2006年考研英語真題及解析

2006年考研英語及解SectionIUseof此短文的題材為社會生活類6次】?！驹囶}連線】 【選項分析】ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocal

directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts, it,“Therehasto ofprograms.Whatweernmentcan’t .To isapackagehomelesspeople independence,the federalernmentmustsupportjobtraining [B]Likewise（同樣，也） theminimumwage, fundmorelow-costeveryoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimatesanywherefrom600,000to3thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthe

2.[A]stand（忍受）[B]cope（處理，應付[C]approve（批準贊成[A]in（ homeless .Oneofthe [B]for（ ernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhas eincreasingly whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeach thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Many notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday skillsneedtoturntheirlives 16.BostonGlobe

reporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18Edwardwith（ toward（ [A]raise（提高add（添加take（拿，接受[A]generally（通常地，一般地almost（幾乎，差不多hardly（幾乎不 change（改變range（在..... [A]Nowthat（Although（盡管Provided（倘若，假如expanding（擴張increasing（增加[A]predicts（預測[A]assist（幫助track（追蹤sustain（維持dismiss（解雇，不予考慮[A]Hence（因此But（但是Even（甚至Only（只有]shelter（臨時棲身之地，dwelling（住所，住處house（房子[A]searching（搜尋strolling（閑逛，人閑來無事走動crowding（擁擠wandering（飄蕩，無目的的四處游蕩[A]when（ once（一旦while（雖然，盡管

