英語部分專項訓練一

英語部分專項訓練（一SectionⅠUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Valentine’sDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLupercalia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearby,theoldRomanscalled2thegodLupercustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis3washeldonFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe4ofthegirlswerewrittenon5ofpaperandplacedinjars.Eachyoungman6aslip.Thegirlwhosenamewas7wastobehissweetheartfortheyear.Legend8itthattheholidaybecameValentine’sDay9aRomanpriestnamedValentine.EmperorClaudiusII10theRomansoldiersNOTtomarryor eengaged.Claudiusfeltmarriedsoldierswould11stayhomethanfight.WhenValentine12theEmperorandsecretlymarriedtheyoungcouples,hewasputtodeathonFebruary14th,the13ofLupercalia.Afterhisdeath,Valentinebecamea14.Christianpriestsmovedtheholidayfromthe15thtothe14th—Valentine’sDay.NowtheholidayhonorsValentine15ofLupercus.Valentine’sDay eamajor16ofloveandromanceinthemodernworld.ancientgodCupidandhis17intoalover’sheartmaystillbeusedto18fallinginloveorbeinginlove.Butwealsousecardsandgifts,suchasflowersorjewelry,todothis.19togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentine’sDaycansometimesbeas20asforgettingabirthdayora.1.［A］2.［A］3.［A］4.［A］5.［A］6.［A］7.［A］8.［A］9.［A］10.［A］11.［A］12.［A］ ［A］ ［B］representative［C］ ［D］［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］［A］Kee［B］Disapproving［C］ ［D］［A］constructive［B］ ［C］ ［D］SectionⅡReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.TextTheauthorofsomefortynovels,anumberofplays,volumesofverse,historical,criticalandautobiographicalworks,aneditorandtranslator,JackLindsayisclearlyanextraordinarilyprolificwriter—afactwhichcaneasilyobscurehisveryrealdistinctioninsomeoftheareasintowhichhehasventured.Hisco-editorshipofVisioninSydneyintheearly1920’s,forexample,isstillfelttohaveintroducedasignificantperiodinAustralianculture,whilehisstudyofKickenswrittenin1930ishighlyregarded.Butofallhisworkitisprobablythenoveltowhichhehasmadehismostsignificantcontribution.Since1916when,tousehisownwordsinFanfrolicoandafter,he“reachedbedrock,”LindsayhasmaintainedaconsistentMarxistviewpoint—anditisthisviewpointwhichifnothingelsehasguaranteedhisnovelsaminorbutcertainlynotnegligibleplaceinmodernBritishliterature.Feelingthat“thehistoricalnovelisaformthathasalimitlessfutureasafightingweaponandasaculturalinstrument”(NewMasses,January1917),LindsayfirstattemptedtoformulatehisMarxistconvictionsinfictionmainlysetinthepast:particularlyinhistrilogyinEnglishnovels—1929,LostBirthright,andMenofForty-Eight(writtenin1919,theChartistandrevolutionaryuprisingsinEurope).Basicallytheseworkssetout,withmostsuccessinthefirstvolume,tovivifythehistoricaltraditionsbehindEnglishSocialismandattemptedtodemonstratethatitstood,inLindsay’swords,forthe“truecompletionofthenationaldestiny.”Althoughthewaryearssawthevirtualdisintegrationoftheleft-wingwritingmovementofthe1910’s,Lindsayhimselfcarriedon:delvingintocontemporaryaffairsinWeShallReturnandBeyondTerror,novelsinwhichtheepithetsformerlyfortheevilcapitalistsorFranco’ssoldiershavebeentransferredrathercrudelytotheGermantroops.AfterthewarLindsaycontinuedtowritemainlyaboutthepresent—tryingwithvaryingdegreesofsuccesstocometotermswithBritishWay,”andbeginningwithBetrayedSpringin1933,itseemedatfirstasifhissolutionwassimplytoresorttomoreandmoreobviousauthorialmanipulationandheavy-handeddidacticism.Fortunay,however