第五章水輪機調(diào)速器及調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場調(diào)試運行維護

水輪機調(diào)速器與調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)HydraulicTurbine

Governor

andRegulatingSystem

5

武漢大學蔡維由

WuhanUniversity

CaiWeiyou25水輪機微機調(diào)速器及調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場調(diào)試

SiteAdjustmentofTurbineputer-basedGovernorandRegulatingSystem5.1微機調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場調(diào)試概述OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.2微機調(diào)速器的整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.3微機調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性試驗DynamicProfileTestofputer-basedGoverningSystem5.4微機調(diào)速器運行維護（第五章第二部分）OperationandMaintenanceofputer-basedGovernor35.1微機調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場調(diào)試概述

OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor微機調(diào)速器在現(xiàn)場安裝或者機組大修后均要進行必要的調(diào)整試驗，以便了解調(diào)速器各個環(huán)節(jié)（單元）工作是否正常，調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)整定是否合理，以便保證機組安全、可靠運行，并使調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)具有良好的動態(tài)和靜態(tài)品質(zhì)指標。puter-basedgovernormustgothroughnecessaryadjustmenttestaftersiteinstallationoroverhaulofgeneratorsettoseewhethereachelement(unit)ofgovernorfunctionsproperlyandwhethersettingofadjustmentparametersisreasonablesoastoensuregeneratorsetoperatessafelyandreliablyandadjustmentsystemboastsgooddynamicandstaticqualityindicators.不同型式的微機調(diào)器，其現(xiàn)場調(diào)試方法和具體內(nèi)容也許有所差異，但從主要方面和基本內(nèi)容來看大致相同，下面先就一般微機調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場調(diào)試主要內(nèi)容作一概括介紹，再結(jié)合水電站調(diào)速器的現(xiàn)場調(diào)試作具體說明。Methodsanddetailsofsiteadjustmentvarywithdifferentputer-basedgovernors,butarebasicallythesameinviewofmajoraspectsandbasicitems.Thefollowingtakesmajoritemsinvolvedinsiteadjustmentofordinaryputer-basedgovernorforoverallintroductionandintegratessiteadjustmentofgovernorusedatHydropowerStationforspecificdescription.4

5.1.1

整機靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection

5.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic

5.1.3動態(tài)特性調(diào)試AdjustmentofDynamicCharacteristic5.1微機調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場調(diào)試概述

OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.1

微機調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場調(diào)試概述55.1.1整機靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection整機靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查是調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場安裝（或檢修）中必須進行的調(diào)試項目，一般應(yīng)根據(jù)具體微機調(diào)調(diào)試大綱進行，但就普遍性而言，主要包括如下方面：Integratedstaticadjustmentandinspectionarecompulsoryadjustmentitemsforsiteinstallation(oroverhaul)ofgovernor,whichnormallyshallobservespecificadjustmentoutlineforputer-basedgovernorandmainlyinvolvesfollowingaspectsingeneral:（1）工作電源檢查（1）InspectionofWorkingPowerSupply檢查工作電源（含微機調(diào)開關(guān)電源）在輸入交流電源或直流電源電壓變化-15%～10%額定電壓時，輸出穩(wěn)定度是否能保證微機調(diào)速器正常工作。Inspectwhetheroutputstabilityofworkingpowersupply(includingswitchingpowersupplyofputer-basedgovernor)wheninputwithACpowersupplyorDCpowersupplywith-15%-10%variationofratedvoltagemayguaranteeproperoperationofputer-basedgovernor.（2）機械液壓系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試（2）AdjustmentofMechanical-hydraulicSystem不同伺服系統(tǒng)的微機調(diào)速器，其機械液壓系統(tǒng)可能有很大差別，但具體上機械液壓系統(tǒng)調(diào)試主要是保證在機械手動控制時，能控制機組啟動、停機，能在接力器全行程范圍內(nèi)控制導葉全關(guān)、全開，并能保證接力器在各個開度下能穩(wěn)定運行。以及在自動狀態(tài)下，運行穩(wěn)定，調(diào)節(jié)正確。65.1.1整機靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection具體可參考各水輪機微機調(diào)速器的調(diào)試大綱（或行業(yè)標準“水輪機電液調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)及裝置調(diào)整試驗導則”）。Mechanical-hydraulicsystemofputer-basedgovernorwithdifferentservosystemmaysubstantiallyvarybutadjustmentofmechanical-hydraulicsystemgenerallyaimstomakesureitcancontrolstart-upandshut-downofgeneratorsettogetherwithopeningandclosingofguidevanethroughoutthestrokeofservomotorandensureservomotoroperatesstablywithallopeningsinmechanicallymanualcontrolstate,aswellasfeaturestableoperationandcorrectadjustmentinautomaticstate.Refertoadjustmentoutlineforeachturbineputer-basedgovernor(orindustrialstandard“guidelineforadjustmentofturbineelectrical-hydraulicadjustmentsystemanddevice”)fordetails.（3）人機界面檢查InspectionofputerInterface著重檢查人機界面有關(guān)功能是否正常，機組運行狀態(tài)是否指示正確（如開機、停機、發(fā)電、調(diào)相等），Inspectionisfocusedonwhetherfunctionsofputerinterfaceareproper,whetherindicationofgeneratorsetoperationstatusiscorrect(suchasstart-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),75.1.1整機靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)模式指示是否正確，以及各種故障信號能否正確發(fā)出相應(yīng)故障報警信號等。start-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),whetherindicationofgovernoradjustmentmodeiscorrect,whethervarioustroublesignalscangivecorrespondingtroublealarmsignalsandsoforth.（4）調(diào)速器工作狀態(tài)模擬AnalogofGovernorOperationStatus調(diào)速器工作狀態(tài)模擬主要是檢查各種控制信號是否正確接至調(diào)速器，以及調(diào)速器是否能正確動作。這些模擬包括開機、停機、并網(wǎng)、增減負荷、工作模式切換、緊急停機及故障模擬等，以檢查微機調(diào)速器應(yīng)用軟件工作是否正確，以及機械液壓系統(tǒng)各機械液壓元件動作是否正常。Analogofgovernoroperationstatusmainlyinspectswhethervariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernorandwhethergovernorcanoperateproperly,involvingstart-up,shut-down,on-grid,loadincrease&decrease,switchingofoperationmode,emergencyshut-down,troubleanalogandetc.inordertoinspectwhetherapplicationsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorfunctionscorrectlyandwhetherallmechanical-hydraulicelementsofmechanical-hydraulicsystemoperateproperly.85.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic

靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試主要包括如下內(nèi)容：AdjustmentofstaticCharacteristicmainlyinvolvesfollowingitems:（1）測頻環(huán)節(jié)靜特性檢查InspectionofStaticCharacteristicofFrequencyMeasuringElement

