意為“寧愿……”。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾吹脑竿麜r，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反的愿望時，句子謂語動詞用過去完成時。I'dratheryoupaidmenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就付給我錢。Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.我寧愿他們明天來。I'drathershehadn'tdonethat.我寧愿她沒做那件事。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．IfIhadenoughmoneynow,I(buy)acar.2．Ifwe(drive)inturn,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.3．Ifit(snow)tomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.4．Ifyou(nowatch)TVyesterday,you(notbe)sleepynow.5．Iwasillthat,I(take)partinthesportsmeeting.【答案】buydriventosnow'twatched；wouldn'tbehavetakenⅡ.單句改錯1．Wereitraintomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbepostponed.2．IfIhadhadtime，IwouldhavegonetothepartywithIamverybusy.3．Withoutyourhelp，thechildwouldn'tputupthepictureonthewalljustnow.4．IwishIvisitedthecitybefore.5．It'stimethatyougotoschool.【答案】前加to→was前加have前加had→went關(guān)于正反觀點(diǎn)的議論文正反觀點(diǎn)類議論文針對一些社會熱門話題或貼近生活的話題為內(nèi)容展開討論，并表明自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。寫正反觀點(diǎn)對比類作文應(yīng)注意下列事項：1．結(jié)構(gòu)：寫此類作文時，一般采用三段式。首先提出問題，即點(diǎn)明人們在什么問題上持有不同的觀點(diǎn)，其次要對比陳述不同的觀點(diǎn)和理由，最后就是要根據(jù)題目要求恰當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鲆幌伦约旱挠^點(diǎn)和理由，最好不要重復(fù)前面談到的理由。2．語言：所用時態(tài)多為一般現(xiàn)在時。中心人稱是第三人稱。行文時要注意就事論事，對比要點(diǎn)要清晰完整，一目了然。3．行文：文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系由過渡性詞和短語來完成，在修辭中稱為“起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”?！捌稹本褪情_頭，“承”就是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”是綜合或總結(jié)。[亮點(diǎn)句式]1．Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson.../Viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.2．Opinionsarevariousonthismatter.3．Everythinghastwoaspects./Everycoinhastwosides.4．Somepeoplethinkthat...，whereasothersarguethat...5．Itisknowntousallthat...6．Inaddition,itwillbemoredifficultfor...todo...7．AsfarasIamconcerned，...8．Foronething，...Foranother，...9．Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration，...10．Inconclusion,Ibelievethat...11．Someareinfavorof/forit.12．Somepeopleapproveof/agreewith/supportit.13．Someofthemholdtheviewthat...14．Whileothersholdtheoppositeopinion.【寫作任務(wù)】【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：38300037】你們就高二模擬考試應(yīng)該偏難還是偏易這個問題進(jìn)行了一次討論。結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇短文，介紹有關(guān)討論的情況，并發(fā)表自己的看法。贊成偏難，反對偏易贊成偏易，反對偏難喜歡挑戰(zhàn)，越難越好；有助于學(xué)生了解自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方法題目太難，學(xué)生會泄氣，會害怕今后的高考；題目容易，易得高分，獲得自信注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，開頭已為你寫好(不計入總詞數(shù))；2．文章必須包含所有要點(diǎn)，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：高考CollegeEntranceExaminationRecentlyIhavemadeaninvestigationonwhetheramodeltestpaperforSeniortwostudentsshouldbedifficultorarevariousonthismatter.[審題謀篇]體裁議論文話題學(xué)校生活時態(tài)主體部分用一般現(xiàn)在時人稱一、三人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．beweakin 在……方面不擅長2．inone'sopinion 某人認(rèn)為3．beagainst 反對4．feelterribleabout 覺得害怕5．neither...nor... 既不……也不……6．gainconfidence 獲得自信7．loseheart 失去信心Ⅱ.句式1．在這個問題上的觀點(diǎn)/看法因人而異。Opinionsarevariousonthismatter./Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonthismatter.2．有些學(xué)生認(rèn)為難的考試就是挑戰(zhàn)。Somestudentsthinkitachallengetotakeadifficultexam.3．考試簡單了，就可以得高分，獲得自信。Takinganeasyexam,theycangethighmarksandgainconfidence.4．我希望考試既不太難也不太容易。Iwouldprefertotakeanexamwhichisneithertoodifficultnortooeasy.5．