,fromRevoltoftheSons,thisprocesswasreversed,asLindsaybegantoshowanincreasingtendencytoignorepartysolutions,tofailindeedtogiveanythingbutthemostelementarypoliticalconsciousnesstohischaracters,sothatinhislatest(andwhatappearstobehislast)contemporarynovel,ChoiceofTimes,hishero,Colin,endsonanoteofdesperation:“Everythingmustbedifferent,Ican’tlivethiswayanylonger.ButhowcanIchangeit,how?”Tohiscreditasanartist,Lindsaydoesn’tgivehimanyexplicitanswer.Accordingtothetext,thecareerofJackLindsayasawritercanbedescribedas TheimpactofJackLindsay’sideologicalattitudesonhisliterarysuccesswas ［A］utterly［B］limitedbut［C］obviously［D］obscureinnetAccordingtothesecondparagraph,JackLindsayfirmlybelieves ［A］thegloomydestinyofhisown［B］thefunctionofliteratureasa［C］hisresponsibilityasanEnglish［D］hisextraordinarypositioninItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph ［A］thewarledtotheultimateunionofallEnglish［B］JackLindsaywaslessandlesspopularin［C］JackLindsayfocusedexclusivelyondomestic［D］theradicalwritersweregreatlyinfluencedbytheAccordingtothetext,thespeechattheendofthe ［A］demonstratestheauthor’sownviewof［B］showsthepopularviewofJack［C］offerstheauthor’sopinionofJack［D］indicatesJackLindsay’schangeofTextInstudyingboththerecurrenceofspecialhabitsorideasinseveraldistricts,andtheirprevalencewithineachdistrict,therecomebeforeusever-reiteratedproofsofregularcausationproducingthephenomenaofhumanlife,andoflawsofmaintenanceanddiffusionconditionsofsociety,atdefinitestagesofculture.But,whilegivingfullimportancetotheevidencebearingonthesestandardconditionsofsociety,letusbecarefultoavoidapitfallwhichmayentraptheunwarystudent.Ofcourse,theopinionsandhabitsbelongingincommontomassesofmankindaretoagreatextenttheresultsofsoundjudgmentandpracticalwisdom.Buttoagreatextentitisnotso.Thatmanynumeroussocietiesofmenshouldhavebelievedintheinfluenceoftheevileyeandtheexistenceofafirmament,shouldhavesacrificedslavesandgoodstotheghostsofthedeparted,shouldhavehandeddowntraditionsofgiantsslayingmonstersandmenturningintobeasts—allthisisgroundforholdingthatsuchideaswereindeedproducedinmen’smindsbyefficientcauses,butitisnotgroundforholdingthattheritesinquestionareprofitable,thebeliefssound,andthehistoryauthentic.Thismayseematthefirstglanceatruism,but,infact,itisthedenialofafallacywhichdeeplyaffectsthemindsofallbutasmallcriticalminorityofmankind.Popularly,whateverybodysaysmustbetrue,whateverybodydoesmustberight.Therearevarioustopics,especiallyinhistory,law,philosophy,andtheology,whereeventheeducatedpeopleweliveamongcanhardlybebroughttoseethatthecausewhymendoholdanopinion,orpractiseacustom,isbynomeansnecessarilyareasonwhytheyoughttodoso.Nowcollectionsofethnographicevidence,bringingsoprominentlyintoviewtheagreementofimmensemultitudesofmenastocertaintraditions,beliefs,andusages,arepeculiarlyliabletobethusimproperlyusedindirectdefenseoftheseinstitutionsthemselves,evenoldbarbaricnationsbeingpolledtomaintaintheiropinionsagainstwhatarecalledmodernideas.Asithasmorethanoncehappenedtomyselftofindmycollectionsoftraditionsandbeliefsthussetuptoprovetheirownobjectivetruth,withoutproperexaminationofthegroundsonwhichtheywereactuallyreceived,Itakethisoccasionofremarkingthatthesamelineofargumentwillserveequallywelltodemonstrate,bythestrongandwideconsentofnations,thattheearthisflat,andnight-marethevisitofademon.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthephenomenamentionedatthebeginningofthetextisoneof.