用頻率信號發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生的頻率信號輸入調(diào)速器的測頻輸入端，變更頻率信號發(fā)生器輸出的頻率，檢查微機調(diào)速器人機界面上的頻率顯示，檢查是否一致，以便確定測頻環(huán)節(jié)是否工作正常。Inputfrequencysignalgeneratedbyfrequencysignalgeneratortofrequencymeasuringinputterminalofgovernorandchangefrequencyoutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratortoinspectwhetherfrequencyindicationonputerinterfaceofputer-basedgovernorisconsistentsoastodeterminewhetherfrequencymeasuringelementfunctionsproperly.95.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic（2）伺服系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性試驗StaticCharacteristicTestofServoSystem對不同的伺服系統(tǒng)用不同的輸入信號，檢測其在不同輸入信號下，接力器輸出穩(wěn)態(tài)值，記錄輸入、輸出信號并繪制伺服系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性曲線，并可算出伺服系統(tǒng)的死區(qū)大?。▽Σ煌欧到y(tǒng)的微機調(diào)可按其調(diào)試大綱檢查其伺服系統(tǒng)）。Applydifferentinputsignalstodifferentservosystemstomeasuresteady-statevalueoutputbyservomotorwithdifferentinputsignals,recordinputandoutputsignalsanddrawstaticcharacteristiccurveofservosystem,accordingtowhichsizeofdeadzoneofservosystemiscalculated(forputer-basedgovernorwithdifferentservosystem,itsservosystemmaybeinspectedaccordingtoitsadjustmentoutline.)105.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic（3）調(diào)速器整機靜態(tài)特性測試IntegratedStaticCharacteristicTestofGovernor調(diào)速器整機靜態(tài)特性試驗是調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場調(diào)試中最重要的靜態(tài)特性試驗。它主要用于實測調(diào)速器實際的轉(zhuǎn)速死區(qū)，接力器不準確度，并校核實際的bp值。Integratedstaticprofiletestofgovernoristhemostimportantstaticcharacteristictestinsiteadjustmentofgovernor,mainlyusedtopracticallymeasureactualrotaryspeeddeadzoneofgovernorandinaccuracyofservomotoraswellasverifyactualbpvalue.通常以蝸殼無水情況下，用頻率信號發(fā)生器輸出的頻率信號代替機組頻率，實測一定bp值下，調(diào)速器接力器的行程，以得到機組頻率與接力器行程的關(guān)系特性曲線。借以評價調(diào)速器的靜態(tài)品質(zhì)指標。有的微機調(diào)速器自帶有靜態(tài)特性試驗軟件，則可以用該軟件來測試調(diào)速器整機靜態(tài)特性。Generally,frequencysignaloutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratorwithspiralcasefreefromwaterisusedtosubstitutegeneratorsetfrequencyforpracticalmeasurementofstrokeofgovernorservomotorwithcertainbpvaluetoobtainrelationshipcharacteristiccurvebetweengeneratorsetfrequencyandservomotorstrokesoastoevaluatestaticqualityindicatorsofgovernor.Forsomeputer-basedgovernorbuiltinwithstaticcharacteristictestsoftware,thesoftwareisusedtotestintegratedstaticcharacteristicofgovernor.115.1.3動態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofDynamicCharacteristic動態(tài)特性調(diào)試包括調(diào)速器部分環(huán)節(jié)的動態(tài)特性試驗和整個水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性試驗。AdjustmentofdynamicCharacteristicconsistsofdynamicCharacteristictestofpartgovernorelementsanddynamicprofiletestoftheentireturbineadjustmentsystem.主要包括PID調(diào)節(jié)器動態(tài)特性測試，隨動系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性測試（對伺服系統(tǒng)屬于這種類型的微機調(diào)速器），單機空載穩(wěn)定性試驗，突變負荷試驗，甩負荷試驗，有調(diào)頻任務(wù)的機組，還要做調(diào)頻試驗。通過這些動態(tài)特性試驗，以便評價水輪機調(diào)速器及水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)品質(zhì)。MainlyinvolvingdynamicprofiletestofPIDregulator,dynamicCharacteristictestofservosystem(forputer-basedgovernorwithsuchservosystem),stabilitytestonsinglegeneratorwithoutload,testonsuddenloadvariation,testonloadrejectionandtestonfrequencymodulationforgeneratorsetwithfrequencymodulationtask.SuchdynamicCharacteristictestsarecarriedouttoevaluatedynamicqualityofturbinegovernorandturbineadjustmentsystemdynamicperformance。125.2.1微機調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場組裝調(diào)試SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)

5.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試IntegratedStaticAdjustment5.2.3微機調(diào)速器的整機靜態(tài)調(diào)整IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.2微機調(diào)速器的整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor135.2.1微機調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServo

System(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)(1)

組裝及檢查

AssemblyandInspection1）新裝機組或機組大修時，必須對調(diào)速器機械液壓系統(tǒng)有關(guān)零部件先用汽油或煤油清洗干凈。特別是液壓集成塊、主配壓閥的閥蓋及其它有內(nèi)部油管道的零部件，都要用壓縮空氣吹凈管內(nèi)雜質(zhì)，并用煤油反復(fù)沖洗，再用汽輪機油清洗干凈。1)Partsrelevanttomechanical-hydraulicsystemofgovernormustbecleanedwithgasolineorkerosenebeforeassemblyofnewgeneratorsetoroverhaulofgeneratorset,especiallyhydraulicintegrationblock,valvecoverofmainpressuredistributionvalveandotherpartswithoilpipelinesatinsidethatshallbeblownwithcompressedairtoremoveimpuritiesinsidethepipe,washedrepeatedlywithkeroseneandcleanedwithsteamturbineoil.145.2.1微機調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServo

