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2023年管理類聯(lián)考英語二真題及答案解析SectionI(lǐng)UseofEnglish?Directions:?Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonA(yù)NSWERSHEET.(10points)
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___(dá)2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3__(dá)_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.?Ofevengreater___5___(dá)isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined__(dá)_6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___(dá)7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___(dá)8__(dá)_,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.
Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfat(yī)islow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.
Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.?1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured?2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome?3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore
4.[A]indicat(yī)or[B]objective[C]origin[D]example
5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern
6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof?7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies?8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart?9.[A]complicat(yī)ed[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward
10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless?11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste
12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay
13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant
14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency?15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitat(yī)ed[D]monitored
16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only?18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded?19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies
20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without?SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA?Directions:?Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.?Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreat(yī)wealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhat(yī)wasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.?Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.?Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagree(cuò)withtheauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandat(yī)ingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.?21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?
[A]Abighouse
[B]Aspecialtour?[C]Astylishcar
[D]Arichmeal
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis?[A]critical?[B]supportive?[C]sympathetic?[D]ambiguous?23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat?[A]consumersaresometimesirrat(yī)ional
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective?[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure?24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism?[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase?[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus
[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement
25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent?[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries?Text2?AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhat(yī)thecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%at(yī)gettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.
Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownestee(cuò)m,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.?PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandat(yī)tractiveness.Rat(yī)herthathavepeoplesimplyrat(yī)etheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbee(cuò)nalteredtoappearmoreandlessat(yī)tractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberat(yī)ion”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheat(yī)photographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscat(yī)alinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.?26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat__(dá)___(dá)_.?[A]ourself-rat(yī)ingsareunrealisticallyhigh?[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect
[C]ournee(cuò)dforleadershipisunnatural?[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective
27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______?[A]rapidwatching?[B]consciouschoice?[C]intuitiveresponse?[D]automat(yī)icself-defence?28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-estee(cuò)mtendedto____(dá)__
[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities?[B]believeintheirat(yī)tractiveness?[C]coveruptheirdepressions
[D]oversimplifytheirillusions
29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto__(dá)___.
[A]instinctively
[B]occasionally
[C]particularly
[D]aggressively?30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan____(dá)_.?[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles
[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles
[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits
[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides?Text4?Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.
Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbee(cuò)ngoodmunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.?Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.?Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.
Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthat(yī)localauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.?Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.
Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthatthee(cuò)xisting£4.5grammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2023,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthat(yī)weareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Wenee(cuò)dtoadjusttothischangingclimate.
36.Theauthorbelievesthat(yī)thehousingsector__?[A]hasattractedmuchattention
[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors?[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility
[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy?37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__
[A]increaseditshomesupply
[B]offeredspendingopportunities?[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases
[D]disappointeernment?38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay__(dá)_____.
[A]allowgreat(yī)ergovernmentdebtforhousing?[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes?[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt?[D]releasealiftedGDPg(shù)rowthforecast
39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould___(dá)__(dá)__.
[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders
[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference
[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments
[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities?40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2023,thegovernmentmay_____(dá)_.
[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing
[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants
[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme?[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector?SectionIIITranslation
Directions:?TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)
Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat(yī)’sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthat(yī)happen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.
Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.
SectionIVWriting?PartA?47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto
1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and?2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.
Donotuseyourownname.
PartB
48.Directions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)
Youshould?1.interpretthechart,and?2.giveyourcomments.
Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)
1.【答案】Bconcluded
【解析】題干中,一系列的研究已經(jīng)___(dá)__,事實(shí)上,正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義,后面的部分事實(shí)上是研究的結(jié)論,因此concluded符合題意,其他選項(xiàng)denied(否認(rèn))與意義相反,doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠(yuǎn),ensured(保證)不符合題意,由于研究不能保證后面的事實(shí),只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。所以對(duì)的答案為B。
2.【答案】Aprotective
【解析】題干中,對(duì)于某些健康情況,超重事實(shí)上是有__(dá)__(dá)_。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論,超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),說明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反,sufficient表達(dá)充足,troublesome表達(dá)有麻煩,不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為A。
3.【答案】Clikewise
【解析】第三句話中,較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。___(dá)__,在老年人中,一定限度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表達(dá)順接的詞語。A選項(xiàng)instead表達(dá)逆接的句意關(guān)系,B選項(xiàng)however也表達(dá)逆接,D選項(xiàng)therefore表達(dá)因此,只有C選項(xiàng)likewise意為同樣地;也,并且。因此對(duì)的答案為C。
4.【答案】Aindicat(yī)or
【解析】本句話中,____(dá)_,一定限度上超重,經(jīng)常是健康的_____。A選項(xiàng),表達(dá)指示器,指標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)objective表達(dá)客觀;C選項(xiàng)origin表達(dá)來源,D選項(xiàng)example表達(dá)例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容,已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此對(duì)的答案為A。
5.【答案】Dconcern?【解析】本句話的句意是,需要更加_____是,很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義。A.impact(印象);B.relevance(相關(guān)性);C.assistance(輔助);D.concern(關(guān)注)。前文已經(jīng)說到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康,但是又面臨一個(gè)問題,到底如何去定義肥胖,因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對(duì)肥的定義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為D。
6.【答案】Aintermsof?【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常_____(dá)_體質(zhì)指數(shù),或稱為BMI來定義。A.intermsof,根據(jù)……,就……而言。B.Incaseof表達(dá)在某種情況下,C.infavorof表達(dá)贊成,以……來取代,D.inrespectof,關(guān)于……。因此對(duì)的答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo),希望考生可以記住這一背景知識(shí),方便日后做題。?7.【答案】Cequals
【解析】本題題干中BMI____(dá)_體重除以身高的平方,這里是用文字?jǐn)⑹隽薆MI指數(shù)得出的方法,也就是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式,所以equal符合題意。Ameasure(測(cè)量).Bdetermine表達(dá)擬定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。?8.【答案】Cinturn
【解析】本題題干中,肥胖___(dá)__可以提成中度肥胖.重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A.inessence(事實(shí)上.事實(shí)上);B.incontrast(相反地);C.inturn(依次);D.inpart(部分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級(jí),所以對(duì)的答案為C。?9.【答案】Dstraightforward?【解析】題干中,相比之下,這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來____(dá)_,事實(shí)上不是的。A.complicated(復(fù)雜);B.conservat(yī)ive(保守).C.variable(可變的);D.straightforward(直截了當(dāng));這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指的就是肥胖指數(shù),肥胖指數(shù)分為三類,并且算法比較簡樸,所以A復(fù)雜不對(duì)的,B選項(xiàng)保守,用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式,不恰當(dāng),一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般是擬定的,因此可變的也不符合題意,D選項(xiàng)straightforward表達(dá)直截了當(dāng),符合題意,因此對(duì)的答案為D。?10.【答案】Bwhile
【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,事實(shí)上身材正好,_____其別人有較低的BMI指數(shù),也許_____。從前半句我們可以看出,有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高,應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于體重肥胖的人,事實(shí)上身材正好,這里說明的是反常的現(xiàn)象,后半句是其別人的BMI指數(shù)較低,而_____(dá)較差。A.so(所以);B.while(而);C.since(由于);D.unless(除非)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以對(duì)的答案為B。?11.【答案】Ashape?【解析】本題可以簡化為:Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不難看出,前后意義相反,且fit(體型健康)與inpoor相應(yīng),與之最相關(guān)是Ashape(外形),故為對(duì)的答案。"精神"."均衡"."品味"都相差比較遠(yuǎn),可以排除。
12.【答案】Bqualify?【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義:有一些人體型很好,有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來舉例說有些專業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員是肥胖的,"開始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內(nèi)容無關(guān);"被認(rèn)為"符合句意,對(duì)的。
13.【答案】Cnormal?【解析】本句不難理解:有些人脂肪過高,但是BMI卻。所需詞匯明顯是正向的,排除A.B;D屬中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,為對(duì)的答案。?14.【答案】Dtendency
【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句:tostigmatizeobesity(抵毀肥胖),作為劃線部分的后置定語,將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)"選擇""理由""機(jī)會(huì)""傾向"代入劃線處,最符合句意的是D(傾向)。后面一句也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了(出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。