［A］skepticism［B］ ［C］indifference［D］By“Butto...itisnotso”(Line7)theauthorimpliesthat［A］mostpeoplearejustfollowersofnew［B］evensoundmindsmaycommitsilly［C］thepopularlysupportedmaybe［D］nobodyisimmunetotheinfluenceofWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothestatement“Therearevarious...todoso”(Line17-20)?［A］Principlesofhistoryandphilosophyarehardtodeal［B］Peopleliketoseewhatotherpeopledofortheirown［C］Theeducatedaremoresusceptibletoerrorsintheirdaily［D］ThateveryonedoesthesamemaynotprovetheyareallWhichofthefollowingdidtheauthorprobably［A］Supportnotthemost［B］Denyeverythingothers［C］Throwalltraditioninto［D］KeepyoureyesopenalltheTheauthordevelopshiswritingmainlybymeansof ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］TextTheprovisionofpositiveincentivestoworkinthenewsocietywillnotbeaneasytask.Butthemostdifficulttaskofallistodevisetheultimateandfinalsanctiontoreplacetheultimatesanctionofhunger—theeconomicwhipoftheolddispensation.Moreover,inasocietywhichrightlyrejectsthepretenceofseparatingeconomicsfrompoliticsanddeniestheautonomyoftheeconomicorder,thatsanctioncanbefoundonlyinsomeconsciousactofsociety.Wecannolongerasktheinvisiblehandtodoourdirtyworkforus.IconfessthatIamlesshorror-struckthansomepeopleattheprospect,whichseemstomeunavoidable,ofanultimatepowerofwhatiscalleddirectionoflabourrestinginsomearmofsociety,whetherinanorganofstateoroftradeunions.IshouldindeedbehorrifiedifIidentifiedthisprospectwithareturntotheconditionsofthepre-capitalistera.Theeconomicwhipoflaissez-faireundoubtedlyrepresentedanadvanceontheserf-likeconditionsofthatperiod:inthatrelativesense,theclaimofcapitalismtohaveestablishedforthefirsttimeasystemof“free”labourdeservesrespect.ButthedirectionoflabourasexercisedinGreatBritainintheSecondWorldWarseemstometorepresentasgreatanadvanceovertheeconomicwhipoftheheydayofcapitalistprivateenterpriseastheeconomicwhiprepresentedoverpre-capitalistserfdom.Muchdependsontheeffectivenessofthepositiveincentives,much,too,onthesolidarityandself-disciplineofthecommunity.Afterall,underthesystemoflaissez-fairecapitalismthefearofhungerremainedanultimatesanctionratherthanacontinuouslyoperativeforce.Itwouldhavebeenintolerableiftheworkerhadbeennormallydriventoworkbyconsciousfearofhunger;nor,exceptintheearlyandworstdaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,didthatnormallyhappen.Similarlyinthesocietyofthefuturethepowerofdirectionshouldberegardednotsomuchasaninstrumentofdailyusebutratherasanultimatesanctionheldinreservewherevoluntarymethodsfail.Itisinconceivablethat,inanyperiodorinanyconditionsthatcannowbeforeseen,anyorganofstateinGreatBritainwouldbeinaposition,evenifithadthewill,tomarshalanddeploythelabourforceoverthewholeeconomybymilitarydisciplinelikeanarmyinthefield.This,likeothernightmaresofatotallyplannedeconomy,canbelefttothosewholiketofrightenthemselvesandotherswithscarecrows.Theword“sanction”(Line2,Paragraph1)isclosestinmeaning ［A］corrective ［B］encouraging［C］preventive ［D］revolutionaryWhichofthefollowingisimpliedinthefirst［A］Peopleusedtobeforcedtoworkunder［B］Theauthordislikesthefunctionofpoliticsin［C］Incentivesarealwayslessavailablethan［D］PeoplehaveaninstinctofworkinglessandgettingTheauthor’sattitudestowardsfuture,asisindicatedinthebeginningofthesecondparagraph,isoneof ［A］reluctant ［B］sheer［C］mild ［D］extremeTheauthorofthetextseemstoopposetheidea ［A］free ［B］military［C］strict ［D］unrestrainedThelastsentenceofthetextindicatesthe ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］TextOverthelastdecade,demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedures,likebreastenlargementsandnosejobs,hasincreasedbymorethan400percent.AccordingtoDr.DaiDavies,ofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmith,themajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rather,theyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.