高考動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

EnglishBasicTenses(時(shí)態(tài))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作。1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually，everymorning…,often,sometimes,oncetwiceaweek,rarely,seldom,never.Weusuallygotoschoolbybus.Hewakesupat7everymorning.2)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。下列動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái):arrive,leave,start,begin.Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.3)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailivesintheeastofChina.4)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)?。Lazinessleadstopoverty.懶惰導(dǎo)致貧窮。5)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.6）時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgoonapicnic.WhenBillcomesback,askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問(wèn)和否定形式：DotheshopsalwayscloseonSundayevenings?DoesyourfriendRoyoftenbuyCDs?Myfatherdoesn’tusuallylistentotheradioafterlunch.What

does

your

father

do?How

do

you

manage

to

keep

the

place

so

tidy?

DoyouthinkSamwillcallhisEnglishteacherassoonashe_____intown?A.arriveB.willarriveC.arearrivingD.arrives2)Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou____home.A.writesB.writeC.wroteD.arewriting3)Theteachertoldusthatthemoon_____aroundtheearthonceamonth.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.moves4)Thescientistsaidthatlight____fasterthansound.A.travelsB.travelC.aretravelingD.traveledDBDATheWhites_______(live)in87KingStreet.Inthemorning,Mr.White_______(take)themtoschoolinhiscar.Mrs.White_______(stay)athomeeveryday.She__________(do)housework.Atnoonsheoften_________(eat)lunchaloneathome.Intheafternoon,sheusually_____(visit)herfriendsand_______(drink)teawiththem.Intheevening,thechildrenoften_______(come)homefromschoolearly.Mr.Whiteoften________(come)homefromworklate.Atnight,thechildrenalways______(do)theirhomeworkand_____(go)tobedearly.Mr.Whiteusually_______(read)newspapersbutheandhiswifesometimes______(watch)TV.livetakesstaysdoeseatsvisitsdrinkscomecomesdoesgoreadswatch現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)朗讀下列句子，寫(xiě)出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：1.Wearewaitingforyounow.2.Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovelthesedays.3.I’mleavingforShanghainextweek.4.We’reflyingtoParistomorrow.5.Aretheyputtingupthetent?6.Whatareyoureading?7.Johnisn’tlisteningtotheteacher.

isdoing,amdoing,aredoing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：are/am,isdoing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在”，動(dòng)作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中”。所謂“正在進(jìn)行中”，是指在談到這件事的時(shí)候，這個(gè)動(dòng)作還在進(jìn)行中。至于它是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的，什么時(shí)候會(huì)停下來(lái)，不是我們關(guān)心的。所以“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的事件，可能發(fā)生幾年了，也可能只有幾分鐘?，F(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行中這是“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的關(guān)鍵所在。它是一件持續(xù)進(jìn)行的事情?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.3.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的但不確定會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生的將來(lái)活動(dòng)。I’mleavingforatrek(旅行)inNepalnextweek.We’reflyingtoParistomorrow.根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)句子123Sheisdancing.HeiswatchingTV.Theyareplayingwaterpolo.翻譯下面語(yǔ)段：我正坐在我的電腦前給你寫(xiě)信。我的媽媽正在做我喜歡的菜：紅燒肉（roastpork）。她正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備晚飯。我的爸爸正在看他喜歡的電視節(jié)目：探索與發(fā)現(xiàn)（ProbeandDiscovery），在這個(gè)節(jié)目里有一個(gè)男人正在訓(xùn)服(tame)一頭雄性的野獅子。我的奶奶正在為我們的家的寵物狗露西(Lucy)喂食。露西正在吃它香噴噴的飯。這正是我的家庭成員正做的事情，你正在做什么？你的家庭成員又在做什么呢？DearTom，NowIamsittinginfrontofmycomputerwritingtoyou.Mymomiscookingmyfavoritedish:roastpork.Sheispreparingdinnerinthekitchen.MyfatheriswatchinghisfavoriteTVprogram:ProbeandDiscovery,inwhichamanistamingawildmalelion.Mygrand-motherisfeedingourpetdogLucy.Lucyiseatinghisdeliciousfoodnow.That’swhatmyfamilymembersaredoingnow.Whatareyoudoingnow?Whatareyourfamilymembersdoingnow?Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（Presentperfect）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：just,recently,lately,since...,for...,sofar,uptonow,yet,never,ever,threetimes,in/overthepastfewyears,eversince,sincethenHehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecentlylately.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.現(xiàn)在完成的用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過(guò)去，但說(shuō)明的是現(xiàn)在的情況—燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？TheyhavealreadysetoutforLondon.

