英語(yǔ)書(shū)信格式或便條格式

英語(yǔ)書(shū)信格式或便條格式(一)英文書(shū)信的組成部分英文書(shū)信一般由六部分組成。即:信頭(Heading)、信內(nèi)地址(InsideAddress),稱(chēng)呼(Salutation),正文(BodyofLetter)結(jié)束語(yǔ)(ComplimentaryClose)>署名(Signature),有時(shí)在書(shū)信后面還有附言(Postscript)、附件(Enclosure),這得視具體情況而定。下面將分別說(shuō)明。1.信頭(Heading)信頭是指寫(xiě)信人的地址和寫(xiě)信日期，一般寫(xiě)在或打在第一面信紙的右上角，先寫(xiě)地址再寫(xiě)日期，地址的寫(xiě)法是從小到大，先寫(xiě)門(mén)牌號(hào)、路號(hào)，再寫(xiě)區(qū)名、市名、省名，最后寫(xiě)國(guó)名。時(shí)間的寫(xiě)法對(duì)英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人而言是不同的。英國(guó)人習(xí)慣按日、月、年的順序?qū)?，而美?guó)人習(xí)慣按月、日、年的順序?qū)?。例如：英式?stOctober,1999美式:October1,1999在使用前一種形式時(shí)，月和年之間的逗號(hào)可用可不用，但是在后一種形式中，必需要使用逗號(hào)。信頭的寫(xiě)法有縮進(jìn)式和齊頭式?？s進(jìn)式每行開(kāi)頭向右縮進(jìn)一兩個(gè)字母;齊頭式左邊對(duì)齊排列，如下所示：縮進(jìn)式WangMingDept,ofChemicalEngineeringDalianUniversityofTechnologyDalian116023LiaoningProvinceP.R.China齊頭式WangMingDept,ofChemicalEngineeringAsconcernasthemissedlessonsduringmyabsence,IpromiseIwilldomybesttocatchthemonafterIcomebacktothecampus.Wishforyourallowance.YoursrespectfullyXXX*本文是一封請(qǐng)假條，一般我們要向上級(jí)或老師請(qǐng)假，通常用的是ackforleave這個(gè)短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)三天假可寫(xiě)作：askforthrccdays'leave;因病請(qǐng)假則是askforsickleave.leave在這里是名詞用法，文中用的短語(yǔ)是applyfor意為"申請(qǐng)”，含有更加鄭重的意味，常用于下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)或晚輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，"Onlychild”意為“獨(dú)生子女”相應(yīng)的，“獨(dú)生女"譯作"onlydaughter"而“獨(dú)生子”譯作“onlyson”.Asconcernas.后面跟名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),意為“涉及到，至于“與Concerning同意，兩者可以互換。2)約請(qǐng)(Invitation)例Directions:YouhaveatickettotheRussianNationalBalletTroupe,whichisvisitingandyouwanttogiveittoyourfriendAlice.Writeanotetoherandsay:thetimeoftheshow,theplacewhereyouwillwaitforherYoushouldwriteabout100words.SundayDearAlice,Hereisapieceofgoodnewsforyou.TheRussianNationalBalletTroupe,whichisnowonavisitinBeijing,willgiveaperformanceintheBeijingGrandTheatertomorrowevening.Iamsurethatyouwillbehappytowatchit.HereIleaveyouanadmissioncard.Theperformancewil1beginatseveno,clocksharp.Iwillwaitforyouatthetheaterentrance.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouarepreventedfromcomingornot.XXX*約朋友一起去看戲，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一張便條，但又怕朋友來(lái)不了，所以在便條最后特地寫(xiě)上“如果你來(lái)不了，告訴我一聲"(Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouarepreventedfromcoming）此文的waitfor也可以用expect代替。3）道歉（Apology）人非圣賢，孰能無(wú)過(guò)。在社會(huì)交往中，人們常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些疏忽、過(guò)失等。如果發(fā)生此類(lèi)事情，就會(huì)給對(duì)方帶來(lái)麻煩和不便。