15.【答案】Cpictured?【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體,根據(jù)語境,上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是媒體污蔑肥胖,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有Cpicture意思為刻畫,描寫,描述。
16.【答案】Dassociated?【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖_____的原型涉及懶惰,缺少意志力,對(duì)成功的盼望值不高??崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸?,缺少意志力和對(duì)成功的盼望值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn),分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A.與。。。相比;B與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合題意,只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系,相關(guān)符合句意。?17.【答案】Aeven
【解析】空格所在句的意思是___(dá)__小孩子蔑視超重,并且對(duì)身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個(gè)問題。本空格缺少一個(gè)副詞,根據(jù)語境記憶常識(shí),此處應(yīng)當(dāng)填入表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系的詞匯,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Aeven即使符合題意。?18.【答案】Dgrounded?【解析】根據(jù)語境,空前講到對(duì)肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度,空后講到對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,
激發(fā)一批反肥胖的____。本句沒有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞,說明空前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的,反對(duì)肥胖,是基于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),可以表達(dá)此意思的詞匯,只有選項(xiàng)Dgrounded,意思是基于。?19.【答案】Dpolicies?【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子。空后的句子出現(xiàn)了一系列表達(dá)同一個(gè)語義場(chǎng)的詞匯,比如hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,指向的意思是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所出臺(tái)的政策的問題,瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D選項(xiàng)policies符合題意,直接入選。
20.【答案】Bagainst?【解析】本段的主題是反對(duì)肥胖,本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子,用來支持這個(gè)主題,空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個(gè)高知名度的__(dá)___兒童肥胖,甚至告訴奧茲博士,它代表了我們國家最大的安全威脅??崭裰腥鄙僭~匯應(yīng)當(dāng)具有反對(duì),反抗的意思,縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有Bagainst符合題意。
SectionIIReadingComprehension?PartA
Text1
21.【答案】BAspecialtour?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…erestingtrips…",意思是"花錢消費(fèi)在經(jīng)歷方面更好……,比如說有趣的旅行……",由此可以得知答案是B選項(xiàng)"一場(chǎng)特別的旅行"。?22.【答案】Acritical
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit",意思是"普通美國人一年花兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間看電視,并且看電視幾乎不也許更快樂",因此可以得知作者對(duì)于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項(xiàng)"批判的"。
23.【答案】Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure
【解析】觀點(diǎn)例證題。答案定位在第三段,文章中提到McRib這個(gè)例子,用這個(gè)例子證明的論點(diǎn)是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly",大意是"有節(jié)制地消費(fèi)奢侈品最令人愉悅",D選項(xiàng)正是這句論點(diǎn)句的同義替換。
24.【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent",大意是"大多數(shù)人看完這本書后,認(rèn)為物有所值",因此可以推知B選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的答案。
25.【答案】Abalancefee(cuò)linggoodandspendingmoney
【解析】主旨題。縱觀全文可知,全文重要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費(fèi)和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系,因此答案定位在A選項(xiàng)。?Text2?26.【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
【解析】題目問"根據(jù)第一段,社會(huì)心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"相應(yīng)于文章第一段第三句"社會(huì)心理學(xué)家對(duì)所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進(jìn)行大量的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不也許的。"由此可知,我們對(duì)自己評(píng)價(jià)過高。故答案為[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh。
27.【答案】Cintuitiveresponse?【解析】題目問"視覺辨認(rèn)被認(rèn)為是人們的什么?"相應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句"視覺辨認(rèn)是自動(dòng)的心理過程,這個(gè)過程依靠直覺快速發(fā)生,且并不是故意的。"由此可知,視覺辨認(rèn)被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺反映。故答案為[C]intuitiveresponse。
28.【答案】Bbelieveintheirattractiveness?【解析】題目問"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于如何"。相應(yīng)到第四段,第二句講到"沒有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提高最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自己的不安全,接著講到:事實(shí)上,那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人,故答案為[B]believeintheirattractiveness。?29.【答案】[A]instinctively?【解析】題目問"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。相應(yīng)到第五段,viscerally所在句講到"許多人討厭照片中的自己,從某種層面上說,他們甚至不認(rèn)可照片中的人是他們自己。"而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂,在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。"由此可知,viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思,故答案為[A]instinctively。