“Whatweallcraveistolooknormal,andnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.”InAmerica,thedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;rather,itcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImbermends“maintenance”workforpeopleintheirthirties.“Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissilly,”hesays.“Bythen,you’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeallowedthingstogetoutofhand.”Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18,however.“Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.”IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusiveoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantially,bringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davies,whoclaimsto“caterfortheaverage ”,agrees.Hesays:“Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse,￡3,000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoaninvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.”Dr.Daviessthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yet,asonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2,500forliposuctiontoremovefatfromherthighsadmitted,theslopeto ingacosmeticsurgeryVeteranisadeceptivelygentleone.“Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordAccordingtothetext,thereasonforcosmeticsurgeryisto ［A］bephysically ［B］lookmore［C］satisfy ［D］beacceptedbyAccordingtothethirdparagraph,Dr.Daviesimplies ［A］cosmeticsurgery,thoughcostly,isworth［B］cosmeticsurgeryistoo［C］cosmeticsurgeryisnecessaryevenforthe［D］cosmeticsurgeryismainlyfortherichandThestatement“drawsthelineatoperatingonpeople”(Line3,Paragragh2)isclosestinmeaningto ［A］removingwrinklesfromthe ［B］helpeoplemake［C］enjoying ［D］refusingtoItcanbeinferredfromthetext ［A］itiswisetohavecosmeticsurgeryunder［B］cosmeticsurgeryisnowmuch［C］peopletendtoabusecosmetic［D］theearlierpeoplehavecosmeticsurgery,thebettertheywillThetextismainlyabout ［A］theadvantageofhavingcosmetic［B］whatkindofpeopleshouldhavecosmetic［C］thereasonwhycosmeticsurgeryisso［D］thedisadvantageofhavingcosmeticSectionⅢNowmorepeoplearebuyinglotterytickets.Studythefollowingchartscarefullyandwriteanarticleonthetopicoflottery.Inyourarticle,youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:describethe2)yzethephenomenon,andgiveyourcommentsonYoushouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEETSectionUseofEnglish1. 2. 11. 18.A 20.間的邏輯關系。四個選項，while表時間或讓步，意為“當……的時候”或“雖然，盡管thoughunlesscomes,Ishalllhertowaitforyou.（）WhenJimwasreading,（指一段roamedwhen［B］正確。［精解］call構成短語動詞，接sb.todosth.作復合賓語。符合要求的是［A，calluponsb.todosth.意為“請求/要求Wecalloneveryfriendtosupporttheplan.（我們請求每一位朋友支持這項計劃）callback意為“回；叫（）回去如：Shewasabouttoleavewhenhersecretarycalledherback.（她正要離開突然叫她回去）calloff意為“取消，停止進行sth.作賓語，如：calloffadeal/trip（取消交易/旅行。callaway意為“叫走，叫Hewascalledawaybyhisfriends.（）［B它項構成的固定搭配是：insb.’s/sth.’shonorinhonorofsb./sth.，如：aceremonyinhonorofthosekilledintheexplosion（為紀念中的死難者所舉行的儀式。