高中英語-句子成分與句子基本類型課件-新人教版必修1

取得英語語法成功的基石

句子成分和句子的基本類型2020/12/191句子成分主謂賓主語謂語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語同位語2020/12/192主語謂語賓語觀察下面一個(gè)例句，你能找到句中的“主語”、“謂語”、“賓語”嗎?因此這是個(gè)典型的“主謂賓”句型。Ibeatyou.主語

謂語賓語SVO2020/12/193思考一下：

什么是主語(Subject)呢?主語是動(dòng)作的主體部分在主動(dòng)句中：主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者IteachyouEnglish.在被動(dòng)句中：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者Youarebeaten.2020/12/194主語一般由名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞充當(dāng)。Wearegoodfriends.主語還可以由從句或非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.TolearnEnglishisdifficult.（代詞）2020/12/195我們?cè)傧胍幌胧裁词侵^語(Predicate)謂語表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作、行為，是由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)?shù)摹teachyouEnglish.一個(gè)句子能不能沒有謂語？謂語不能2020/12/196一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。Iusuallyhavemyhaircutonceamonth.Thestudentsoftendotheirexperimentsinthelab.2.表客觀真理、格言及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。Theteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroudthesun.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.3.表示按時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃、規(guī)定發(fā)生的事情。Thetrainleavesat2:35thisafternoon.4.在主句是一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中代替將來時(shí)。Youwillsucceedifyoutryyourbest.Evenifitrainstomorrow,thefootballmatchwilltakeplace.2020/12/197現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示說話人正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Myfriendsarewaitingforusoutsidenow.2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。SheislearningEnglishatcollege.3.某些短暫性動(dòng)詞，如come.gostartopenclosearrivereturnbeginleave等用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)將來時(shí)的含義。MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.SheisleavingforBeijingnextweek.4.某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示慢慢地、漸漸地發(fā)生變化。Sheislosingsight.

2020/12/198現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，常與recentlylatelyeverneveroncebeforeyet連用。

HaveyoubeentoLondon?Hehasn'theardanynewsfromhissonlately.2.表示開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。常與sofar,uptonow,inthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays連用

Hehaslearned5,000Englishwordssincehewenttocollege.2020/12/199現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)、反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。今天早上我一直給他打電話，但是無人接聽。Ihavebeencallinghimthismorning,butthereisnoanswer.我非常累，整個(gè)下午我都在刷墻。

Iamverytired.Ihavebeenpaintingthehousealltheafternoon.我一直在寫信。Ihavebeenwritingaletter.

2020/12/1910翻譯以下句子：1.他不在這家工廠工作。

Hedoesn’tworkinthisfactory.2.Tom正在客廳里看電視嗎？

IsTomwatchingTVinthesitting-roomnow?3.他們已經(jīng)學(xué)了三首英文歌曲.

TheyhavelearnedthreeEnglishsongsalready. 4.我們刷了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的墻。

Wehavebeenpaintingthehousefor2hours.2020/12/1911AMidsummerNight’sdream______(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.2.It_________(rain)asthemedicalteammadeitswaytothefront.3.Inthelastfewyears,China__________(make)greatachievementsintheenvironmentalprotection.4.-----WhereisPeter?

-----Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand____________(write)hisessaythereeversince.openswasraininghasmadehasbeenwriting2020/12/1912過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)：表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時(shí)：表示過去的某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去’.過去將來時(shí)：以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2020/12/1913翻譯我昨天沒有去那里拿食物。

Ididn’tgothereforsomefoodyesterday.2.當(dāng)我進(jìn)入教室時(shí)，他們正在寫作業(yè)。

TheyweredoingtheirhomeworkwhenI enteredtheirclassroom.3.在他進(jìn)入劇院之前，電影已經(jīng)放映4分鐘了。

Beforehearrivedatthecinema,thefilm hadbeenonforfourminutes.4.他說他會(huì)來幫助我們。Hesaidhewouldcomeheretohelpus.2020/12/1914填空：1.ItwasraininglightlywhenI________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI________(leave)mybookinthecafé.Theymadeuptheirmindsthatthey________(buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.4.She____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.hadleftarrivedwouldbuywasphoning2020/12/1915將來時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。將來完成時(shí)：表示將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。2020/12/1916翻譯1.他們下周會(huì)來參觀劇院?jiǎn)幔?/p>