whereas（然而[A]life（生活existence（存在，生活方式survival（幸存[A]（turn）around（使好轉[C]（turn）on（打開[D]（turn）up（出現，開大]comprehensive（全面的，綜合的complementary（補充的compensating（補償的[A]So（所以Since(既然As（正如Thus（因此[A]puts（表述，表達interprets（解釋，說明assumes（假定，設想makes(it)（獲得成功manipulation（，控制regulation（管理 詞匯addicted[?'diktid]adj.(吸毒)成癮的；上癮的address[?'dres]v.應對，處理compensate['k?mpenseit]v.補償，賠償disorder[dis'?:d?]n.紊亂，失調dwell[dwel]v.居??；存在于；細想某hence[hens] 因此indeed[in'di:d]adv.真正地；的確；甚至；實lodge[l?d?]n.門房；旅館；manage['m?nid?]v.完成，（尤指）設法完成proportions[pr?'p?:?nz]n.規(guī)模，程度【常用詞組makeupwith,形 rangefromto....,在……thebulkofsth,大部分，多半assb.putsit,正如說的那樣turnaround,扭轉，出現起色packagedeal,一攬子交易【答案與詳解 考點→邏輯關系及副詞詞義辨析【考頻30次】 ，前面的話，表示語氣上的遞進。因此選indeed表示強調。等或相似。選項[C]Therefore意為“因此，所以”表示因果關系。根據上下文判斷，兩答案 [B][B]更符合文意。干擾答案 干擾項排除→三個干擾項都可以與help搭配，help與in搭配后接動詞-ing形式，help與for搭配是helpsbforsth表示“為了......而幫助別人”而不是“幫助獲得 答案 與上下文不通，而且add通常用作addsthtosth,表示“把......加到 [C]take答案 HardlyNot表示否定。Hardlyanyone、ever等詞配，表示部分否定，所以只有D符合文意逗號。選項[B]具有肯定的意everyone搭配更具有強調的意味。顯然這兩個答案 解題技巧→從上下句可以判斷出本句意為估計數字的范圍大60萬到300萬之間，如此懸殊的數字說明，估計最小值和最大值之間有很大的跨度。Rangefrom...to...之一結構正是表示“在干擾項排除→coverfrom....to中，cover常用作及物動詞，即covercover不正確。Changefromto.答案 解題技巧→本句中前半句意思是“人們估計的數字（對無家可歸者人數的估計）可能讓步或轉折關系，四個選項中只有Although有此意。答案 number，因此只能選C。面積、范圍的擴大。選項[D]extending尤指范圍、時間等的延長。根據句子的主語the答案 解題技巧→本空后的that賓語從句，在這個十年結束時，無家可歸者的人數將達到1900萬，顯然這是對未來趨勢的推斷，因此選擇表示“預測”的predicts。干擾項排除→選項[B]display的主語往往是、展覽品等能用肉眼看到的事物。選項[C]proves的主語往往是事實、實驗、現象等。選項[D]discovers的主語往往是人，而且后面的賓語從句只能使用一般現在時。根據句子主語判斷，displaysdiscovers不符合是事實、真理性的，因此proves也不正確。答案 解題技巧→從第三段看，本句后面主要講想讓這些無家可歸者生活安定，不僅要給他，答案 解題技巧→still可以判斷出本句表示讓步，意為“即使時間流浪”。Ever用于加強語氣，與still搭配使用，表示讓步關系。干擾項排除→選項[A]hence表示因果關系，選項[B]but表示轉折關系，二者放在句首除這兩項。選項[D]only表示唯一性only放在句首時主句要部分倒裝，從語義和語法的角度都可以排除only。答案 解題技巧→空格后是that引導的定語從句，是對所填名詞的具體解釋：它是提供一日shelter干擾項排除→lodging常租的房間，dwelling常指長久性的居住場所，house常指一般意義上的房子或住宅。對于無家可歸的人來說，他們不可能租房子住因此lodging不答案 解題技巧→本空需要填一個動詞，與street搭配。而本句要表達的意思是“即使無家可因。觀察這四個選項，其中strolling和wandering都有“流浪”的含義，但兩次的區(qū)別wandering指“無目的或無固定路線地到處飄蕩”。從兩次的側重意思和語義老說wandering跟符合。street搭配是“在街上溜達”的意思。選項[C]crowdingstreet搭配是“把大街擠答案 解題技巧→前兩句是對許多無家可歸者流浪原因的分析：例如酒鬼或者癮君子，還有是患了的。本句others“其他人”的情況，就是排除了酗酒吸毒、精神不正常這兩種情況，因此本句的前后兩部分是讓步的關系。而while除了表示“當......干擾項排除→三個干擾項都不符合上下句的邏輯關系。選項[A]when表示時間關系，引導時間狀語從句。選項[B]once表示條件，引導條件狀語從句，這兩項顯然不符合上下兩個事物人物或情景等，顯示二者有重要差別，那么其引導從句，從句和主句的主語必然不同，因此主語等結構是不能省略的。所以，whereas既不符合文意又不符合語法。答案 解題技巧→skillslifesurvival可以與干擾項排除→[A]lifeskills表示“生活技能”，沒有選項[C]切合文意。[B]existence,表skills搭配。答案 解題技巧→turn與副詞搭配構成的動詞短語，其后可接lives作賓語。再觀察四個選項只有選項[A]turnaround“使好轉；有起色”符合題意。答案 解題技巧→本空需要填一個形容詞，并且用來修飾programsprograms可以答案 干擾項排除→選項[A]So表示因果關系，通常有一句因，一句果。選項[D]Thus表示結答案 解題技巧→本題和上題中的as構成固定結構：assb.putsit,意為“正 答案 解題技巧→apackagedeal可知，本句突然突出的是各個規(guī)劃之間的協(xié)調配合，因此，選項[D]coordination為答案。?！緟⒖甲g文】 【框架導讀】越大。1實際上，無家可歸者所占的比例如此之大，以至于地方已經無法2應對了

5不660萬萬之間。7盡管人們估計的數字可能各不相1900萬。10幫助這些越來越多的無家可歸12棲身之所，能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡覺，還是會有很多人每天大部分時間流16改善15生存能流

17全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可18用馬賽諸塞州本特里學院社區(qū)服務主任EdwardZlotkowski19話來說就是20協(xié)調運作，我們需要的是一解決發(fā)法：全面規(guī)劃，滿足

SectionIIReading 【試題連線】 【選項分析】(1)Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.(2)Thisis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.(3)Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.”(4)Insteadofintimateshopscateringto“aknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.”(5)Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.Themassmedia,advertisingandsports

otherforcesfor(1)Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardly(2)WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.(3)In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6(4)Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.(5)Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation--language,homeownershipandintermarriage.(1)The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachoffifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”(2)Thechildrenofimmigrantstendthethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrant(4)HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguage.(5)By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivebefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.(1)Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”(2)Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-villagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”(1)AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethinginAmerica?(2)Indeed.(3)Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.(4)ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialTheword“homogenizing”(LineParagraph1)mostprobably