30.【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides?【解析】題干問"我們可以推理出臉書(facebook)之所以是一個(gè)自我拔高者的天堂,是由于人們可以做什么?"相應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二句,該句講到"在臉書(facebook)中,人們可以分享最滿意的照片。"下文接著講到"不是人們不誠實(shí),而是人們展示了自己最抱負(fù)的形象。"故答案為[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。?Text4
36.【答案】[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors
【解析】根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housingsector可以相應(yīng)到文章的第二段,中間說的很多,我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn),最后應(yīng)當(dāng)是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),此外這里用了themostsignificant最高級(jí),所以最后這個(gè)是最重要的一個(gè)因素,politicallycharged和選項(xiàng)B的politicalfactors有相應(yīng)關(guān)系,故選Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。?A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒有提及,C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任,原文說的shouldertheblame,D項(xiàng)說的喪失價(jià)值,原文說的是不善于表白真正價(jià)值,兩者不一致,故排除。
37.【答案】[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases
【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)合用房曾受到政府的偏見。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話Itnee(cuò)dstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingnee(cuò)d.政府需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采用一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered是過去式,是對(duì)于原文history的同義反復(fù),biases是對(duì)原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。?38.【答案】[A]allowgreat(yī)ergovernmentdebtforhousing?【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知,此人將會(huì)讓本地政府用來償還建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松,并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下,將會(huì)另有60,000所房屋在未來的五年中建立,并由此拉動(dòng)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。因此A(允許更大的政府的建房借貸)是對(duì)的的,而B(嚴(yán)禁本地政府建房),C(準(zhǔn)備減少建房借貸),D(發(fā)布國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長的預(yù)報(bào))都與原文意思不符。?39.【答案】[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments
【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段,題干考察的是對(duì)穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是"減少注冊(cè)供應(yīng)者的成本",其中"成本一詞"并未在文中出現(xiàn),屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"減少政府接介入的影響",其中"政府介入"并未在文中出現(xiàn),屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持",其中"為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"相應(yīng)文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C選項(xiàng)中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)對(duì)英文中的haveasignificantimpact(意思是有重要影響),符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則,所以是對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。?40.【答案】[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector?【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行??疾斓氖?023年以后政府的也許性動(dòng)作。A項(xiàng)的意思是"推行更多的政策來支持住房"與原文意義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審閱大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求,與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違反。C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可承擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒有提到renew一詞。D項(xiàng)的意思是停止對(duì)住房部門的大額資助,與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配,故為對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。?SectionIIITranslation
46.?【參考譯文】
【參考譯文】
大多數(shù)人樂意把樂觀定義為無盡的歡樂,就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會(huì)為積極心理學(xué)家所推薦的虛假快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的TalBen-Shahar專家說,“健康的樂觀主義,意味著要處在現(xiàn)實(shí)之中?!痹贐en-Shahar看來,現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂觀主義者,會(huì)盡最大努力做好一件事,而不是相信每件事都會(huì)有最佳的結(jié)果。
Ben-Shahar會(huì)進(jìn)行三種樂觀方面的練習(xí)。比如說,當(dāng)他進(jìn)行了一次糟糕的演講,感到心情郁悶的時(shí)候,他會(huì)告訴自己這是人之常情。他會(huì)提醒自己:并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獲,總會(huì)有一些演講比其它演講效果差。接著是重塑,他分析了這個(gè)效果不好的演講,并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來做準(zhǔn)備。最后,需要有這樣一種觀點(diǎn),那
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