2019中考上海中考英語總復習-從句(匯編)

精品文檔精品文檔賓語從句和定語從句授課類型C賓語從句C定語從句T(典型例題鞏固)授課日期及時段教學內容專題一：賓語從句一、賓語從句專題知識梳理概念：在復合句中充當賓語成分的句子就叫賓語從句，基本句式為“主句+連接詞+賓語從句”題型特點：在中考當中的考查題型為選擇題及句型轉換題，分值一般為3-4分左右，主要圍繞賓從的三要素，語序,時態(tài)，連接詞進行考察。賓從也可以在寫作中適當使用，進行文采的提高。知識點1:引導詞由that引導的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義,在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例女口：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?由if或whether引導的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.中考考點f和whether的區(qū)別if/whether都可作賓語從句的引導詞，意為“是否”，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用于口語和非正式文體中,whether貝U多用于比較正式的文體中。如：e.g.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.Idon'tknowif/whetheritisgoingtorain.只用whether的情況：1）在帶to的動詞不定式前Hedoesn'tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.2）在介詞后I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.3）直接與ornot連用時Idon'tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.4）在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中Wediscussedwhetherwouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.5）賓語從句提前時只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.6）引導位于句首的主語從句或表語從句用whetherWhetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.知識點2：語序在含賓語從句的復合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓從一定要用陳述句的語序，其標點符號由主句來決定。因此當賓語從句是由whether\if或者特殊疑問詞引導時，因將其原來的疑問句語序還原為陳述句的語序。知識點3：時態(tài)主句賓語從句一般現在時一切時態(tài)一般過去時過去范疇的某一時態(tài)（一般過去時；過去進行時；過去完成時；過去將來時）e.g.Shesays(that)：sheoftengoestoschoolonfoot;shewenttoschoolonfootyesterday;shewillgotoschoolonfoottomorrow;sheiseatinganapplenow.shehaseatentheapplee.g.Shesaid(that):sheoftenwenttoschoolonfoot;shewenttoschoolonfootthedaybefore;shewouldgotoschoolonfootthenextday;shewaseatinganapplethen.shehadeatentheapple知識點4：特殊情況1?當賓語從句是指客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象時，主句不管是什么時態(tài)，從句只能用一般現在時。eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.Shetoldme(that)knowledgeispower.當主句是：Couldyou...\Wouldyou…表示建議或者請求的句型時，主句的時態(tài)是一般現在時，從句時態(tài)不限定。e.g.Wouldyoutellmewhatyouwanttoeat?Couldyoutellmehowhewillcometomorrow?當疑問代詞在賓語從句中作賓語，從句語序不需要改變，如what'stheproblem/what'sthematter/what'sup/what'swrong表示“怎么了”.。e.g.Idon'tknowwhat'stheproblem/what'sthematter/what'sup/what'swrong.關于賓語從句應注意事項：

熟練掌握賓語從句三大要素：語序、時態(tài)、連接詞注意特殊情況，如：Couldyouplease/Wouldyouplease表示委婉語氣，不影響時態(tài);從句表示客觀事實或真理，從句時態(tài)使用一般現在時，不受主句時態(tài)的影響；與or/ornot連用，只用whether，不用if；當疑問代詞在賓語從句中作賓語，從句語序不需要改變，如what'stheproblem等。二、同步題型分析例1:“Whoisresponsibleforthefoodsafetyproblem?askedthereporter.改為賓語從句)2013上海中考Thereporteraskedresponsibleforthefoodsafetyproblem.解析：本題先根據特殊疑問句，因此直接使用特殊疑問詞who引導賓從，根據主語謂語asked過去時，因此，從句的一般現在時改為一般過去時，因此本題答案為whowas。例2:"Isitthefirstboys-onlyschoolinthecity?"askedaparent.(改為賓語從句)2012上海中考Aparentaskeditthefirstboys-onlyschoolinthecity.解析：本題根據原題一般疑問句，因此連接詞使用if/whether，同時，主語謂語動詞為asked，從句的時態(tài)由一般現在時改為一般將來時，因此本題答案為if/whetherwas。例3:ArethereanynewmarketsinAsia?Thesalesmanagerwantstoknow.合為一句)2011上海中考ThesalesmanagerwantstoknowthereanynewmarketsinAsia.解析：本題根據原題一般疑問句，因此連接詞使用if/whether，同時，主句為一般現在時，從句時態(tài)不需要改變，因此本題答案為if/whetherare。例4：Iwanttoknow.2010上海中考whenweshouldarriveattheairportwhenshouldwearriveattheairportwhentheairportweshouldarriveatwhentheairportshouldwearriveat解析：選擇題中賓語從句的做題技巧從兩方面出發(fā)，一個是語序，一個使時態(tài)。本題根據陳述語序便可排除B、D選項，C項賓語位置錯誤，因此正確答案為A。例5:CouldyoupleasetellusinShanghai?2009上海中考A)whenwillyouvisittheWorldExpoB)whenyouwillvisittheWorldExpoC)whentheWorldExpowillyouvisitD)whentheWorldExpoyouwillvisit解析：本題結合賓語從句考察，本題需要注意couldyouplease只表示委婉語氣，不表示過去時態(tài)，同時根據陳述語序進行排除，因此本題選B。Keys:一、Keys:一、1.B2.A3.A4.C二、1、haven'tfinished2、stoppedB6.B7.C8.D3、willcome4、wasraining5、nottowalk6、wouldhelp、6、wouldhelp、1.ifhewanted7、hadknown8、doesn'train,willvisit2.howcanIgetto3.hehadfinishedhis9、waswriting,went4.howtogetto10、travels專題二：定語從句―、定語從句專題知識梳理概念：在句中作定語的句子，它修飾一個名詞或代詞，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句。