WilltheyvisitthemuseumnextSunday?2.明天晚上五點(diǎn)鐘，我會(huì)在學(xué)校門口等你。

Iwillbewaitingforyouattheschoolgateat5o’clocktomorrowevening.3.下個(gè)月底前她將完成了這份報(bào)告。Shewillhavefinishedthereportbytheendofnextmonth.2020/12/1917填空：----Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.----Allright.I_________(call)himlater.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe______________(teach)aclassatthattime.Bytheendofthisterm,we______________(learn)1000words.willcallwillbeteachingwillhavelearned2020/12/1918找出下列句子中的謂語：IregretwhatIhavedone.Pleaseturnoffthelight.Youshouldtrythebarber’swhereIgo.Shehasservedthefamilyfaithfullyforthirtyyears.Everyoneshouldobeythelaw.Welikeswimminginhotweather.Mymotheraskedmetoputmylittlebrotherintotheschoolbag.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿2020/12/1919Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmorethanwe______________.(expect)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody__________(see)themsince.3.-----Hi,Let’sgoskating.-----Sorry,Iambusynow.I__________(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.4.Inoticedamansittingatthefront.He_________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitvoice.hadexpectedhasseenamfillingwaspretending2020/12/19205.Theearth_______(move)aroundthesun.6.TheexhibitionopensonJanuary1stand______(close)onJanuary31st.7.I______(go)tothecinemaonceaweekwhenIwasatschool.8.Theysaidthey__________(let)meknowassoonastheygotthere.9.Wewillputofftillnextweekendifit_____(rain)tomorrow.movescloseswentwouldletrains2020/12/1921

賓語名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing、動(dòng)詞不定式、wh+動(dòng)詞不定式、從句都可以作賓語。賓語包括及物動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語。1)Idon’tknowthemanoverthere.2)Hewantstobeanengineer.3)Alicethinksitinterestingtoswimwithhersister.2020/12/19224)Didyouenjoyplayinggameswiththemattheparty?5)Doyouknowwheretoholdthesports meet?6)Idon’tknowwherethesportsmeetwillbeheld.7)WeareinterestedinEnglishandMaths.8)Wemustpreventtheriversfrombeing polluted.2020/12/1923找出下列句中的賓語：Heinvitedustothepartyyesterday.JackchosetotakeajobinParis.Ilikeswimminginhotweather.Youshouldalsothinkabouthowfaryourchildhastotraveltoschool.Whenheisfinished,hejumpshighintotheair.2020/12/1924

定語前置定語和后置定語。形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、物主代詞的所有格、(單個(gè))動(dòng)詞ing形式、(單個(gè))過去分詞常作前置定語。不定式、介詞短語和過去分詞短語常做后置定語1)ThetallboyisTom’selderbrother.2)Thedancinghallisbeingrepairednow.3)Thebrokencupisn’tmine.4)Thesleepinggirlismyyoungersister.2020/12/1925ThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.aninterestingbookameetingtoattendThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf2020/12/1926找出下列句子中的定語：1.Thisisadifficultproblem.2.Yourcomputerisonthesofa.3.Weallknowthattheelephanthasfourlegs.4.Iprefertoseeawomandoctor.5.Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.6.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.7.Ihavenowaytosolvethisproblem.8.Toavoidtheproblemabove,youshouldbecarfulnexttime.2020/12/1927狀語(Adverbial)狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語一般須在時(shí)間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。2020/12/1928Theboyreallyneedsapen.Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen.Theboy,now,needsapen.Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.Hesitsthere,askingforapen.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.2020/12/1929補(bǔ)語(Complement)Hemadehissistercry.Hissisterwasmadetocry.補(bǔ)語是用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的身份或特征。補(bǔ)語一般由名詞或形容詞充當(dāng)。Don’tleavemealone.(OC)主語補(bǔ)語賓語補(bǔ)足語2020/12/1930

表語名詞、形容詞、表示方向地點(diǎn)的副詞、動(dòng)詞-ing、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、wh+動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語、從句都可以作表語。1)Heisn’tateacher.2)Johnisquitetall.3)Aretheyin?2020/12/19314)Hisfull-timejobissellingnewspapers.(對(duì)比)Heissellingnewspapersnow.5)Thecupisbroken.(對(duì)比)Thecupwasbrokenbythecatlast night.6)Hewastoleavewhenthephonerang.2020/12/19327)Thequestioniswhenandwheretogoforpicnic.8)Thequestioniswhenandwherewewillgoforapicnic.9)Thechildrenareinthereading-room now.2020/12/1933同位語(Appositive)同位語是位于名詞或代詞后面，重復(fù)指代同一事物。同位語一般由名詞或名詞詞組充當(dāng)TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.名詞性從句也可以充當(dāng)同位語（修飾抽象名詞為多）Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.2020/12/1934句子的類型2020/12/1935簡(jiǎn)單句的分類英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為三類:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。2020/12/1936一、簡(jiǎn)單句定義：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：

Alicestudiedhard.LiMingandZhangHuaworkinthesamefactory.BothTonyandJimgotoschoolatseveninthemorning,havelunchthereandcomebackatfiveintheafternoon.2020/12/1937簡(jiǎn)單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)1.主語+謂語（vi）HerfatherworksinNanjing.Sheiswalkingalongthelake.Springhascome.Thecandlehadgoneout.Thesportsmeetwilltakeplacenextweek.Manyproblemhasarisen.