為了避免誤解，不影響感情，在這種情況下，應(yīng)寫(xiě)信給對(duì)方予以解釋?zhuān)哉?qǐng)求諒解。此類(lèi)信要寫(xiě)得及時(shí)，態(tài)度要誠(chéng)懇，用詞需謙遜。一般在信一開(kāi)始就向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢饣騼?nèi)疚，然后說(shuō)明原因并提出補(bǔ)救的辦法。Directions:Youhavemissedadateofyourfriend,nowyouhavetowritealetterforappologizationinabout100words.May20thDearLily,IamsorryImissedseeingyouyesterday.Iknowthatyoumusthavebeendisappointed.Talsofeelworriedandanxiousinmyheart.ThefactisthatmymanageratthelastmomentaskedmetoprepareaurgentplanwhileIcouldnotgettoaphonetocallyouandyesterdayIhaveworkedlateuntilabout8:30p.m.Iamterriblysorry.However,Iwouldliketoaskyououtthisweekendtomakeupforyesterday.PleasegivemeachanceandIamwaitingforyourreply.XXX臨時(shí)有事未能赴約，一定要把事情解釋清楚并真誠(chéng)的道歉，最好能有彌補(bǔ)（t。make*up）,就像這封信里所說(shuō)的那樣，邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方周末再碰頭（Iwouldliketoaskyououtthisweekend）注意英文句子youmusthavebeendisappointed中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去行為。這句話應(yīng)該理解為“你當(dāng)時(shí)一定感到很失望”。Directions:Youhavereceivedainvitationfromyourfriend,butyouhavealreadyhadsomeguestsinyourhouse.Pleaseexpressthereasonyoucan,tgoclearlyinabout100words.AprilDearLucy,TdoappologizeforhavingtosendthisletteraboutSaturdaynight.WhenIacceptedyourinvitation,IsimplyforgotthatSaturdaywasaholidayandthatmyownguestswerenotleavinguntilSundaymorning.Itisdifficultformetomakeachoice.ThoughIalsowondertomeetyouverymuch.Icouldnotverywellgooutbymyselfandleavetheguestsatmyhome.IhopeyouknowhowsorryIamnottobewithyouthisSaturday.ShouldImakeavisittoyouinmyothersparetime?Thankyouverymuch.XXX*自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受別人邀請(qǐng)去做客所以可以明正言順的表示拒絕或可另約時(shí)間。英文要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可以加上助動(dòng)詞，例如：Idoapologizeforbeinglate.Uedidcomeyesterday.例3Directions:Youarealreadyhaveadatewithyourfriendbutsuddenlyhaveanotherthingtodoandyouhavetotellyourfriendthatyoucan,tgo.Expressyourreasonclearlyinabout100words.Monday9:00a.mDearJane,lamsorrytotellyouthatIwon,tbeabletocomethisafternoonbecauseIhavetogototheairportat2:00p.m.tomeetanoverseasvisitorfromAustralia.Ireallyhavekeptourdatdinmymindallthesedays,however,Ireceivedmyboss,e-mailthismorning,heaskedmetogototheairporttomeetoneofhisfriendsfromabroad,it'ssuddenlyandurgentandImustgo.Pleaseforgiveme.Wouldyoupleaseringmeuptomakeanothertime?Manythanks.XXX*因有事而不能赴約，只能另約時(shí)間(tomake或tofixanothertime)0寫(xiě)信人Bluce很可能是英國(guó)人,因?yàn)樗?打電話"說(shuō)成toringsomebodyup,美國(guó)人通常說(shuō)tocallsomebody。英國(guó)人打電話還可以說(shuō)togivesomebodyaring,不要錯(cuò)以為別人要送你個(gè)戒指。與別人已經(jīng)定好的約會(huì)卻臨時(shí)不能赴約時(shí)，應(yīng)說(shuō)明原因并誠(chéng)懇地道歉，以期獲得別人的諒解。