2023年考研英語一真題答案詳解

2０23年考研英語一真題及答案詳解SｅctiｏｎIUseofEnglｉshＤｉｒｅctiｏns:Reaｄthｅｆollｏwiｎgtｅxｔ.Cｈooseｔhebestｗord(s)foreａchnumｂeredblankａndｍarｋＡ,Ｂ,CorDonANSWＥRSHEEＴ１.(１０pｏinｔs)TｈeｅthｉcａljuｄｇｍｅnｔsofthｅSuｐremeCourtjｕｓticeｓhavebecomeaｎiｍporｔａｎｔissｕｅrecｅｎtly.Tｈecourtcａnｎoｔ_1_iｔｓｌegitimaｃyaｓｇｕａrdianofｔheruleoflaw_2＿justiｃeｓbehａｖelikepoliｔicians.Yet，inseｖeralｉｎsｔａnces,jｕｓｔicesactedinｗａysｔhat_3_thecourt’srｅpｕtａt(yī)ioｎforbeingiｎdependenｔanｄimpartiaｌ.JustiｃeAｎtonｉnScａlｉａ,ｆorexaｍplｅ,aｐpeareｄaｔpoliticalevenｔｓ.Thaｔkiｎdoｆaｃtivitymakｅsitlｅsｓliｋeｌｙthaｔthｅcoｕｒt’ｓdｅｃｉｓｉonswｉｌlbe_4_aｓiｍpartialjｕdgments.Partｏftheproｂlｅmisthatｔｈejuｓticesarｅnoｔ＿5_byａｎeｔhｉｃscｏｄe．Aｔｔｈｅｖeｒｙleast，tｈｅcourtshouｌdmakｅitself_6_tothecodeofconduｃtthat_7＿tｏtheｒeｓtoｆｔhｅfederaｌjudiciａry．Tｈｉｓandothｅｒsiｍilarcaseｓ_8_tｈｅｑuestｉoｎｏfwｈethｅrtｈereiｓstｉlla＿９_betwｅenthｅｃourｔandpoｌitｉcs．ＴｈeframeｒsoｆtheConsｔｉtutioneｎｖiｓioｎedlaw_10_haｖingauthoritｙaｐaｒtfｒompolｉtics.Ｔheｙｇａvejｕstｉｃｅsperｍaｎeｎｔpｏsiｔiｏns_1１_ｔheywouldbefｒeeｔo_１2＿thoｓｅｉnｐowｅrandhavenoneedto_13＿ｐoliticaｌｓupport.Ｏuｒlegalsysｔemwａsｄesｉgnedtosetlawａpaｒｔfｒompoｌｉtｉｃspreciselybｅcausetheyarｅsocｌｏseｌy_1４_.Ｃonstituｔioｎalｌawispoliｔiｃａlbｅcaｕseiｔresulｔsfｒomchｏiceｓｒooteｄiｎfuｎdaｍentalsocial_15_likelibertyandpropｅrty.Whｅnｔｈecoｕrtｄealswｉtｈｓoｃiａlpolicｙdeｃisｉoｎs,theｌaｗiｔ_１6_isineｓcapａｂlypolitｉcal－ｗｈiｃhiswhyｄecｉsionsｓpｌｉtalongｉdeｏｌogｉcａllｉneｓarｅsoeａsily_17_aｓuｎｊｕst.Thejusticｅｓmｕst_18_doubtsaboutｔhｅｃourt’slegitimaｃybｙｍakingｔhemselves_１9_totｈecodeofconduct.Tｈatwouｌdmａkerulｉngsmoreｌikelytｏｂeseeｎaｓsepａratefｒｏmｐoliticsanｄ,_20_,coｎｖiｎｃiｎgaｓlaw.１.[Ａ］emphａsizｅ[Ｂ]mainｔain[C]mｏdify[D］recｏｇnize２.[Ａ］when[B]lest［C］bｅfore[Ｄ]unleｓs3．[Ａ]ｒestｏred[B]wｅaｋened[C]estａblｉｓhed[Ｄ]ｅliminatｅd4.[A]cｈallenged[B]compromｉsed[C]ｓuｓｐected[Ｄ]acｃepteｄ5．[Ａ]advanced[B]caugｈt[C]ｂouｎd［D]ｆounｄed6.［A]ｒesｉsｔaｎt［B]ｓuｂｊeｃt[C]immune［D]prone7.[A]rｅsoｒts[Ｂ］sticks[Ｃ］loadｓ［D］ａｐｐlies8.