考試題目太難，我們就會灰心喪氣。Iftheexamistoodifficult,wewillloseheart.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】RecentlyIhavemadeaninvestigationonwhetheramodeltestpaperforSeniortwostudentsshouldbedifficultorarevariousonthismatter.Somestudentsthinkitachallengetotakeadifficultharder,thethinkonlyinthiswaycanithelpstudentsfindoutwheretheyareweakinstudiesandimprovetheirlearningapproaches.Others,however,areagainstadifficulttheiropinion,ifitisverydifficult,theymaybecomediscouragedandfeelterribleaboutthecomingCollegeEntrance,takinganeasyexam,theycangethighmarksandgainconfidence.Iwouldprefertotakeanexamwhichisneithertoodifficultnortooifitistooeasy,teacherswillnotknowhowweareactuallygettingonwithourstudies,andifitistoodifficult,wewillloseheart.學(xué)業(yè)分層測評(十五)Ⅰ.完成句子1．要是有一天我上了月球，就能親眼看看月亮表面是什么樣子了。IfItothemoonsomeday，Ithesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.2．如果他們學(xué)習(xí)不那么刻苦，就不會通過考試了。Iftheyhard，theyintheexam.3．要不是幾次中斷，會議半個小時前就開完了。theseinterruptionsthemeetinghalfanhourago.4．我要是和她一起去那兒就好了。IwishItherewithher.5．我多么希望像一只鳥一樣可以飛！HowIwishIlikeabird!【答案】to/shouldgo；couldseenotstudied；wouldhavefailedfor；wouldhavefinishedgoneflyⅡ.閱讀理解AAcancer-strickenBritishteenagegirlsaidThursdayshehadbeenmovedbymessagesofsupportfromaroundtheworldafterwritinganonline“BucketList”ofthingsshewantedtodobeforedying.AlicePyne，15,createdanInternetbloginwhichshedescribedherfightagainstacancerofthewhitebloodcells.“I'vebeenfightingcancerforalmostfouryearsandnowIknowthatthecancerisgainingonmeanditdoesn'tlooklikeI'mgoingtowinthisone，”shewrote.Forherlist,theteenagertookinspirationfromthe2023film“TheBucketList”，inwhichtwoterminallyill(患絕癥的)men,playedbyMorganFreemanandJackNicholson,drawupalistofthingstheywishtodobeforetheydie.Onherlist,atthesiteshehasincludedmakingeveryonesignuptobeabonemarrowdonor(骨髄捐贈者),swimmingwithsharks,meetingboybandTakeThatandgettingapurpleiPadcomputer.MessagesofsupportandoffersofhelpquicklyfloodedherwebpageanditbecameoneofthemosttalkedaboutsubjectsonTwitter.“OhdearandIthoughtthatIwasjustdoingalittleblogforafewfriends！”shewroteafterhersiteattractedhugeattention.“Thankyousomuchforallyourlovelymessagestome.”Pyne,wholiveswithherfamilyinthenorthwestEnglishtownofUlverston,revealed(透露)themanagementofTakeThathadarrangedforhertoseethebandafterreadinghergroupoflocallawmakershavealsojoinedforceswiththeAnthonyNolanbloodcancercharitytoencouragepeopletojoinitsstemcellregister.1．WhathappenedafterAlicePynewroteher“BucketList”？A．Themediacalledonpeopletohelpher.B．Peoplesentgiftstoherfromallovertheworld.C．Alotofpeopleofferedtodonatebonemarrowtoher.D．Peoplearoundtheworldsentmessagestosupporther.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段“Messagesofsupportandoffersofhelpquicklyfloodedherwebpage”可以看出帖子發(fā)布后，收到了世界各地的人們支持她的信息。所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿2．AlicePynewroteher“BucketList”to．A．expressherlastfewwishesB．saygoodbyetoafewfriendsC．givecomforttotwoterminallyillmenD．catchpeople'sattention【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“writinganonline‘BucketList’ofthingsshewantedtodobeforedying”可以看出“BucketList”表達(dá)的是她最后的幾個愿望。所以選A?！敬鸢浮緼3．ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatAlicePyne．A．isunawareofherownconditionsB．iscalmtoknowthatdeathisapproachingC．isverysadtoknowthatshewilldieD．isstillquiteconfidentinfightingagainstthecancer【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段的“Iknowthatthecancerisgainingonmeanditdoesn'tlooklikeI'mgoingtowinthisone”可知她對自己的病情和結(jié)果進(jìn)行了平靜的敘述，由此可知B項符合語境?！