4)借物(Borrowing)例Directions:Youaregoingtowriteanoteforborrowingsth.pleasedescribetheseinformationclearly.thethingyouaskdetailedwhatyouaregoingtodowithit.howlongwillyoutakeit.TuesdayDearXiaoWang:IwonderifIcouldborrowyourelectronicdictionaryforafewdays.NowIamtranslatingsomeimportantarticles.TherearemanynewwordswhichIhavetolookupthedictionaryusually.Ijusthaveapaperdictionarybutofcourseit'snotasconvenientastheelectronicone,whichhasabadeffectuponmyvelocityofmytranslating.SoIthinkyourelectonicdictionaryismoresuitableformetocompletemywork.IpromisethatImustbeverycarefulofyourdictionaryandmakenodamagedoneonit.Thankyouverymuch!YourseverXXX*字典是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪谐Ｓ玫膶W(xué)習(xí)工具，但是千萬(wàn)不能直接從字面上認(rèn)為“查字典"就是字heckth是ictionary"，而應(yīng)該用“l(fā)ookup”這個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。“影響”有一個(gè)很地道的短語(yǔ)。"haveeffectupon/on"，后面接受影響的人或物，如果是積極影響就在have和effect之間加agood，反之，就加“abad”其他的形容詞例如great,remarkable也可以用來(lái)修飾effect,此詞在這里是名詞。5)回復(fù)友人問(wèn)侯(ReplyforRegards)例Directions:Youhavejusthadaoperation,andreceivedanoteofregardsfromyourfriendJenny.Nowpleasewriteareplytohertotellheryourcurrentsituation.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Jan.8th.DearJenny,ThanksforyourletterofsympthyIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterday.Theoperationonmylegwasawonderfulsuccess.YouknowThadbeensufferingalotfrommylegsincemychildhood.Theoperationremovedthecauseoftrouble.Itisquiteworthhavingtheoperation.Iamdailyrecoveringfrommyillness.I'mconfidcntIwillsoonbeintheofficeagainafterpropertreatment.Thankyouforkindwishes.MybestwishestoallyourfamilyXXX*這是對(duì)好友問(wèn)侯便條的回復(fù)。形式簡(jiǎn)單，內(nèi)容明了。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)“Ihadbeensufferingimychildhood”表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。例2Directions:Yourfatherisseriouslyill,andyouwanttogobackhome.Writeanotetothesecretaryanditshouldinclude.thecauseforleaving;thedays:from16thto21st;Catchonthelessonafterreturningschool.July5thDearMissHuang,Mysistercalledmelastnight,andshesaidthatmyfatherisdangerouslyill.Ibegtoapplyforsevendays*leaveofabsencefrom16thto21stinstant,inorderthatTcanseemybelovedfather.Ishouldbemuchobligedifyouwouldgrantmemyapplication.Asregardsthelessonstobemissedduringmyabsence,Iwi11domybesttomakeupforthemassoonasIgetbackfromhome.Sincerelyyours,DalianUniversityofTechnologyDalian116023LiaoningProvinceP.R.China2.信內(nèi)地址(InsideAddress)信內(nèi)地址要寫(xiě)出收信人的姓名和地址。一般給比較生疏的親友的信和公事信件要寫(xiě)出信內(nèi)地址，而熟悉朋友可以省去這一步驟。信內(nèi)地址寫(xiě)出在日期下一兩行的左上角，第一行寫(xiě)收信人的稱(chēng)呼姓名，然后寫(xiě)出地址。