他們已經(jīng)動(dòng)身去倫敦了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“未完成用法”指的是動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hehaslivedheresince1978.動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。I

have

been

doing

some

historical

research.

注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常結(jié)構(gòu)：1.縮寫(xiě)形式：Uptillnowhe'sreadmanystorybooks.至今他已讀過(guò)好多故事書(shū)。I'vebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.至今我已到紐約去過(guò)三次。2.否定句We

haven't

seen

each

other

for

quite

a

few

days.

咱們有日子沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了。Hiswifehasn’t

heard

from

him

since

he

left.

他走后音信渺茫。3.疑問(wèn)句Has

he

got

a

girlfriend?

他有女朋友嗎？How

long

have

you

been

employed

at

this

job?

你受雇做這個(gè)工作有多久了？即時(shí)練：用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空He_____already_______(see)thatfilmtwice.2.They____________(nothear)thegoodnews,yet,fortheyareawayonholiday.3.Uptillnow,he______(win)fivechampionships.4.Sincethen,Mr.Ford_________(fly)manypassengerstomanyunusualplaces.5.Eversincehemovedintohisnewhouse,he_____________(have)troublewithcarsandtheirowners.6.This

is

the

most

interestingthemeparkthat

I

________________(visit)in

mylife.7.It

is

the

first

time

that

I

__________(speak)

to

a

foreigner.

hasseenhaven’theardhaswonhasflownhashadhave

ever

visitedhave

spoken翻譯下面短文。Jim是我多年的朋友。他很強(qiáng)壯和活躍。他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是籃球。他打籃球已經(jīng)有5年了。到目前為止，他和他的隊(duì)友已經(jīng)贏了10場(chǎng)比賽。他也很喜歡旅行。到現(xiàn)在為止，他去過(guò)很多地方,例如重慶、香港、上海等。他非常友善，我們大家都喜歡他。JimandIhavebeenfriendsforyears.Heisstrongandactive.Hisfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.Hehasplayedbasketballfor5years.Sofar,heandhisteammateshavewontenmatches.Helikestravellingverymuch.Uptonow,hehasbeentomanyplaces,suchasChongqing,HongkongandShanghai.Heisfriendlytousandwealllikehim.翻譯下列句子：1.他跟Jane結(jié)婚已經(jīng)有十年了。2.自從我們?cè)谏虾?huì)面之后我們一直是好朋友。3.直到現(xiàn)在，我都沒(méi)有收到她的來(lái)信。4.這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最有趣的電影。5.我從未參觀過(guò)如此美麗的花園。

HehasbeenmarriedtoJanefortenyears.WehavebeenfriendssincewemeteachotherinShanghai.3.Sofar,Ihaven’treceivedaletterfromher.4.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.5.Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulgarden.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow（明天），nextweek（下周）,inafewminutes(幾分鐘后),inthefuture（將來(lái)）等。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。美式英語(yǔ)則不管什么人稱，一律用willdo，或用主語(yǔ)+be+goingtodo.Don’tworryabouthim.Hewillbebackinafewminutes.Shallwesetoutat8o’clocktomorrowmorning?We'regoingtocallonourformerhead-teachernextweek.常用句型Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgooutforapicnic.I'llletyouknowassoonashearrives.Workhardandyouwillsucceed.翻譯下面語(yǔ)段

我們的鄰居查爾斯艾利森船長(zhǎng)明天就要從樸次茅斯啟航了。明天一大早我們將在碼頭為他送行。他將乘坐他的“濤波賽”號(hào)小艇?！皾ㄙ悺碧?hào)是艘有名的小艇,它已經(jīng)多次橫渡大西洋。艾利森船長(zhǎng)將于8點(diǎn)鐘啟航,因此我們有充裕的時(shí)間。我們將參觀他的船,然后和他告別。他要離開(kāi)兩個(gè)月,我們真為他感到自豪,他將參加一次重大的橫渡大西洋的比賽。參考詞匯查爾斯艾利森船長(zhǎng)：CaptainCharlesAlison樸次茅斯：Portsmouth