［A]evade[B]rａise[Ｃ]denｙ［D]settｌe9.[A]line［B］baｒrｉer[C］similarity［Ｄ]ｃonflict１0．[A]ｂｙ[B]aｓ［C]ｔhoｕgh[Ｄ]towards1１.[A]ｓo[B]siｎce[C]proviｄｅd[D]tｈough１2.［Ａ]ｓｅrve[B]sａt(yī)iｓfy［C]ｕpsｅt[Ｄ]replace1３.[A]cｏnfｉrm[B]ｅxpｒess[C]cultｉvａｔe[Ｄ]oｆfeｒ14.[Ａ］ｇuarded[B]followeｄ［C］ｓtuｄieｄ[D］tiｅｄ15.[Ａ]ｃonceｐｔｓ[B]theorｉｅs[C]ｄｉvisｉｏｎs［D]ｃonｃeptiｏnｓ１6.[A]excluｄes[Ｂ]qｕestionｓ[C]sｈapｅs[D]ｃｏｎｔrols１7.[A］dismissed[Ｂ]rｅleａsed[C]raｎked[D]disｔorｔｅｄ18.[A]ｓｕｐpｒeｓs[B］ｅxploit[C］address[D］iｇnore19.[A]ａcｃｅssiblｅ[B]aｍiablｅ［C]ａgreeaｂle［D]accｏuntａble2０.［A]byａllmesns[Ｂ]atallcosts[C］ｉnawｏrd[D]ａｓaｒesultSectionIIＲｅadｉngComprｅhensｉonParｔＡDirecｔionｓ:Ｒeａdthefｏllowｉｎgfourｔeｘts.AnｓｗeｒthｅquestｉoｎsbｅlｏwｅachtextbycｈoosiｎgA,B,CoｒD.MarkyouranｓwｅrsonＡNＳＷERSＨEET１．(40points）Tｅxt1Comeon–Ｅverybody’sｄoingit.Ｔｈaｔwhisｐeredmeｓｓage,halｆinｖｉtationａndhalfｆorcing，isｗhatmostofustｈinkoｆwhｅnweｈeartheｗoｒdspeerpressure.Itusualｌyleａdstonogoｏd－drｉnkiｎg，ｄｒugｓandcasualsｅｘ.ButｉnｈernewｂookＪoinｔｈeClｕｂ,TinａRosenbｅrｇcontｅｎｄsthatpeerpressurecａnalsoｂeaposｉtivefｏrcethｒoughｗhａt(yī)sｈeｃａllstｈesｏｃialcure,ｉnwhiｃhorgaｎizaｔionsandofｆiｃｉalｓusethepowｅrofgroupdynamicstoheｌｐiｎdiviｄｕalsｉｍproveｔheiｒlivesandpossｉｂlythewoｒｄ.Rosｅｎbeｒg，ｔheｒeｃipientofaPuｌitzｅrPｒｉzｅ,offersahｏｓtｏfexampleoｆｔhｅsｏcｉalｃureinacｔiｏn:InSｏｕtｈＣaｒoｌina,astａt(yī)e-ｓpｏnsoreｄaｎtismokｉngprograｍcaｌlｅｄRagｅAgainsｔtheHazesetsouttomakecigaｒettesuncool．InSouｔhAｆrｉｃa，anＨＩV-ｐreventionｉnｉtiativekｎownasLoveLiｆerecrｕitsyouｎgpeoｐｌｅｔoｐroｍoｔesａfｅsｅxamongtheirpeerｓ.Tｈeideａseemspｒomｉｓing,andRｏｓｅnｂergｉsaperceptiｖeｏｂserｖer．Heｒcrｉtiqｕeoｆtｈelameｎｅｓsｏfmanyｐubic－h(huán)ｅalthcａｍｐａiｇｎsｉsspot－on：tｈeyfａｉltomoｂiｌiｚepeｅrpreｓsｕrｅfｏrheａlｔhｙhabits，andtheydｅmonｓtratｅａｓeｒｉouslｙflａwedunｄerstａｎdｉngoｆｐsycｈology.”Ｄａreｔobedifferｅnt,plｅasｅdon’tｓmokｅ！”pｌeaｄsoｎｅbillbｏaｒdcamｐａignaiｍedatｒedｕcｉngsmｏkｉnｇamongtｅenagers－ｔeeｎaｇerｓ,ｗhodesireｎothｉngmoｒｅthａnfittingin．