2020/12/1938簡(jiǎn)單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)2.主語+系表結(jié)構(gòu)

Heisateacher.Treesaregreen.Shebecameangryathiswords.Themanseemskind.2020/12/1939３．主語+謂語+賓語(vt)Hefoundabirdinthetree.Mysisterenjoysthesong.Heforgottoposttheletter.Marydeniedtakingthepen.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)2020/12/1940簡(jiǎn)單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)４．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語可以同時(shí)跟兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞叫雙賓動(dòng)詞,雙賓語的一個(gè)賓語是人，為間接賓語；另一個(gè)賓語指物，為直接賓語。

Hegavehissisterapiano.Shewrotehimalongletter.Theworkertoldusalotabouthislifeinthepast.Wouldyoutellmewheretogettheticket.Handmethatbook.Pleaseshowmeyourticket,please?2020/12/1941簡(jiǎn)單句的五種結(jié)構(gòu)5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

Ifoundhimbusy.Thenewsmadeherexcited.TheyconsiderJimagoodstudent.Ioftenhearhersingthesong.Weelectedhimmonitor.Shekeptuswaitingforhalfanhour.2020/12/1942二、并列句定義：并列句是由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起構(gòu)成的句子。并列連詞有and,but,or,so,either…or…,neither…nor…notonly…butalso…結(jié)構(gòu):簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

Thisismineandthatishers.Theseshoesarenotcheapbuttheyareverygood.2020/12/1943定義:復(fù)合句(主從復(fù)合句)是有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子.復(fù)合句中的主句和從句都具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，可以獨(dú)立存在。從句需要有一個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo)，是修飾說明主語的，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句可以分為三大類：名詞性從句（主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句）定語從句和狀語從句。三、復(fù)合句2020/12/1944

鞏固性練習(xí)請(qǐng)判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型1.Heisrunning.2.Theloudvoicefromtheupstairsmadehimangry.3.Thelittleboyisaskingtheteacherallkindsofquestions.4.Sheseemedangry.5.Myfatherboughtmeabeautifulpresent.6.Whydoyoukeepyoureyesclosed？7.Willyoutellusanexcitingstory？8.Wemustkeepourclassroomtidyandclean.9.Iheardthebabycryinginthesittingroom.10.Canyoupushthewindowopen？2020/12/1945主語從句主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語?？梢砸龑?dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：that,whether,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoeverThathewillsucceediscertain.Whethershewillgothereisnotknown.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.2020/12/1946表語從句是用作表語的句子.一般放在主語的謂語動(dòng)詞（連系動(dòng)詞）之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有that,whether,asif…,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,howThequestionisthatheisalsoshortofmoney.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.表語從句2020/12/1947表語從句Theproblemiswhetherhewillagreetothesuggestionornot.Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool.Itlookedasifitisgoingtorain.

2020/12/1948賓語從句Ireallyfeelthatheneedsmorepractice.Theoldladylikessayingthatshehasagoodson.Iwanttoknowifshestillliveshere.ThisdependsonwhetherheisinterestedinEnglish.

2020/12/1949賓語從句Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Idon’tknowwhyhedidn’tcome.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebest.2020/12/1950同位語從句同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo),同news,fact,hope,idea,promise,suggestion,構(gòu)成“Thefactthat…+句子的”結(jié)構(gòu)。

Thefactthathewonthefirstprizecan’tbetrue.HaveyouheardthenewsthatMarywillgetmarriedsoon?Thesuggestionthattheplanshouldbedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.

2020/12/1951定語從句

定語從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。定語從句在句中起定語的作用，被定語修飾的詞為先行詞。ThemanwhowrotethebookisanEnglishprofessor.Ilikereadingthebookthatyoureadlastmonth.Sheisthenotonthetrainthatarrivedafewminutesago.2020/12/1952狀語從句狀語從句由連詞引導(dǎo)，在句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，只起到連接的作用．根據(jù)意義上的不同，狀語從句可分為下列幾種：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句等。2020/12/1953時(shí)間狀語