System(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)2）檢查所有零部件裝配是否符合相關(guān)設(shè)計圖紙的技術(shù)要求，各處“O”型密封墊是否漏裝或碰傷。尤其要注意主配壓閥的上、下高壓耐油石棉橡膠墊等是否裝正，同時要用錐銷或定位螺釘精確定位。Inspectwhetherallpartsareassembledincompliancewithtechnicalrequirementsofrelevantdesigndrawings,whether“O”sealinggasketismissedordamaged,especiallypayattentiontoinspectwhetherupperandlowerhigh-pressureoil-resistantasbestosrubbergasketsofmainpressuredistributionvalvearewellassembled,andusetaperpinorlocatingscrewtolocateprecisely.3）主配壓閥活塞、引導閥針塞任意旋轉(zhuǎn)一個角度，均能靠自重在各自的閥體或襯套內(nèi)自行緩緩下滑，清洗裝配中應(yīng)注意不得碰傷閥盤的棱角，更不得隨意修磨。Bothpistonofmainpressuredistributionvalveandneedleplugofguidevalveshallbeabletoslowlyglideintheirrespectivevalvebodiesorsleevesbyselfweightwhenrotatedbyanyangle.Payattentionnottodamagecornerangleofvalvediskduringcleaningandassemblyanddonotgrindatwill.155.2.1微機調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem

(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)4）對于比例閥、數(shù)字球閥伺服系統(tǒng)的微機調(diào)速器，這些閥組裝配后均必須動作靈活，位置正確；Fortheproportionalvalve,digitalvalveservosystemputergovernor,afterthevalveassemblymustbeflexiblemovementinthecorrectposition;5)對電機伺服系統(tǒng)和步進電機伺服系統(tǒng)的微機調(diào)速器，電機操作機構(gòu)等部件裝配后均必須動作靈活，不得有卡阻現(xiàn)象，所有滑動配合面均應(yīng)上一層黃油。Partssuchasmotoroperationmechanismofputer-basedgovernorwithmotorservosystemandsteppingmotorservosystemmustoperateflexiblywithoutblockingafterassemblyandallslidingfittingsurfacesmustbeappliedwithalayerofgrease.6）在調(diào)速器設(shè)計的額定工作油壓下，所有密封面均不允許有漏油或滲油。Oilleakageoroilimpregnationisnotallowedforallsealingfaceswhengovernorisatdesignratedworkingoilpressure.165.2.1微機調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem

(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)(2)零位調(diào)整AdjusttheBalance

Position

對于有引導閥的伺服系統(tǒng)，將開關(guān)機調(diào)整螺栓先調(diào)至主配壓閥最大行程位置，再開啟油壓裝置的總供油閥，使調(diào)速器各液壓部件充油，然后調(diào)整引導閥于中間位置（也就是主配壓閥在中間位置），使接力器能在任何位置穩(wěn)住為止（可操作開限機構(gòu)手輪或手動控制手輪，使接力器開或關(guān)）。Forservosystemwithguidevalve,firstadjuststart-up&shut-downadjustingbolttomaximumstrokepositionofmainpressuredistributionvalve,openmasteroilsupplyvalveofoilpressuredevicetochargeoiltoallhydraulicpartsofgovernorandthenadjustguidevalvetothemiddle(i.e.mainpressuredistributionvalveislocatedinthemiddle)sothatservomotorisstableatanypositions(youmayoperateopeninglimiterhandwheelormanualcontrolhandwheeltoopenorcloseservomotor).對于手動情況無反饋的系統(tǒng)，一般接力器在5分鐘內(nèi)的漂移小于1mm就可以了，因為這種情況是開環(huán)控制，不可能做到完全不動。Forsystemwithoutmanualfeedback,generallyitisjudgedcompliantifdeviationofservomotorin5minutesislessthan1mmasinthiscase,itisunderopen-loopcontrolsothatcompleteimmobilityisimpossible.175.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment（1）電氣接線及電源檢查

InspectionofElectricalWiringandPowerSupply1）所有電纜是否按電氣配線圖正確連接，信號線是否采用屏蔽電纜，各端子插頭連接是否牢固。Whetherallcablesarecorrectlyconnectedasperelectricalwiringdiagram,whethersignalwireemploysshieldcableandwhethereachterminalplugissecurelyconnected.

2）檢查電氣柜是否安全接地，通?？捎勉~導體（30～35mm寬）將電氣柜體可靠接地，這對防護人身安全和減小電流噪音都是非常重要的。Inspectwhetherelectricalcabinetissafelygrounded,generallygroundedreliablyby(30-35mmwide)copperconductor,whichiscriticallyimportanttoprotectionofpersonalsafetyandreductionofcurrentnoise.