敬鸢浮緽4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTonAlicePyne's“BucketList”？A．Tomeetaboy.B．Togetacoolcomputer.C．Toswimwithsharks.D．Toaskpeopletodonatebonemarrow.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段介紹了“BucketList”所有的內(nèi)容，其中包括B、C、D三項，但是“boybandTakeThat”是一個樂隊而不是一個男孩。所以選A。【答案】ABThere'snothingMickeyMouseabouttheworkofscientistsatamedicalcenterhere．Medicalresearchersrecentlygrewahuman-shapedearinalabdish，thenjoinedittothebackofamousesuccessfully.Tomaketheear,scientistsfirstpulledoutbitsofcartilage(軟骨)fromahumanusedthosecellstogrowmorecartilagecartilagecellswerethenputintoaspecialpolymermoldshapedlikeahuman,abiodegradableplastic,absorbedthecartilagecellsinaboutaweek.Toseeiftheearcouldbeconnectedwiththehumanbodysuccessfully,scientistsputthenewearintotheskinonamouse'smousehadbeenspeciallykepttolackaninfection-fightingsystem,orimmunelackofanimmunesystempreventedthemouse'sbodyfromattackingtheear,aprocesscalledall,theearwasn'titsownoriginally,soitwouldhaveattackedtheearifithadhadanimmunesystem.Afterseveraldays,themouse'sskingrewaroundtheear,keepingtheearinsaidthemouseexperimentwouldleadtotransplantsofearsandnosesgrownfromhumancartilageintohumans.Thetransplantswouldbeusedforpeoplewholacksomethingsuchasearsandnosesfrombirthorhavehadaccidentalthosecases,theearornosecouldbetransplantedunderaperson'sskinsothecartilagewouldhaveanaturalcovering.5．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1meanaccordingtothepassage?A．Thescientists'workhasnothingtodowithMickeyMouse.B．Thescientistsheredon'tlikeMickeyMouseatall.C．Thescientistsdon'tdoanyexperimentonMickeyMouse.D．FilmsonMickeyMousewillneverbemadehere.【解析】句意理解題。此句所表達(dá)的意思為“在這里的醫(yī)療中心，科學(xué)家們的工作與米老鼠沒有任何關(guān)系”。選項A中“hasnothingtodowith...”意為“與……無關(guān)”?！敬鸢浮緼6．Thepassagemainlytellsaboutawonderfulexperimentof．A．makingaplasticearforamouseB．makingahumanearoutofamouse'scartilageC．makingahumanearoutofhumancartilageD．transplantingahumanearontoamouse'sback【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。耳朵是給人移植用的，只不過先在老鼠身上做個實驗，而且耳朵的細(xì)胞組織也是從人的腿部軟骨組織上獲取的，故C項正確?！敬鸢浮緾7．WhichofthefollowingistheCORRETorderoftheexperiment?a．Puttingthecartilagecellsintoapolymermold.b．Joiningthenewearintotheskinonamouse'sback.c．Takingoutsomecartilagefromahumanleg.d．Themouse'sskingrowingaroundtheear.e．Thepolymer'sabsorbingthecartilagecells.A．c，a，b，d，e B．c，a，e，b，dC．a(chǎn)，e，e，b，d D．a(chǎn)，e，e，d，b【解析】順序排列題。該實驗的正確順序是：獲取組織—放入模型—細(xì)胞生長—移植—成活。從第二段至第四段的內(nèi)容可知實驗的步驟。因此，B項排序正確?！敬鸢浮緽8．Theearwasputintotheskinonamouse'sbackinorderto．A．testwhetheritcouldbeconnectedtoalivingbodysuccessfullyB．createanewkindofmouseforfunC．seewhetheritwouldhearaswellasrealonesD．provethepossibilityoftransplantinghumanorgansintootheranimals【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第一句可知答案?！敬鸢浮緼Ⅲ.語法填空W：Thanksforstayingtunedtoournextitemis1.(real)arequitethefashionnowadays—2.arebooksabouttwins,websitesabouttwins;twinsevenhavetheirownfestivalsand'vesentourreporter,TrevorWilliams,toAmerica3.(find)outfirst-handinformationaboutaveryspecialtwins,canyou4.me?M：Yes,Karen，loudandclear.W：Andwhereareyoutoday,Trevor?M：Asyoucansee,I'mhereintheheartofNewYorkCity,inan5.(amaze)placetoeat—TwinsRestaurant.W：Well,thenTrevor,6.canyoutellusabouttherestaurant?M：Well,Karen,Ispoketotheowners,twinsDebbieandLisatoldmethatallthewaitersand7.(wait)intheirrestaurantareidenticaltwins—37pairsinall—andtheyalwaysworkatthesametime，atthesametables.W：Don'tthecustomersgetconfused?M：That'spartofthefun!And8.