這個被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。定語從句的引導詞：關系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。關系副詞有：when,where,why等知識點1：關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。e.g.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）whose用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換）。e.g.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。which,that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。e.g.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which/that在句中作賓語）知識點2：關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關系副詞when,where,why的含義相當于"介詞+which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+which"結構交替使用。e.g.Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。知識點3：判斷關系代詞與關系副詞1?用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。e.g.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年呆過的山村。I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。2?準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。e.g?例1.Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D,例2A知識點4：限制性和非限制性定語從句1?定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。e.g.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。邙艮制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2?當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。e.g.CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。3?非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數。e.g.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。知識點5：關系代詞that的用法不用that的情況引導非限定性定語從句時及介詞后不能用that。只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況1）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。2）在不定代詞，如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。3）先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時，只用that。4）先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.5）先行詞既有人，又有物時。e.g.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。關于定語從句注意事項：1?關系代詞的判斷步驟：首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人，關系代詞可用who,whom,that。如果先行詞指物,關系代詞可用which,that;不管先行詞指人還是指物，在定語從句中是所有格的關系就用whose然后，要確定關系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表1先行詞主格（不能?。┵e格（可省略）所有格人who,that(who/whom/that)whose1物IIwhich,that(which/that)whose,ofwhich2.關系副詞的判斷步驟：還是要先看先行詞。如果先行詞在從句中充當時間狀語用when或介詞+which;充當地點狀語用where或介詞+which;充當原因狀語用why或介詞+which。二、專題精講（備注：中考并不考察定語從句，針對定語從句的考察主要是在一些閱讀中，以及平時的日校試卷練習中，還有寫作中要求程度中上的學生使用定從的表達來提高文采，因此這部分省略）Keys:1-5ABCCA6-10ADDDB11-15DADCC16-20DACBBwhich'that;which\that\不填;whose;that;whose;who;why;where;that\which\不填;when一、能力培養(yǎng)賓語從句的知識點復習和再次梳理（由學生進行知識點復習鞏固）語序：時態(tài)：連接詞：2?定語從句的知識點復習和再次梳理（看學生的程度，不同學生有不同層次的對于定從掌握的要求）重點：關系代詞和關系副詞的選用：只用that的情況：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：能力檢測1、Keys:1-5DBCBB6-10CCACB11-16DBBDAA2、Keys:1-5CADAB6-10DABDC課后作業(yè)1、Keys:1-5:CACDC6-10:CCABA11-15AACBC2、Keys:1-5ACBCD6-10CACCC11-15DACBC專題一：賓語從句—、單項選擇()1.1don'tthinkhewillcomehereontime,?A.won'theB.willheC.doesheD.ishe()2.Willyoupleasetellme?wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt()3.It'snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslikeD.howoldareyou()4.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I'llletyouknow.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.comes;willcome()5.Ican'tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven'tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch()6.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgoD.wouldgoing()7.OurgeographyteachertoldusthatJapantheeastofChina.isinB.wasinC.istoD.wasto()8.Nobodyknowshe'llcomeornot.thatB.ifC./D.whether二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1、Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI(notfinish)readingit.2、Assoonashesawme,hetospeaktome.