3）檢查輸入電源（AC220V和DC220V）的電壓及極性是否正確；檢查交流、直流分別供電和同時供電時，開關(guān)電源輸出電平是否正確。Inspectwhethervoltageandpolarityofinputpowersupply(AC220VandDC220V)arecorrect;inspectwhetheroutputlevelofswitchingpowersupplyiscorrectwhensuppliedseparatelywithalternatingcurrentordirectcurrentandsuppliedwithbothcurrentatthesametime.

185.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment4）檢查工作電源輸入變化-15%～10%額定電壓時，開關(guān)電源輸出是否正常。Inspectwhetheroutputofswitchingpowersupplyisproperwheninputofworkingpowersupplyhasavariationof-15%-10%ratedvoltage.（2）反饋調(diào)整FeedbackAdjustment1）接力器反饋零點調(diào)整。將調(diào)速器切手動控制，使接力器全關(guān)，調(diào)整接力器反饋電平在50mV～100mV（或者為4mA）即可，并使接力器開度指示調(diào)為零。1)Forservomotorfeedbackzeroadjustmentofservomotorswitchgovernortomanualcontrol,fullycloseservomotor,adjustfeedbacklevelofservomotorto50mV-100mV(or4mA)andsetindicationofservomotoropeningtozero.2）手動將接力器開到全開，調(diào)整反饋傳感器（有的微機調(diào)速器要調(diào)整綜合放大器中的反饋電路），使反饋電平在9.8V～10V（或者為20mA）之間，并將導葉開度指示設(shè)定為100%。2)Fullyopenservomotorbyhand,adjustfeedbacksensor(forsomeputer-basedgovernors,adjustalsofeedbackcircuitinintegrationamplifier)tomakefeedbacklevelbe9.8V-10V(or20mA)andsetindicationofguidevaneopeningto100%.195.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment3）將接力器全關(guān)至全開操作幾次，檢查零點和全開值是否改變。若改變超過范圍，應(yīng)重新調(diào)整，直到滿足要求為止。Fullyopenandcloseservomotorforseveraltimestoinspectwhetherthereischangeinzeropointandfull-openingvalueandifchangeexceedstherange,readjusttotheextentofcompliance.如果是雙重調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)速器，槳葉(折向器)反饋調(diào)整方法同導葉(噴針)。Fordual-adjustmentgovernor,adjustmentmethodofbladeisthesameasthatofguidevane.對于電機伺服系統(tǒng)和步進電機伺服系統(tǒng)的微機調(diào)速器，伺服電機或步進電機的反饋應(yīng)視其構(gòu)成的電液轉(zhuǎn)換元件的具體型式，按生產(chǎn)廠家產(chǎn)品調(diào)試大綱進行調(diào)整。同時，調(diào)整好伺服電機或步進電機的驅(qū)動電源（對于有定位模塊的伺服系統(tǒng)，還應(yīng)整定好定位模塊）。Forputer-basedgovernorwithmotorservosystemandsteppingmotorservosystem,feedbackofservomotororsteppingmotorshallbeadjustedaccordingtomanufacturer’sadjustmentoutlinesubjecttospecificmodelofelectrical-hydraulictransductionelement.Inaddition,welladjustdrivepowersupplyofservomotororsteppingmotor(forservosystemwithlocatingmodule).205.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment（3）接力器最短關(guān)閉時間或兩段關(guān)閉時間調(diào)整AdjustShortestClosingTimeorTwo-segmentClosingTimeofServomotor

當電站過水系統(tǒng)的水流慣性時間常數(shù)不是很大時，通常接力器采用一段直線關(guān)閉規(guī)律。這種情況下，接力器最短關(guān)閉時間取決于電站調(diào)節(jié)保證計算，即按調(diào)節(jié)保證計算所得的接力器最短關(guān)閉時間來整定主配壓閥活塞的關(guān)側(cè)行程（或主配壓閥開側(cè)排油管節(jié)流孔大小），以控制主接力器最快關(guān)閉速度。