濤波賽:Topsail大西洋：theAtlanticOceanOurneighbor,CaptainCharlesAlison,willsailfromPortsmouthtomorrow.We’llmeethimattheharbourearlyinthemorning.Hewillbeinhissmallboat,Topsail.Topsailisafamouslittleboat.IthassailedacrosstheAtlanticmanytimes.CaptainAlisonwillsetoutateighto’clock,sowe’llhaveplentyoftime.We’llseehisboatandthenwe’llsaygoodbyetohim.Hewillbeawayfortwomonths.Weareveryproudofhim.HewilltakepartinanimportantraceacrosstheAtlantic.一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)（simplepasttense)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday，lastnight，in1990，twodaysago等。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often，always等表式頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；過(guò)去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他；否定形式①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn’t，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；一般疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他？1.在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。IhadawordwithJuliathismorning.Iheardsomenoiseoutsidelastnight.HetraveledtoAustraliatwoweeksago.2.表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Mysonalwayshatedtogetupearlywhenhewasatschool.3.句型：Itistimesb.didsth.時(shí)間已遲了,早該做某事了Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。wouldrathersb.didsth.表示寧愿某人做某事I'dratheryoucametomorrow.Iwish(that)+…但愿Iwish(that)Iwere/wasyounger.

我真希望能年輕一些。

1.你該去上班了。2.該父親去幼兒園接莉莉的時(shí)候了。Itistimethatyouwenttotheduty.ItistimethatFatherpickedupLilyfromthekindergarten.3.但愿他能經(jīng)常寫(xiě)信。4.我希望愛(ài)滋病永不存在。Iwishthathewrotemoreregularly.IwishthatAIDSneverexisted.5.我希望你是今天來(lái)而不是明天來(lái)。6.我寧愿你留下不走。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.Iwouldratheryouremainedhere.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定和疑問(wèn)形式1.Shedidn’tanswermyletter.Shedidn’tevenreadit.2.Whydidyouthrowthatstoneatme?Didyouintendtokillme?3.Didyouoftendoyourhomeworkintheeveningwhenyouwereapupil?4.---Whatdidyoudolastnight?---Iwrotealettertomybrother,Tim.“Oh

it’s

you

!

I

_________

you.”

“I’ve

had

my

hair

cut.”A.

didn’t

realize

B.

haven’t

realized

C.

didn’t

recognize

D.

don’t

recognized

2.“What’s

her

new

telephone

number?”

“Oh,

I

_________.”A.

forget

B.

forgot

C.

had

forgotten

D.

am

forgetting3.“Since

you’ve

agreed

to

go,

why

aren’t

you

gettingready?”

“But

I

__

that

you

would

have

me

start

at

once.”

A.

don’t

realize

B.

didn’t

realize

C.

hadn’t

realized

D.

haven’t

realizedCAB廣東高考真題再現(xiàn)1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar

(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.（2007廣東）2.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman

(present)thewatertotheoldman.（2010廣東）3.Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor

(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部)，hurryingaheadtogettoabargain．(2009廣東)4.ItwasraininglightlywhenI_________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015全國(guó))brokepresentedpushedarrivedPostcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,I_____(go)toItaly.I______(visit)museumsand_____(sit)inpublicgardens.Afriendlywaiter______(teach)meafewwordsofItalian.Thenhe______(lend)meabook.I_____(read)afewlines,butI_______(notunderstand)aword.EverydayI_______(think)aboutpostcards.Myholidays_______(pass)quickly,butI______(notsend)cardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayI______(make)abigdecision.I_____(get)upearlyand_______(buy)thirty-sevencards.I_____(spend)thewholedayinmyroom,butI________(notwrite)asinglecard!wentvisitedsattaughtlentreaddidnot-thoughtpasseddidnot-madegotboughtspentdidnot-過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：at10o’clocklastnight,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,lastSaturday等；或者與when,while,as引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+doing1.ThistimeyesterdayJackwasnotwatchingTV.Hewasrepairinghisbike.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，杰克不是在看電視，而是在修理自行車。2.Wereyouplayingbasketballatfouryesterdayafternoon?昨天下午四點(diǎn)你們?cè)诖蚧@球嗎?3.Wewerehavingsupperwhenthephonerang.我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)電話響了。Whenwewerehavingsupper,thephonerang.正當(dāng)我們?cè)诔酝盹埖臅r(shí)，電話響了。4.Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.

Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.即時(shí)練：用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空Shirley_____________(write)abooklastmonth,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.2.---HasSamfinishedhishouseworkyet?---Ihavenoidea.He___________(do)itthismorning.3.IfirstmetJohnthreeyearsago.She________(work)ataprivatebank.4.ThereportsaidthattheUFO___________(travel)fromwesttoeastwhenhe_____(see)it.5.Thesun__________(set)whenmycar_______(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.waswritingwasdoingwasworkingwastravelingsawwassettingbroke區(qū)別：when,while,asWewerehavingsupperwhenthephonerang.Wewerehavingsupperasthephonerang.Whenwewerehavingsupper,thephonerang.Aswewerehavingsupper,thephonerang.Whilewewerehavingsupper,thephonerang.注意：1.在由while所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是能夠持續(xù)一定時(shí)間的某種動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。2.當(dāng)要表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行中的情況，只能用while。Shewaslisteningcloselywhilehewasreading

theletter.即時(shí)練：區(qū)別：when,while,asMybrotherfell________________hewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.2.______________shewasreadingthenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.3.Marywasmakingadress__________shecutherfinger.4.________twodetectiveswascarryingtheparcelintotheoffice,twootherswerekeepingguardatthedoor.5.Theparentsweretalkingwiththeteacher________theboywaswaitingoutsidetheoffice.Whilewhileas/when/whileAs/When/Whilewhen/as

根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)句子123WhenLucywasplayingthepiano,Tomknockedatthedoor.LucywasplayingthepianowhenTomknockedatthedoor.

根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)句子1232.WhenLucywassweepingtheroom,thetelephonerang.Lucywassweepingtheroomwhenthetelephonerang.

根據(jù)圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)句子123WhenLucyandhermotherwalkingalongthethestreet,theyfoundawallet.Lucyandhermotherwalkingalongthethestreetwhentheyfoundawallet.過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式：用法：過(guò)去完成時(shí)是用來(lái)表示在某一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)完成了的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有bytheendoflastyear;bythetimesb.+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearned5000newwords.2.ThebushadalreadyleftbythetimeIgotthere.3.WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.4.Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.haddone過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法(一)：敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1.Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenillformonths.2.Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.

即時(shí)練：用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空Thenewscamenosurprisetous.We____________(know)forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.2.ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.We____________(notsee)eachothersincehewenttoBeijing.3.Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She_____________(neverfly)before.4.WhenIrealizedthatshe____________(guess)mypain,Istartedtocryandtoldherthetruth.5.WhenIarrivedatthestation,he_______(leave).hadknownhadn’tseenhadneverflownhadguessedhadleft過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法（二）：在含有定語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1.IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.2.Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.3.Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.4.Hetoldmethathehadboughtnewcar.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法（三）：動(dòng)詞want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。Wehadintendedtocometoseeyou,butIhadtoattendanimportantmeeting.我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你,但我得去出席一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。即時(shí)練：翻譯下列句子我本來(lái)希望能夠存更多的錢(qián)。(hope)我們本來(lái)打算早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。(mean)3.我原以為他知道開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)間。(think)Ihadhopedtosavemoremoney.Wehadmeanttosetoutearly.Ihadthoughtheknewthetimeofthemeeting.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法(四)：表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況從句:If主語(yǔ)+had+done,主句:主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+havedoneIfIhadgotthereearlier,Iwouldhavemether.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他聽(tīng)我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。翻譯下列句子：我如果看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影,我會(huì)把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。如果昨天沒(méi)有下大雨，我們就去露營(yíng)了。

IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.Ifithadnotrainedheavilyyesterday,wewouldhavegonecamping.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法（四）：過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…等固定句型中。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

2.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.3.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.即時(shí)練：翻譯下列句子我剛做完家務(wù)他就來(lái)找我了。我剛走出飯店就遇見(jiàn)了我的朋友。足球賽剛開(kāi)始就下起雨來(lái)了。1.Ihadhardlyfinishedmyhouseworkwhenhecalledforme.2.HardlyhadIgoneoutofthehotelwhenImetmyfriend.3.Nosoonerhadthefootballgamestartedthanitbegantorain.過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法（五）He

looked

as

if

he

had

seen

a

ghost.

他那副樣子好像見(jiàn)到鬼了。It

seemed

as

if

he

had

known

the

fact

already.

他好像早已知道這件事了。即時(shí)練：他看著我，好像從來(lái)不認(rèn)識(shí)我。他的舉動(dòng)好象他做了一件什么了不起的事似的。He

looked

at

me

as

if

he

had

not

known

me.

He

acted

as

if

he

had

done

something

great.