地質(zhì)也是從小到大寫(xiě)出，分縮進(jìn)式和齊頭式兩種。例如：縮進(jìn)式ThePresidentOxfordUniversityEngland齊頭式JiangBin64HepingRoadP.R.China.稱(chēng)呼(Salutation)稱(chēng)呼是對(duì)收信人的稱(chēng)謂。在信內(nèi)地址下一兩行處頂格寫(xiě)起，自成一行。末尾用逗號(hào)或冒號(hào)。(1)當(dāng)給一位熟悉的人寫(xiě)信時(shí)可以用Dear或是MyDear。在英國(guó)，MyDear比Dear親切，而在美國(guó)，Dear比MyDear親切。(2)當(dāng)給一位你不知婚否的女性寫(xiě)信時(shí)，可以用Ms.……，這是指〃……女士〃。(3)在給不熟悉的人寫(xiě)信時(shí)，可以用Dearsir,DearMadam,Dearsirs,Gentleman箋箋守守o正文(BodyofLetter)正文是一封信的主體部分。通常在稱(chēng)呼的下一行寫(xiě)出。正文也可采用齊頭式或縮進(jìn)式的方法。齊頭式是反映每段開(kāi)頭一行和后面行并齊?？s進(jìn)式是指每段的第一行向右縮進(jìn)兒個(gè)字母。信箋講究簡(jiǎn)潔、效率。開(kāi)頭幾句簡(jiǎn)單地寒暄后就不如正題，在結(jié)尾處要有祝愿和敬語(yǔ)。常用的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)有：IhavereceivedyourletterofJuly1st.7月1日來(lái)信已經(jīng)收悉。Ihavethepleasuretotellyouthat.很高興告訴你。Iamverymuchdelightedtoreceiveyourletter.非常高興收到你的來(lái)信。Itismyhonortoinformyouthat很榮幸告訴你。常用的結(jié)束套話有：Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou盼早日回信。Wishbestregards.祝好。Thankyouforyourhelp感謝你的幫助?Wishmybestwishesforyoursuccess.祝你成功。Wishingyouahappyholiday.祝假日愉快~Hopingtohearfromyousoon.希望能盡快收到你的回信。，結(jié)束語(yǔ)(ComplimentaryClose)結(jié)束語(yǔ)在正文之后隔一兩行的偏右方開(kāi)始寫(xiě)出。開(kāi)頭字母用大寫(xiě)，以后的字母用小寫(xiě)，最后一個(gè)詞后面用逗句。常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)有：一般非正式的關(guān)系：Yourssincerely,Yourstruly,Yoursfaithfully,Mostsincerely,Faithfullyyours,親密的關(guān)系：Love,Yourslove,YoursAffectionately,Withlove,Lovinglyyours,Yoursever,上級(jí)和長(zhǎng)者：Yoursrespectfully,Faithfullyyours,,署名（Signature）在結(jié)束語(yǔ)的下方是簽名，先手寫(xiě)出，再打出來(lái)。如果收信人不認(rèn)識(shí)寫(xiě)出信人，可以在署名前用括號(hào)標(biāo)出Mr.、Miss或Ms。在名稱(chēng)下面可注上頭銜。如：Yourssincerely,LucyBlake（手寫(xiě)）LucyBlake（Miss）（打?。㏒alesManager，附言（Postscript）,附件（Enclosure）在信件正文寫(xiě)作時(shí)可能漏掉了某些事，或臨時(shí)發(fā)生了某事需要補(bǔ)充時(shí)，可以在信下面左下方寫(xiě)出上P.S.如果隨信有附件可在愛(ài)左下端注明。如：Enclosure:1.Invoice（發(fā)票）2.Resume（個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷）（二）英文書(shū)信實(shí)例上面介紹了英文寫(xiě)信的主要組成部分以及各部分的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)，接卜來(lái)我們將提供五種英文書(shū)信的范例。當(dāng)朋友有了喜事，如結(jié)婚、高升、獲獎(jiǎng)的時(shí)候，你可以向他寫(xiě)出一封祝賀信，表達(dá)你的囑咐與恭賀。例文，MechanicalEngineeringDepartmentDalianUniversityofTechnologyDalian116023Liaoning,ChinaNovember28,1999Mr.WangXimingMechanicalEngineeringDepartmentMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyCambridge,Mass.02139U.S.A.DearMr.Wang,ThankyouforyourletterofNovember3,1999.Iamsorrynottohavewrittenbackearlierbuttimeseemstopasssoquickly.Ilearntfromyourletterthatyouhadreceivedyoumaster'sdegree.Iwouldliketocongratulateyouonyoursplendidsuccess.InthisletterIambringingyouapieceofgoodnews:yourwifegaveabirthofaboylastweekandsheinsingoodhealthnow.Thebabyweighedeightjinatbirth.Yesterdaymywifeandsomeotherneighborswenttothehospitaltoseeyourwifeandtocongratulateheronthebirth.Shetoldthemthatshehadbeennursedwiththebestcaresinceshewasinhospital.NowI'mtakingtheVisitingSchoolTestinBeijing.IfIpasstheexamination,I'11leaveforAmericasoon.Ifnot,I'11waitforanotherchance.I'veneverbeentotheU.S.A.,andIknowlittleabouttheinstitutionsandcustomsthere.Ihopethatyouwillwritetomeandtellmemoreaboutthem.Withbestregardstoyouandyourclassmates.Yourssincerely,ZhangJiao2感謝信當(dāng)別人幫了你一個(gè)忙時(shí)，你應(yīng)該給他寫(xiě)封信，以示感激。例文，DearJohn:Thankyouverymuchforthenicebirthdaypresentyouhavesentme!Ihavebeenlongingforadictionaryforalongtime.Itwillsurlybeveryhelpfultomystudy.It'sveryniceofyoutoremembermybirthday.I,11makegooduseofthedictionaryandI'11thinkofyouwithgratitudeandaffectioneverytimeIuseit.Love,Sally3邀請(qǐng)信當(dāng)邀請(qǐng)某位朋友參加活動(dòng)，如交游、宴會(huì)時(shí)，可以寫(xiě)一封邀請(qǐng)信。信的語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該謙遜，熱情。例文，DearMr.Clark:WearewonderingifyouandMrs.ClarkwanttohavesupperwithusonFriday,January21statseveno'clock?JamesandIare1ookingforwardwithgreatpleasuretoseeingyouandMrs.Clark.Wedohopeyoucancome.Sincerelyyours,LucyWheeler4申請(qǐng)信當(dāng)申請(qǐng)一項(xiàng)工作，或是申請(qǐng)一個(gè)學(xué)校留學(xué)時(shí)，都應(yīng)該使用申請(qǐng)信。申請(qǐng)信應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)潔、明確、如實(shí)地反映你的才能、成績(jī)、愿望和目標(biāo)。例文，下面是一封申請(qǐng)留學(xué)的書(shū)信：TheDepartmentofCivilEngineeringDalianUniversityofTechnologyDalian116023LiaoningProvinceP.R.ChinaNovember20,1999Prof.SteeveHunterTheDept.OfCivilEngineering****UniversityNewYour,NY10017U.S.ADearProfessorSteeveHunter,Ihaveformanyyearscherishedthehopeofstudyingcivilengineeringunderyourpersonalguidanceasagraduatestudentinyouruniversity,towhichyournamehasaddedsomuchluster.IwasenrolledtostudycivilengineeringintheDepartmentofCivilEngineeringOfZhejiangUniversityinSeptember1992.IgraduatedfromZhejiangUniversityinJuly1996.Andeversincemygraduation,IhavebeenteachingintheDepartmentofCivilEngineeringofDalianUniversityofTechnology.Ifyoucouldtellthenecessanyprocedureoftakingthegraduatecourseofyourdepartment,Iwillbeverygratefultoyou.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Sincerelyyours,ZhaoHui（手寫(xiě)）ZhaoHui（打?。┭a(bǔ)充回答：經(jīng)典范文:DearMyFriend,Howareyou?DoyouwanttoknowaboutmyEnglishstudy?0K,Iwilltellyou.IstudyEnglishatSundayafternoonattwoo'clock.IstudyJianQiaoEnglish.And,lastSaterdayItookpartinthePublicEnglishTest.IthinkIcanpass.And,nextMonday,myschoolwi