Whenflowinertiatimeconstantofwaterpassagesystemofpowerstationisnotlarge(i.e.),servomotorgenerallyemploystheruleofone-segmentlinearclosing.Inthiscase,shortestclosingtimeofservomotorisdependentonadjustmentguarantycalculationofpowerstation,namelypistonstrokeatclosingsideofmaindistributionvalveorthrottleholeofoildischargepipeatopeningsideofmaindistributionvalveissetaccordingtotheshortestclosingtimeobtainedfromadjustmentguarantycalculationtocontrolfastestclosingspeedofmainservomotor.215.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment具體方法是：先手動操作使接力器開到全開。然后使緊急停機電磁閥勵磁動作，使接力器緊急關(guān)閉，此時可用秒表記錄（或用計算機直接記錄接力器行程）開度指示表從80％關(guān)至30％的時間，該時間的兩倍就是接力器最短直線關(guān)閉時間。Detailedas:firstmanualoperatetofullyopenservomotor,thenemergentlystopexcitationoperationofelectromagneticvalvetoemergentlycloseservomotor,whenthetimeofopeningindicationgaugetoclosefrom80%to30%isrecordedwithstopwatchandtwicethetimeistheshortestlinearclosingtimeofservomotor.如果測得的與調(diào)節(jié)保證計算值相一致，則調(diào)整結(jié)束。如果不等，則應(yīng)根據(jù)實測值與計算值進行比較，并重新整定好主配關(guān)側(cè)行程（或開側(cè)排油管節(jié)流孔）再試，直到滿足要求為止。Adjustmentendswhenmeasuredvalueisconsistentwithcalculationvalueofadjustmentguarantee.Ifinconsistent,compareactuallymeasuredvaluewithcalculationvalueandresetstrokeatclosingsideofmaindistributionvalue(orthrottleholeofoildischargepipeatopeningside)foranotherattempttotheextentofrequirementfulfilled.

225.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment對于有兩段關(guān)閉裝置的調(diào)速器，應(yīng)按廠家調(diào)試大綱調(diào)整好兩段關(guān)閉時間。Forgovernorwithtwo-segmentclosingdevice,welladjustclosingtimeoftwosegmentsaccordingtomanufacturer’sadjustmentoutline.對于佩爾頓水輪機，接力器最短關(guān)閉時間要按調(diào)節(jié)保證計算要求，分別調(diào)整折向器接力器和噴針接力器的最短關(guān)閉時間。調(diào)整折向器接力器的最短關(guān)閉時間是保證甩全負荷時機組轉(zhuǎn)速上升值不超過調(diào)保計算的轉(zhuǎn)速上升限定值；調(diào)整噴針接力器的最短關(guān)閉時間是保證甩全負荷時機組壓力鋼管和配水環(huán)管的壓力上升值不超過調(diào)保計算的壓力上升限定值。ForPeltonturbine,theshortest

closetimeofservomotor

iscalculatedaccordingto

theadjustment

guaranteed

requirements,whichwereadjustedtheshortest

closetimeofdeflectorservomotorandneedleservomotor.AdjustingtheshortestclosetimeofdeflectorservomotorisguaranteedthatunitincreasespeeddoesnotexceedthespeedlimitriseWhenunloadingatfullload;AdjustingtheshortestclosetimeofneedleservomotorisguaranteedthatpressureofunitpenstockanddistributionmainsdoesnotexceedthepressurelimitriseWhenunloadingatfullload;235.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment具體調(diào)整是通過調(diào)整各相應(yīng)的邏輯閥（或節(jié)流閥）的開口來整定最短關(guān)閉時間的。Specificadjustmentisachievedbyadjustingtherespectivelogicopeningofvalvetosettingtheshortestclosingtime.（4）人機界面檢查InspectionofputerInterface1）檢查人機界面各畫面及相應(yīng)功能是否正常，畫面刷新及切換是否正確（如將頻率信號發(fā)生器輸出的頻率信號代表機組頻率送入調(diào)速器，檢查人機界面中的頻率指示是否一致；將接力器手動操作至某一開度，檢查顯示的接力器開度值是否正確等）。Inspectwhetherallscreensandrelevantfunctionsofputerinterfaceareproper,whetherscreenrefreshandswitchingarecorrect(forexampleinputfrequencysignaloutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratorrepresentinggeneratorsetfrequencyintogovernortoinspectwhetherfrequencyindicatedinputerinterfaceisconsistent;operateservomotormanuallytoanopeningtoinspectwhetherdisplayedservomotoropeningvalueiscorrect).245.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

