定語從句講解與練習

定語從句講解與練習一、定語從句的觀點在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后邊。二、定語從句的關系詞指引定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常有的關系代詞包含that，which，who（賓格whom，全部格whose）等，關系副詞包含where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。三、定語從句的分類依據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不行省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起增補說明作用，如省去，意思仍完好。四、關系代詞的用法1.that既能夠用于指人，也能夠用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不行省略，作賓語可省略。比方：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜愛輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外衣是藍色的。（that作賓語）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不行省略，作賓語可省略。比方：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站周邊的那座大樓是一家商場。（作主語）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天夜晚看的那部電影很漂亮。（作賓語）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who取代whom，也可省略。比方：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在與李明講話的老師是誰？（作賓語）注意：（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只好用“介詞+which/whom”結構。比方：優(yōu)選Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.這是我們昨年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不行前置，只好放在本來的地址上。比方：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.這就是你要找的那個人。（3）that作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能夠放它的前面，只好放在從句中動詞的后邊。比方：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市特別遠。（4）關系詞只好用that的狀況：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高等所修飾，或自己是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高等時，只好用that，而不用which.比方：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個經(jīng)過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞時，只好用that，而不用which.比方：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等詞修飾時，只好用that，而不用which.比方：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只好用that，而不用which.比方：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which指引的特別疑問句，為防備重復，只好用that.比方：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在嗚咽的那個女孩是誰？f.主句是therebe結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.比方：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。（5）關系詞只好用which，而不用that的狀況：a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.比方：What‘sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.比方：優(yōu)選Thisistheroominwhichhelives.這是他居住的房間。c.指引非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.比方：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很快樂。五、關系副詞的用法（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。比方：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.這是他到達的時間。（2）where指地址，其先行詞表示地址，在句中作地址狀語。比方：Thisisplacewhereheworks.這是他工作的地址。（3）why指原由，其先行詞是原由，起原由狀語作用。比方：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒人知道他為何上學總遲到。定語從句練習題（附參照答案及剖析）1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.優(yōu)選A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.優(yōu)選A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.asYoucandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whoseSmoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;thatIshallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;whichThenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;areDuringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowedIsoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.itThecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;thatIs_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhereJohngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.whoIhaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen參照答案及剖析A.which用作關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。2．C."和誰講話”要說speaktosb.本題全句應為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關系代詞，作介詞to的賓語，能夠省略。D.where是關系副詞，表示地址，在定語從句中作地址狀語。C.when是關系副詞，表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。5．A.which是關系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語。其余幾個答案都不能夠作賓語。6．C.剖析同第5題。7.A.剖析見第3題。8.A.本句話的先行詞應該是films,所以，關系代詞that是負數(shù)觀點，其謂語動詞應用復述的被動語態(tài)havebeenshown。若是句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則theone應該視為先行詞。優(yōu)選9.A.談“到某事物”應說talkaboutsth.。about是介詞，此后要用which作賓語，不能夠用that。10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關系代詞"結構,常用來指引定語從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞此后只好用which,不能夠用that.withwhich在定語從句中作狀語,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語.12.D.withwhom指引定語從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.D.whose指引定語從句,在從句中作主語family的定語.A.that指引定語從句,由于先行詞是all,所以只好采用that指引.D.thesame..as是固定用法,as指引定語從句時,能夠作主語,賓語或表語.在本句話中,as作從句的主語.16.D.suchas是固定用法,as指引定語從句時,能夠作主語,賓語或表語.在本題中,as作表語.17.B.as作關系代詞能夠單獨用來指引非限制性定語從句。這時as所指代的不是主句中某個名詞，而經(jīng)常指代整個主句的含義。as在從句中能夠作主語、賓語。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as指引定語從句時平時組成suchas或thesameas固定搭配，此中such和same修飾此后的名詞，as為關系代詞，指代其前的名詞指引定語從句。as在從句中能夠作主語、表語或賓語。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時,要用sucha..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復數(shù)名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時,其關系代詞要用that.21.D.who指引非限制性定語從句,who作從句的主語.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關系代詞whom.由于,whom作從句中met的賓語,能夠省略.第二個從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語,不行省略.24.A.whosetitle指引非限制性定語從句,whosetitle也能夠說成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich指引定語從句,使用介詞for,是來自于從句中的固定短語befamousfor"以..而出名".26.C.當先行詞被such修飾時,指引定語從句的關系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語.27.A.兩個先行詞theday都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作狀語,所以要用關系副詞when.第二個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,所以要用關系代詞which或that來指引定語從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來取代“in或(其余介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。29.D.forwhich在定語從句中作原由狀語,可用why來代替.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter組成一個非限制性定語從句.31.A.Thereasonwhywasthat已.成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能夠隨意換位，也不能夠?qū)hat改成because，只管that這個詞在譯文中可能有“由于”的含義。32.B.非限制性定語從句常用which指引,which表示前句話的整個含義.33.A.講解見28題.3