(stop)3、Ihopehe(come)backinaweek.4、It(rain)hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.5、Theoldmantoldthechildren(notwalk)inthericefields.6、Hetoldmehe(help)herwithhermaththenextevening.7、Shesaidthey(know)eachotherforquitesometime.8、Ifit(notrain)tomorrow,we(visit)thePeople'sMuseum.9、John(write)somethingwhenI(go)toseehim.10、Ourteachertoldusthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.三、按要求改寫句子“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?"Tom'smotheraskedhim.(改為復合句，句意不變)Tom'smotheraskedhimtotrysomethingnew.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?(改寫句子，句意不變)Couldyoutellmetothestation?“Ihavefinishedmyhomework."Johntoldme.(改為復合句，句意不變)Johntoldmethathomework.Idon'tknowhowIcanreachthezoo.(改為簡單句)Idon'tknowthezoo.專題二：定語從句一、選擇填空()l.Themanwasafriendofmine.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()2.Thisisthebestfilmhasbeenshownthisyear.whoB.thatC.whichD.when()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere()4.Mr.LitoldusthenovelsandwritersinterestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()5.Myfatherstillremembersthedayhejoinedthearmy.A.whenB.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()6.I'llneverforgetthesummerholidaysweplaytogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which()8.TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()9.Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.一WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?一Oh!It'sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()11.Iknowthemanwithyouaretalkingonthephone.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom()12.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()13.一Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?一Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()14.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when()15.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why()16.Hehasforgottenthedayhearrived.A.onwhenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich()17.Hestillremembersthedayshestayedwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()18.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which()19.Hegottothevillageinhisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation(解放).A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()20.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where二關系詞填空Theskirtismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican'taffordit.Twoyearshaspassed,butChinesepeoplestillrememberthoseexcitingdaystheyspentduringtheBeijing2008OlympicGames.Theyrushedovertohelpthemancarhadbrokendown.IhavetoldyoueverythingIknowaboutit.Pleasepassmethebookcoverisgreen.---DoyouknowYaoMing?---Yes.He'sabasketba1playerisveryfamousintheworld.ThereasonIamlateisthatthetrafficisterrible.Thefarmmyparentsworkisverybig.ThefactoryMr.Wangownslocatesintheeastofthecity.DoyourememberthedayyoumetJackinthestreet?三、能力檢測1.賓從練習)l.Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmeA.whenwillthefilmstarthowmuchtheticketwouldcostA.whenwillthefilmstartC.wheredoesthisbusgoD.whichgateisopenC.wheredoesthisbusgoD.whichgateisopen)2.TheclassteacheraskedthemonitorA.whywasJefflateforschoolB.whyJeffwaslateforschoolwhyisJefflateforschoolD.whyJeffislateforschoolwhyisJefflateforschoolD.whyJeffislateforschool)3.Rosewonderedthenew)3.Rosewonderedthenewmobilephone.A.howmuchwouldshepayforhowmuchwillshepayforA.howmuchwouldshepayforhowmuchwillshepayforhowmuchshewouldpayforhowmuchshewillpayforhowmuchshewouldpayforhowmuchshewillpayfor)4.PleasetellusA.whenwillthewintervocationstartwhenthewintervocationwillstartA.whenwillthewintervocationstartwhenthewintervocationwillstartwhendoesthewintervocationstartwhendidthewintervocationstartwhendoesthewintervocationstartwhendidthewintervocationstart)5.CouldyoutellmeA.howoftendoyouseeafilmwhotheyarestayingwithA.howoftendoyouseeafilmwhotheyarestayingwithC.wheredidheliveD.whatisshedoingnowC.wheredidheliveD.whatisshedoingnow)6.Couldyoutellmewhatday)6.CouldyoutellmewhatdaythePalaceMuseumforfree?A.canelementaryandhighschoolstudentsvisitcouldelementaryandhighschoolstudentsvisitelementaryandhighschoolstudentscanvisitelementaryandhighschoolstudentscouldvisit()7.DoyouknowhowlongtoleaveShanghaiforTokyo?A.doesittakeyouB.willittakeyouC.ittakesyouD.youtakeit()8.1didn'tunderstandinclass,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A.whatmyteachersaidB.whatdidmyteachersayhowdidmyteachersayD.howmyteachersaid()9.MyEnglishTeacheraskedmeA.whyJanehasn'twatchedthegameB.whyhasn'tJanewatchedthegameC.whyJanehadn'twatchedthegameD.whyhadn'tJanewatchedthegame()lO.Tomtoldmethisafternoon.heisgoingtowatchaballgamehewasgoingtohaveameetingifheisgoingtoseeafilmifhewasgoingtotakeawalk()11.Couldyoutellme?wherewereyouatsevenlastnighthow'syourmemory-improvementcoursewhenyouhadseentheperformanceiftherearethreekindsofmemoryTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()12.Doyouknow?A.whenhehascomeB.whyhedidn'tcomeC.ifhecomestomorrowD.whomishelookingfor()13.Mary'saunthasnoidea.A.wherecanshegoB.whichskirtsheshouldbuyC.whatshehadsaidD.whenwillsheleaveforBeijing()14.Theclassteacherwantedtoknow.A.whatdoesAlandolastweekendB.whatAlandoeslastweekendC.whatdidAlandolastweekendD.WhatAlandidlastweekend

()15.1'minterestedin.howheopenedthedoorwithoutakeywheredidtheycomebackwhetherhewouldinviteJacktohispartynextweekendhowmanybooksyouhadread()16.Fatheraskedme.A.whatIhaddoneinschoolB.whathadIdoneinschoolC.whatIhavedoneinschoolwhathaveIdoneinschool1?定從練習Afootballfan(球迷)ishasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.whatThehouse,wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroofCanyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedaboutThematteryouwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhichTheytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whomWhohascommonsense(常識)willdosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatAlltheapplesfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.whatTheyaskedhimtotellthemeverythinghesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whereI'lltellyouhetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allAchildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.whoB.who'sC.whoseD.which_..課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1:Idon'tknow.B.whatishisnameD.whenwillheleaveB.whatishisnameD.whenwillheleaveB.howhegoestoWuhanD.whydidhevisitKunmingC.howoldheis一DidMrWhitetellyou?一Yes.Hesaidhewenttherein2003.A.whenhetraveledtoTibetC.wherehespenthisholidays

一Doyouknownow?一InthePeople'sHotel.A.whereisTomworkingC.whereTomisworkingB.wheredidTomworkD.whereTomworked—B.wheredidTomworkD.whereTomworked一Sure.Nowletmetellyoufirst.A.whichtodoB.howtodoC.whentodoD.whattodo一Idon'tknowtodowiththismathsproblem.It'stoohard.一Youcanaskyourclassmatesorteachersforhelp.A.whichB.howC.whatD.when一DoyouknowtheMP3playerlastweek?一Sony,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforC.howmuchshepaidfor一Couldyoutellme?一Yes.Totakebackmydictionary.A.whydidyoucomehereB.howmuchwillshepayforD.howmuchshewillpayforB.whendoyoucomehereD.whenyoucomehere一Couldyoutellmetomorrowmorning?一Well,itwillstartat9.00o'clock.A.whenthemeetingwillstartC.wherethemeetingstarts一Areyougoingtobuyacamera?一B.howmuchwillshepayforD.howmuchshewillpayforB.whendoyoucomehereD.whenyoucomehere一Couldyoutellmetomorrowmorning?一Well,itwillstartat9.00o'clock.A.whenthemeetingwillstartC.wherethemeetingstarts一Areyougoingtobuyacamera?一Yes.Butthere'resomanykindsthatIcan'tdecideA.WhatB.whichWhocantellmeA.whathesaidC.whatdidhesayMyauntforgot.A.whereshefirstmetJohnC.whereshefirstmeetsJohnDon'tloseheart!I'msureyoucangetB.wherewillthemeetingstartD.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.howatthemeeting?B.hesaidwhatD.howhesaidtobuy.D.where