2）檢查機組運行狀態(tài)是否能正確指示（如模擬開機、停機、發(fā)電、調(diào)相等），調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)模式設(shè)置及切換是否指示正確，以及各故障能否正確地發(fā)出相應(yīng)的故障報警信號等。2)Inspectwhetheroperationstatusofgeneratorsetiscorrectlyindicated(suchasanalogofstart-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),whethersettingandswitchingofgovernoradjustmentmodearecorrectlyindicated,whethereverytroublecangivecorrectcorrespondingtroublealarmsignalandsoforth.255.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment(5)工作狀態(tài)及故障模擬AnalogofOperationStatusandTrouble

工作狀態(tài)模擬對微機調(diào)速器是非常必要的一種測試，它主要是用來檢查各種控制信號是否正確接至調(diào)速器，以及調(diào)速器的相關(guān)控制軟件（對微機調(diào)）是否工作正常，有關(guān)部件能否正確動作。故障模擬是檢驗微機調(diào)速器在有關(guān)故障情況下，容錯功能是否能正常發(fā)揮作用，具體模擬主要包括如下內(nèi)容：Operationstatusanalogisantestextremelynecessaryforputer-basedgovernor,mainlyusedtoinspectwhethervariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernor,whethercontrolsoftwarerelevanttogovernor(forputer-basedgovernor)functionsproperlyandwhetherrelevantpartsoperatecorrectly.Troubleanalogaimstoinspectwhetherfault-tolerantfunctioncanfunctionproperlyincaseputer-basedgovernorfails.Specifically,analogmainlyinvolvesfollowingitems:265.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment1）開機模擬Start-upanalog

由中控室（或現(xiàn)地）模擬發(fā)開機令，調(diào)速器電氣開限（如果有機械開限則也包含機械開限）應(yīng)開啟至機組啟動開度，接力器也開到啟動開度。模擬機組升速，使機組轉(zhuǎn)速升至90%，則電氣開限應(yīng)關(guān)回空載整定開度，接力器也關(guān)至空載整定開度。如果調(diào)速器動作正確，說明微機調(diào)速器開機控制軟件基本工作正確。Whencentralcontrolroomsimulatestogiveopeningcommand,electricalopeninglimiter(includingalsomechanicalopeninglimiterifany)ofgovernorshallopentostart-upopeningofgeneratorsetandsodoes.Foranalogofgeneratorsetspeedincrease,whenspeedofgeneratorsetisincreasedto90%,electricalopeninglimitershallclosetono-loadsetopeningandsodoesservomotor.Correctfunctioningofgovernorindicatesstart-upcontrolsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorbasicallyfunctionsproperly.275.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

2）并網(wǎng)模擬On-gridanalog進一步模擬升高機組轉(zhuǎn)速，使之達到額定轉(zhuǎn)速，模擬機組發(fā)電機出口開關(guān)閉合，此時，電氣開限應(yīng)開至全開（或開至按水頭計算的開度），如果有機械開限，則機械開限全開。這說明并網(wǎng)后控制正確。Whenfurthersimulatetoincreaserotaryspeedofgeneratorsettoratedrotaryspeedandsimulateclosingofswitchatgeneratoroutlet,electricalopeninglimitershallfullyopen(oropentotheopeningcalculatedaccordingtohydraulichead)andsodoesmechanicalopeninglimiterifany,whichindicateson-gridcontroliscorrect.3）增減負荷模擬Analogofloadincreaseanddecrease模擬增功率操作（可在中控室操作或機旁調(diào)速柜上操作），噴針接力器開度應(yīng)增大；再模擬減功率操作，噴針接力器開度應(yīng)減小。若動作正常，說明增減功率功能正常。Whensimulatepowerincreaseoperation(eitheroperateincentralcontrolroomorongoverningcabinetbesidethegenerator),openingofneedleservomotorshallincrease;whensimulatepowerdecreaseoperation,openingofneedleservomotorshalldecrease.Ifso,itindicatespowerincreaseanddecreasefunctionsareproper.285.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