insb’shands意為“受照料，被控制，如：Thematterisnowinmylawyer’shands.（這件事現在由我處理）insb’sway意為“以特有的方式”或“擋的路如：Shedoesloveyouinher(own)way.（確是以她特有的方式）You’llhavetomove—you’reinmyway.（）根據文意，［A，表示“向他［C，［A］［B］［D］5［ofsth.rollsofcarpet/film（幾卷地毯/膠卷。pilesofsth.意為“成堆的東西”pilesofdirtywashing（成堆待洗的臟衣服，pilesofwork（大量的工作。workspaper搭配。slip本身意為“紙條，便條，小紙ofpaperaslip，根［D（；catch：catchthekeysastheyfall（接住掉下來的，catchmice（捉老鼠；draw意為“抽（簽，牌，抓（鬮，如：Hedrewthewinningticket.（他抽到彩券了）find意為“發(fā)現［Cchoosecalldeliver［精解］本題考查習慣搭配。Legendhasit意為“據后面接賓語從句，是it替代的內容。又如：Legendhasitthatthelakewasformedbythetearsofagod.（據這個湖［D［精解］本題考查介詞辨析?？崭裉幪钊胍粋€介詞，后面接名詞短語aRomanpriestnamedValentinepriest［A］after如：Wenamedthebabyafterhergrandmother.（）該用Valentine’sDaywasnamedafteraRomanpriest。其它項雖asfromnottodosth.作賓語。符合要求的只有［A，ordersbtodosth.意為“命令/指揮/要求（做某事Theofficerorderedthemtofire.（）從含義上判斷也只有awordofit.（）Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.（人們一度認ratherthanto的不定式，如：Shewouldratherdiethanlosethechildren.（她寧愿死部，都）stayhomethan無法呼應。defdefeadshono國王士兵結婚而下文則提到“瓦倫丁讓年輕人成婚。顯然,這是“藐視國王”［B［精解］本題考查根據上下文選擇恰當的詞?？崭癫糠帧皌heofLupercalia”與上文“February14th”是同位語的關系。Lupercalia215214日是該節(jié)日的前夕，故本題arrangeentfeast的節(jié)日來紀念瓦倫丁，而不再紀念牧神?？梢娡邆惗∽兂闪艘粋€“圣人，而不是“，“模范”或“。因此，正確項是［B］saint。［精解］本題考查固定短語?？崭裉幪钊氲脑~與介詞of搭配，連接兩個并列的名般接原因，如：Wewinthegamebecauseofhisparticipation.（［B］（be）illnes.［insteadthedifficultpartofthejob.（我們已完成了工作的部分）Thetigerisarepresentativeofthecatfamily.(是貓科動物的典型。)［C］judgement作可數名詞時，意為“看法，意見，評價如：Herefusedtomakeajudgementofthesituation.（他對形勢作出評價）symbolWhiteisasymbolofpurity.（）由下文可知，人們通過［精解］本題考查文化。godCupid指“愛神丘比特他手持具有愛情魔力［Astor“故事，敘述”和［D］playinto［B］wander可與into搭配，意為“閑逛，游蕩，流浪（進入某地，如：Cowsandgoatssometimeswanderkilled.比特和他的箭，賓語是“愛上或談戀愛。portray意為“描繪，描畫；表現；require；demand；alert［精解］本題考查動詞辨析?？崭袼诰渥訛槿牡淖詈笠痪?，其主干結構為19togiveflowerscanbeas...asforgettingabirthday。該句中有一個比較結構，因此相比較的事forgottopayme.（）keep一般接動名詞作賓語，如：keepsmiling（繼續(xù)保持笑容。disapproveofsth./sb.作賓語，如：Hestronglydisapprovedofthechanges.（他強烈）support接sb./sth.作賓語，如：supportaproposal/peoplewithAIDS（擁護一項提議/病患者。其次，forgetting一詞在下文中也出現，含義上出現了呼應。容詞+as”的同級比較結構。因此，該形容詞說明的是上文“在圣瓦倫丁節(jié)忘記給妻子或送花和下“忘記生日或結婚共同的特點constructive意“建設性的有益constructivecriticism/suggestion/advice（建設性的批評/提議/忠告。damaging意為“造成破壞的，有害的如：damagingconsequences（破壞性的。reinforcingreinforce“加強，充實；加固”的現在分詞，retorting是動詞retort“反駁，回嘴”的現在分詞，一般都不作形容詞用。根據文意,該特點是性的,消極的,因此SectionReadingComprehensiontext11. ［精解］·prolific與［B］productive“克思主義的對于他的成功有著正面的影響，應選［C［精解］本題考查事實細節(jié)。第二段中部，杰克·林德薩感覺到“歷史小說作（limitless，［精解］本題考查推理引申。該段首句“盡管造成了20世紀10年代的左on“［A］［B［精解］本題考查推理引申。最后一段主要圍繞杰克·林德薩寫作態(tài)度的變化展開（diacticism“［BSectionReadingComprehensiontext2 ），1.[精解］本題考查作者態(tài)度?？上葘ⅲ跜］項排除，因為既然作者用大量筆墨和精力開頭部分的ever-reiteratedproofs，definite等詞可能會誤導考生選擇［B］項，應注意在這些條件相關的（bearingon時須謹慎，避免陷入常常誤導粗心大意的學生的student），［精解］butso個的意思和所指。其中，but是轉折連詞，因此這句話的內容應該與前面所述內容意［C］［B］Therearevarioustopics。especiallyinhistory,law,philosophy做狀語，意為“尤其是在歷Whereeventheeducatedpeople...todosovarioustopics。這個定語從句也是一個復合句，主干成分是eventheeducatedpeoplecanhardlybebroughttosee，句中的weliveamongtheeducatedpeople。Seethat引導的賓語從thecausewhy...isbynomeansnecessarilyareasonwhy...whythecause和thereason。整個句子的大意是：對于很多話題，尤其是涉及到歷史，法律和哲學方面的holdanopinionpractiseacustom對應上文中的whateverybodysays和whateverybody［C］［精解］本題考查作者的觀點。第一段作者提到，大多數人所共有的觀念和習慣不［A

SectionReadingComprehensiontext3 sanctionofhungerpositiveincentives（正面激勵，but為標志出現轉折。因此，sanctionofhunger與“正面激勵”應該是相對照的。形的手”指的是上文提到的“sanctionofhunger綜合以上線索，sanction應是一種“通過比如饑餓這樣的處罰來達到改善、改進［A［精解］本題考查推理