我的老朋友哈里森在回到英國(guó)以前曾多年居住在地中海地區(qū)（theMediterranean）。過(guò)去他?；孟胪诵莺蟮接?guó)，并計(jì)劃在鄉(xiāng)間安頓下來(lái)。他剛一回到英國(guó)便買(mǎi)下了一幢房子住了進(jìn)去。但緊接著他就開(kāi)始抱怨那里的天氣了。因?yàn)榧词鼓菚r(shí)仍為夏季，但雨總是下個(gè)不停，而且常常冷得厲害。在陽(yáng)光下生活了那么多年的哈里森對(duì)此感到驚奇。他的舉動(dòng)就好像他從未在英國(guó)生活過(guò)一樣。最后，他再也忍受不住，還沒(méi)等安頓下來(lái)就賣(mài)掉了房子，離開(kāi)了這個(gè)國(guó)家。他多年來(lái)的幻想從此破滅。哈里森把每件事情都考慮到了，唯獨(dú)沒(méi)想到天氣。Myoldfriend,Harrison,hadlivedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandhadplannedtosettledowninthecountry.Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtahouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadhadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是過(guò)去，即從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻看以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由would，was/weregoingto，was/wereto，was/wereaboutto等加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。一、"would+動(dòng)詞原形"表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，常表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他說(shuō)他要來(lái)看我。HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告訴我他將去北京。二、"was/were+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形"表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)“was/were+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形”也可表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。Shesaidshewasgoingtostartatonce.她說(shuō)她將立即出發(fā)。Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.他告訴我他準(zhǔn)備要回家。三、某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)come,go,leave,arrive,start等嚴(yán)格按照時(shí)間表發(fā)生的表起止的動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.他說(shuō)火車第二天早晨出發(fā)。Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.她告訴我她要來(lái)看我。四、特定場(chǎng)合的一般過(guò)去時(shí)可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Ididn'tknowwhenshewouldcome,butwhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.我不知道她什么時(shí)候來(lái)，但她來(lái)了我會(huì)告訴你。Ididn'tknowifshewouldcome,butifshecameIwouldletyouknow.我不知道她是否來(lái)，但如果她來(lái)我會(huì)告訴你。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)正確形式3個(gè)提示：如果句子中有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)必須與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)保持一致。2.如果句子中沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)必須與句子中其它謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式保持一致。3.如果句子中沒(méi)有其它動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)必須與前（后）兩個(gè)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。I__________(have)dinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_______(work)inalawyer’sofficeyearsago,butnowhe_________(work)atabank.He____(get)agoodsalary,buthealwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriendsandnever_____(pay)itback.Tonysawmeand______(come)andsatatthesametable.Henever__________________(borrow)moneyfromme.Whilehewaseating,I______(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_____(give)methemoneyimmediately.‘Inever_____________(borrow)anymoneyfromyou,’Tonysaid,‘sonowyoucanpayformydinner!’washavingworkedisworkinggetspayscamehasneverborrowedaskedgavehaveneverborrowedI1________(receive)aletterfrommysisteryesterday.ShelivesinNigeria.Inherletter,shesaidthatshe2__________(come)toEnglandnextyear.Ifshecomes,she3_______(get)asurprise.Nowwe4________(live)inabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.Workonit5_________(begin)beforemysisterleft.Thehouse6____________(complete)fivemonthsago.Inmyletter,I7_____(tell)herthatshecouldstaywithus.Thehouse8______(have)manylargeroomsandthereisalovelygarden.Itisaverymodernhouse,soit9______(look)strangetosomepeople.It10_____(be)theonlymodernhouseinthedistrict.receivedwouldcomewillgetarelivinghadbegunwascompletedtoldhaslooksis被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（系動(dòng)詞+done）語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的，要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說(shuō)動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：Thepolicemenarrestedthethiefamomentago.主語(yǔ)/執(zhí)行者賓語(yǔ)/承受者Thethiefwasarrestedbythepolicemenamomentago.主語(yǔ)/承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用：講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(這時(shí)可省by短語(yǔ))。Mybikewasstolenlastnight.Itwassaidthatthelostchildhadbeenfound.2.借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Thechildrenaregivenspecialcareeveryevening.Iwasinformedthatmycarhadbeenstolen.Thestudentsareexpectedtogatherattheschoolgateat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.3.為了更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）1.Youcanseethehouse______foryears.A.isn'tpainted B.hasn'tpaintedC.hasn'tbeenpainted D.hadn'tbeenpainted2.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup3.Intheroomabovethehall,wherethemeeting______,thestudentsaredecoratingit.A.willbeheldB.washeldC.isheldD.willhold4.Anewcinema____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB．isbuiltC．hasbeenbuiltD．isbeingbuiltCBAD被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的形式1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/