4）停機模擬Shut-downanalog由中控室（或現(xiàn)地）模擬機組停機，調(diào)速器自動減功率給定，接力器開度減小至空載開度，再模擬跳發(fā)電機出口開關(guān)，開度限制應(yīng)自動關(guān)至全關(guān)，接力器也應(yīng)關(guān)至全關(guān)。Whencentralcontrolroomsimulatesshut-downofgeneratorset,governorshallautomaticallyreducepowersettingandopeningofservomotorshallreducetono-loadopening.Whensimulatetripofswitchatgeneratoroutlet,openinglimitershallautomaticallyclosecompletelyandthesodoesservomotor.5）緊急停機模擬Analogofemergencyshut-down模擬機組開機、并網(wǎng)帶一定負荷，使接力器開到某一開度（大于空載開度），然后模擬機組事故，使事故繼電器動作，則緊急停機電磁閥動作，開限關(guān)至全關(guān)，接力器也關(guān)到全關(guān)。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithcertainloadtoopenservomotortoanopening(largerthanno-loadopening)andthensimulategeneratorsetaccidenttoactuateaccidentrelay,emergencyshut-downelectromagneticvalveshalloperate,openinglimitershallclosecompletelyandsodoesservomotor.295.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment如果這些模擬均動作正常，則說明各種控制信號已正確接至調(diào)速器，微機調(diào)速器相關(guān)軟件工作正確。Ifalltheseanalogsoperateproperly,itindicatesvariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernorandrelevantsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorfunctionsproperly.6）機頻故障模擬Analogoffrequencytrouble模擬機組開機、并網(wǎng)帶一定負荷，解除機頻信號，模擬機頻故障，則調(diào)速器故障顯示畫面中顯示“機頻故障”，而不同微機調(diào)則可能采用不同的容錯措施（有的取網(wǎng)頻作機頻，保持原功率自動運行；有的則切為手動，保持原功率手動運行）。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithcertainload,releasefrequencysignalandsimulatefrequencytrouble,troubledisplayscreenofgovernorshallindicate“frequencytrouble”.Differentputer-basedgovernorsmayemploydifferentfault-tolerantmeasures(somemayoperateautomaticallybytakinggridfrequencyasitsfrequencyandmaintainingoriginalpower;somemayswitchtomanualmodeandoperatemanuallywithoriginalpower)305.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment對網(wǎng)頻故障（開機過程）則通常把頻率給定切至微機調(diào)速器的頻率給定。Forgridfrequencytrouble,frequencysettingisgenerallyswitchedtothatofputer-basedgovernor.7）接力器反饋故障模擬AnalogofServomotorfeedbacktrouble模擬機組開機、并網(wǎng)帶負荷。然后解除導葉反饋，模擬接力器反饋故障，則不同微機調(diào)速器可能采用不同的容錯方式，有的調(diào)速器容錯采用自動切手動運行，而對具有自復(fù)中的無油電液轉(zhuǎn)換器的微機調(diào)速器，則此時電機失磁，無油電轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)中，調(diào)速器故障顯示畫面中顯示接力器反饋故障，接力器開度基本不變。恢復(fù)接力器反饋后，接力器應(yīng)基本在原開度值。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithload,thenreleasefeedbackofServomotor,andsimulateServomotorfeedbacktrouble,differentputer-basedgovernorsmaytakedifferentfault-tolerantmeasures,wheresomegovernorsswitchautomaticallytomanualoperation,whileforputer-basedgovernorwithoil-freeelectrical-hydraulicconverterthatcanautomaticallyreturntothemiddle,motorlosesexcitation,oil-freeelectricrotorreturnstothemiddle,governortroubledisplayscreendisplaysServomotorfeedbacktroubleandservomotoropeningremainsunchanged.Servomotorshallkeepatoriginalopeningafterguidevanefeedbackisrestored.315.2.2整機靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment有的微機調(diào)速器可能有更多的故障容錯功能，可按其產(chǎn)品調(diào)試大綱進行故障模擬。故障模擬動作正確，說明微機調(diào)速器對應(yīng)故障容錯功能設(shè)計正確，相應(yīng)軟件工作正常。Someputer-basedgovernorsmayhavemoretroublefault-tolerantfunctions,ofwhichanalogissubjecttoitsproductadjustmentoutline.Correctoperationintroubleanalogindicatestroublefault-tolerantfunctionofputer-basedgovernoriscorre