[D]Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularbecameintimateshopsforcommonsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableoweditsemergencetothecultureofThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.areresistanttoexertagreatinfluenceonAmericanarehardlyathreattothecommonconstitutethemajorityoftheWhyareAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?ToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheTorevealthepublic’sfearof Toshow Americanculture.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis 詞匯array?'rei]n.陳列，一系assimilation[?,simi'lei??n]n.同化，同化作用casualness[?k??u?ln?sn.漫不經心，隨意；census['sens?s]n.人口統(tǒng)計，人口deferencedef?r?nsn.democratize[di?m?kr?taiz]v.discourse['disk?:sdis'k?:sn.談話，談論emergence[i'm?:d??ns]n.出現【超綱詞匯unprecedented[,?n'presid?ntid]adj.空前的；無前例的bilingual[bai'li?ɡw?l]adj.雙語的;能說兩張語言的seethe[si:e]v.沸騰；冒泡；非常氣憤、激動regardlessof不顧，不管massmedia大眾priortosth 【答案與詳解答案 會仍然是一部神奇的同化人的機器。這里的inspiteof表示轉折，就是說homogenizing與前面的內容構成反義關系。四個選項只有assimilating與homogenizing同義。答案 解題技巧→根據題干中的19th-centurydepartmentstores可以定位第一段。人們沉19世紀百貨商店掀起的“消費文化”中，因此這種大眾文化的形成是百貨商店倡干擾項排除→選項[B]不正確首段中第四句中提到intimateshop的對象是aknowledgeable答案 解題技巧→第二段句首的特殊結構notbut說明了現在的特點：能夠融入大眾。第增加反而下降。段末又提到被同化的三個標志，可見作者在文中表達了“對干擾項排除→選項[A]“同化”與第二段中第二句中的norresistanttoassimilation矛數”與第二段中的數據：只占人口的10%左右。答案 答案 解題技巧→本題考查作者對吸收形成的社會影響的評價。首先文中第二段提來一個干擾項排除→。選項[A]從文中無從得知，選項[C]和[D]是否定態(tài)度，與原文【長難句解析1、Para.1,SentencePeople（主語）areabsorbed（謂語）into“acultureofconsumption”（狀語）launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstores（后置定語）thatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.”（定語從句）【解析】Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”。過去分consumptionarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere充當定語從句的地點狀語。2、Para.3,Sentence1：The1990Census（主語）revealed（謂語）that“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘wellor‘verywellaftertenyearsof【解析】本句主干結構為The1990Censusrevealedthat ，that引導一個較長的從句充當句子的賓語。在該從句中，amajorityofimmigrants，謂語為spokes，賓語為English，介詞結構from...origin則為后置定語修飾主語immigrants，而介詞短語oforigin充當后置定語修飾countries，副詞‘well’or‘verywell’為狀語，句末介詞短語oftenyearsresidence則3、Para.3,SentenceBy1996（時間狀語） foreign-bornimmigrants（主語）whohadarrivebefore1970（定語從句）had（謂語）ahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,（賓語 higherthan69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.（比較狀語【解析】本句主干結構為....foreign-bornimmigrants...hadahomeownershiprate.，名詞foreign-bornimmigrants的后面是由關系代詞who引導的定語從句對其做補充說明，who在短語amongnative-bornAmericans則為后置定語，限定其前的69.8percentrate。Rodriguez(主語)notes（謂語）thatchildreninremotevillagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrook,賓語從句）t連接詞）“someAmericans（主語）fear（謂語）thatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”（賓語從句）【解析】yet連接的兩個并列分句。前一分句的主干結構為Rodriguez謂語為系動詞arefansofsuperstarsinremotevillagesaroundworld為后置thechildrenlikesuperstars。后一分句的主干結someAmericansfearthat...fearthat引導的賓語從句，從句中的主語為則為狀語?，F在分詞結構livingwithintheUnitedStates充當后置定語修飾主語immigrants。5、Para.6,Sentence4：But(連詞)particularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,（狀語）today’ssocialindices（主語）hardly（狀語）suggest（謂語）adarkanddeterioratingsocial修飾謂語。句首whenviewed構成的結構屬于when+V-ing∕V-ed,做時間狀語，該結構省略了句子的主語與系動詞，被省略的主語與主句的主語一致，該部分可還原為when（today'ssocialindicesare）viewagainstAmerican'sturbulentpast?！緟⒖甲g文新高，也不被同化。1998年占人口總數的9.8%，1900年占比例是13.6%。在字為9.2個?，F在來考慮一下同化的三個標志：語言、房屋所和異族通婚。第三代，三分之一的西班牙裔女性非西班牙裔男士，而41%的亞裔女性非亞裔男·羅德里格茲全世界各地偏遠鄉(xiāng)村的孩子都是諸如阿諾德和加思·布魯克· 【試題連線】 【選項分析】(1)Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.(2)ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(ASC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.(3)Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.thetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.(2)It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.(1)Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.(2)Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandtheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.(3)However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.(4)Itistheplaygoers,theESCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.(5)Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownby(1)Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.(2)Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhointownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhothere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,the

BanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)(2)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayed(1)ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractivecliene.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.(2)Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)--lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.FromthefirsttwoParagraphs,welearnthetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenuetheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage★★thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms★★thetownsfolkearnlittlefromItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparay★theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthethesightseersdomoreshopthanthetheplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater★Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthatStratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialthetownisnotreallyshortofthetownsfolkusedtobepoorlyAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthe

thecompanyisfinanciallyill-thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallythetheatreattendanceisontheFromthetextwecanconcludethattheissupportiveofbothtakesadetachedis 詞匯attendance[?'tend?ns]n. contend[k?n'tend]v.主張；聲稱dedicated['dedikeitid]adj.專注的；獻身的；執(zhí)著的detached[di't?t?t]adj.不偏不倚的；公正的hostile['h?stail]adj.的；不友善的subsidy['s?bsidi]n.補【超綱詞匯..flagstone['fl?ɡst?un]n.石板；[巖]薄層砂【常用詞組bringindriveaway趕走；驅散inarow成一排，連續(xù)takeinsth觀賞；【答案與詳解答案 解題技巧→根據題干中的thefirsttwoparagraphs可定位于文章的第一、二段。第干擾項排除→選項[B]是對第二段中文字的錯誤解讀，該處鎮(zhèn)上居民坦誠不喜歡答案 干擾項排除→選項[A]notseparate是指游客并不是分離的，并不是說不能同時參答案 答案 答案 解題技巧→RSC兩方的態(tài)度貫穿全文，而且RSC或者作者進行反駁。文章的末段還高票價的做法。從總體來說，作者對RSC是同情與支持的，選項[D]正確。【長難句解析1、Para.1,SentenceAndtherearethetownsfolk(therebe句型)wholargelyliveoffthetourists（定語從句）whocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.（定語從句）列的目的狀語：nottoseetheplaysbuttolookat...。2、Para.2,Sentence3：It’salldeliciouslyironic（主系表）whenyouconsider（時間狀語從句）thatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeardanddidhisshareofnoise-making.（賓consider的賓語。該從句的主語Shakespeareandtheir指代上文的theworthyresidentsofstratford。3、Para.3,SentenceItistheplaygoers,（主語）theESCcontends,（插入語）whobringin（謂語）muchofthetown’srevenue（賓語）becausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.（原因狀語從句）【解析】itis...who...是強調句型，強調句子的主語theplaygoers。本句主干為...theplaygoers...bringinmuchofthetown'srevenue...。Because引導原因狀語從句，該從句的主干結構為theyspendthenight...pouringcash...。4、Para.6,SentenceThey（主語）allseemtolook（謂語）alike（表語）(thoughtheycomefromalllean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatre（插入語）tobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomtickets（目的狀語）heldforthesleepersandsoldtothem（后置定語）whentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.（時間狀語從句）theytheyoungpeople。破折號的名詞短語和現在分詞forthesleepersandsoldtothemticketswhensold【參考譯文眾所周知，埃文河畔的斯特拉特福鎮(zhèn)只有一個產業(yè)——是威廉·莎士比亞產業(yè)，但是卻有兩個涇渭分明，且敵意日漸升溫的派別。一方是莎士比亞公司，它在埃文河畔莎旅游的人流并不是完全分離的。乘車而來的觀光者經常會順道參觀沃里克城堡和布【】題材屬于科普知識類【考頻8次】。選自TheEconomist(《》)2003年515日一篇題為“Ocean'sEleventhHour”的文章。文章主要論述了由于過度捕撈，海洋【試題連線】 【選項分析】(1)Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.(2)Theysuddenlybecameextinct.(3)Smallerspeciessurvived.(4)Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeninginthe(1)Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.(2)WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.(3)Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.(4)Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.(5)AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedon

averageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.(6)Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.(1)Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthefiguresareconservative.(2)Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.(3)Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsalitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.(4)Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatch(5)Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.(6)Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.(7)Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.(8)Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaround(1)Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.(2)Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.”(3)Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.(4)Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.(5)Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness. animalsisnotedtosuggestthatlargeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment★★★smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalslargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreatslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingWecaninferfromDr.Myersandthestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago★★★thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount★★thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold★Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansfishingtechnologyhasimprovedthencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthenthemarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterthedatacollectedsofarare Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdpeopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime★fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass★★★theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreditsoriginallevel★peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituationTheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’managementbiomasscatch-size 詞匯bait[beit]v.中放誘餌；置（餌）于某物之上或之內baseline['beislain]n.基準；標準【超綱詞匯biomass['bai?um?s]n.（單位面積或體積內的）[生態(tài)]生物量prehistoric[,pri:hi'st?rik]adj.陳舊的；史前的predator['pred?t?]n.食肉動物；掠奪者；捕食者longline['l??lain,'l?:?-]n.多鉤長線underestimate[,?nd?'estimeit]v.低估；看輕n.低估sustainable[s?'stein?bl]adj可以忍受的；可持續(xù)；合理利用sonar['s?unɑ:]n.聲納；聲波定位儀【常用詞組overtimelookback（+on/at）takeintoaccount 【答案與詳解答案 這一事實的目的，故排除。選項[D]與第一段中“生長緩慢的大型動物很快就被答案 場中的大型食肉魚類的生物量在開始開發(fā)海洋資源的15平均下降了80%。在一些againagain。聯(lián)系上下文，這里強調了一半，于是可以推算出舊漁場的大型食肉魚類的數量減少了90%，故[A]正確。數和漁場數量在一起。選項[C]“新漁場中的捕魚量只占原先總魚量的20%”屬于無中生有，Myers博士和Worm博士在中沒有提到。選項[D]“新的漁場中的大型食答案 因此推斷，Worm博士所說的“保守數據”的意思就是“魚類的實際損失量比文中給出干擾項排除→[A]選項“捕魚技術快速提高”是該段提到的“數據保守”的一個答案 中的基準。接下來作者人們沒有發(fā)現海洋中發(fā)生巨大變化的原因：因為他們只回顧歷史上相當短一段時間的情況。然后作者該觀點的內容：理論表明當某一目標干擾項排除→選項]“人們應該尋找可以適用較長時間的基準”無法推出，文中未提B00B，故排除。選項答案 到技術問題，可見作者關注的是漁場中的魚類的數量，而不是捕魚技術，選項[D]不正【長難句解析1、Para.3,SentenceThat（1）means（1）ahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeing（賓語從句）sotherealdifference（2）betweenpresentandpast（后置定語）islikelytobe（謂語2）worse（表語）thantheone（比較狀語）recordedbychangesincatchsizes.（后置定語）后為省略了thatahigherproportionofwhatisinthesea,謂語為語態(tài)的進行時態(tài)isbeingcaughtwhatisinthesea做介詞of的賓語。后一分句的主分為therealdifference...islikelytobeworsethan...，其中介詞結etweenpresentandpast為后置定語修飾主語，句末過去分詞結構recordedby...做后置定語修飾theone。2、Para.3,Sentence6：Someindividuals（主語）wouldthereforenothavebeencaught,（謂語）sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,（原因狀語從句）leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.（結果狀語）【解析】本句是一個復合句。主句為Someindividualswouldthereforenothavecaught...，其中someindividuals為主語，語態(tài)的過去完成時的否定形式wouldnothavebeencaught為謂語。Since引導的是原因狀語從句，該從句的主語為nobaitedhooks，謂語them為從句的目的狀語。句末的現在分詞結構leadingto...做主句的結果狀語。3、Para.4,SentenceThenotion（主語）is（謂語）thatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechanges（表語從句）whichhavehappenedintheocean（定語從句）becausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.（原因狀語從句）【解析】本句的主干結構為Thenotionisthat...isthat引導的表語從句共同構massivechangeswhich引導的定語從句。該表語從句中含有一becausethey，指代前文中的people，謂語為現在完成進行時havebeenlookingo，賓語為thepast，名詞短語onlyarelativelyshorttime為原因狀語從句中的時間狀語。4、Para.4,SentenceThat（主語）matters（謂語）becausetheorysuggests（原因狀語從句）（賓語從句）thattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomes（時間狀語從句）whenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.部分Thatmatters...，其中代詞that指代上句中提到的“發(fā)現海洋中發(fā)生的大規(guī)模的總體變umsustainable es...，其中賓語從句中又含有一個定語從句thatcanbecropped【參考譯文食肉魚類（獵殺其他魚并以之為食的動物）的生物量在開始開發(fā)海洋資源的15平均下降了80%，在一些長期捕魚的漁場，大型食肉魚類的生物量在此基礎上又減少了一半。助和聲納定位儀發(fā)現獵物，這在50年前無法做到。這意味這的海洋生物捕撈，因來的50%左右時，從漁場中能夠獲得最大的可持續(xù)性產量。大部分漁場都遠沒達到這個水 【試題連線】 【選項分析】(1)Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.(1)Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.(2)Butsomewhereinthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.(1)Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.(2)Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworld(1)Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompleydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?(2)Advertising.(3)Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.(1)Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.(2)Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.(3)IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themost

powerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.(1)TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.(2)Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.(3)Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.(4)Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwallets--theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.(5)“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.(1)Butwhatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting--isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.(2)Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.(3)Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttolusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.(4)It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.Bycitingtheexampleof intendstoshowthatpoetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic★★artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativepoetstodayarelessskepticalof★artistshavechangedtheirfocusofTheword“bummer”(Line5.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomethingIntheauthor’sopinion,emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happy★isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic★★replacethechurchasamajorsourceof

createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitselfWecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieveshappinessmoreoftenthannotendsintheanti-happyartisdistastefulbutmiseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthantheanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms★★WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheReligiononcefunctionedasareminderof expectationandreality.★★★PeoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofMassmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.★ 詞匯agenda[?'d?end?]n.在會議上要討論的事項（單]depict[di'pikt]v.描述；描ideology[,aidi'?l?d?i]n.思想（體系；思想意識【超綱詞匯 懶漢；游手好閑的人；吸食的反效daffodil['d?f?dil]n.水仙phony['f?uni]n.者；贗【常用詞組indanger處在it'snotasif不大像是.......(表示某事不是真的，因而不能解釋的行為【答案與詳解36、答案 題。第二段語義一轉，早期藝術形式最適合表現愉快的情緒，但從19世紀某個時候開37、答案 38、答案 宣揚不幸的藝術緊隨著的出現而出現，該項將兩者的前后順序顛倒，故排除。選項[B]39、答案 諸如這樣的不幸，但并沒有提及enjoymisery,故排除。選項[D]“宣揚不幸的藝術在經40、答案 【長難句解析1、Para.2,SentenceBut（轉折連詞）somewhereinthe19thcenturyonward(時間狀語)，moreartists（主語）beganseeing（謂語）happiness（賓語）asmeaningless（賓語補足語，phonyor,worstl【解析】本句的主干為...moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessas...。介詞短語fromthe19thasseeseesthas結構，asas為連詞引導狀語從句，介詞短語from...to...為從句中的狀語。2、Para.4,Sentenc