Ｒｏsenbeｒｇarｇuescｏnｖｉnciｎglythａt(yī)puｂｌic-healｔhadvocaｔesougｈttotａｋeapagefroｍadｖerｔiｓers,ｓosｋｉlｌedatapplyiｎｇpｅerpｒｅsｓurｅ．Butonthｅgeｎerａｌefｆectiveｎeｓｓｏｆｔhesｏciａlcure,Ｒｏｓenｂergisｌessperｓuasiｖe.JoｉnｔｈeClubisfiｌleｄwiｔhｔoｏｍuchirrelｅvantdｅtaｉlandnotenouｇｈexpｌoｒatiｏnｏfthesocialandｂｉoｌｏgicalfactorsthatmａkepｅｅrpressuresopoｗerｆｕｌ．Ｔｈeｍｏｓtglaringｆlawｏｆthesociａlｃｕreａsit’spｒesｅｎｔedhereｉsthaｔiｔｄoｅsn’ｔｗoｒkｖｅrywellfｏrｖeｒyloｎg.ＲageAgainｓttheHazeｆaiｌedoncｅstａt(yī)efundｉngwascut.EvｉdencｅthattheＬｏvｅLifeｐｒｏｇraｍproｄuceslasｔingｃhangｅｓislｉmｉtedaｎｄmｉxed.Therｅ’snｏdｏuｂtthatouｒｐｅｅrｇroｕpseｘertenormoｕsinｆluenｃeonouｒｂehａviｏr．Anemeｒginｇbodyofreseaｒchsｈｏwstｈatposｉtｉvehealｔhhabits－aswellasnｅgativeoneｓ-sｐrｅaｄtｈrouｇhｎeｔｗorksoffriendｓviａsocialcomｍuｎiｃaｔｉｏn.Tｈisisａｓubtleformｏfｐeerpreｓsuｒｅ:weuｎconscｉouｓlyimｉｔatｅtheｂehavｉorwｅseeeｖｅryｄay.Fａrｌesｓcerｔａin,howeｖer,ｉshowsｕccesｓｆulｌｙexpｅrｔsａｎdｂuｒeaｕｃrａt(yī)scanseｌectouｒpeerｇroupｓandsｔeｅrtheｉractivitiｅｓiｎvirtuousｄireｃtｉons.Ｉｔ’slikethetｅacherｗhｏｂrｅakｓuptheｔｒoubleｍakｅrsｉnｔｈebacｋrowbyｐａiｒinｇtheｍwithbettｅr－behavedｃｌassmates.Thetactiｃneverrｅａllyｗorks.Andthat’ｓtheｐrobｌemwｉthasocialcureengineerｅdfromtｈeoutsｉｄｅ：inｔheｒｅalwoｒlｄ,asiｎschool,wｅinsistｏncｈoosingourownfriｅndｓ.21.Acｃｏrdiｎgtｏthefirstpａｒａｇｒａpｈ,peerpressureoｆtenemergesas[A]asｕpplｅmenttotｈesocialcure[B]asｔimuｌuｓtogrｏupdｙnａmｉｃs[C]aｎobstaｃlｅtoscｈｏoｌpｒogｒｅｓs[D]acauseofuｎdesirabｌebｅhavｉorｓ2２.Rosenｂergholdsthatpｕbｌicａdｖocａt(yī)eｓshｏuｌd[A]recrｕitｐroｆesｓionalａｄvertisers[B］learnfroｍadveｒtiｓers’exｐerｉenｃe［C]ｓtａｙａwayfrｏｍｃommerｃiaｌadverｔiｓerｓ[Ｄ］ｒecｏgnｉzethｅliｍitａt(yī)iｏnsofadvertｉsｅmｅnts23．Iｎthｅａuthor’ｓview，Rosｅｎberg’sbｏokfａｉｌsto[A]adeｑuatｅlyｐrobｅsocｉａlaｎｄbiolｏgicalｆacｔors[Ｂ]efｆeｃtiｖelyｅvａdeｔheｆlａwsoｆtheｓocialcｕre[Ｃ］iｌlustratethefｕnctiｏnsofsｔatefｕnding［D］proｄucealｏng-ｌastingsoｃiaｌeｆｆect24.Parａgraph５shoｗsｔhatourimiｔationoｆbehaviｏrs[Ａ]ｉｓharmfultoｏurｎｅｔwｏrkｓoｆｆrienｄs[B]ｗｉllｍｉｓleaｄｂｅhavｉoralstudies[Ｃ]ｏｃcｕrswithｏｕtourｒealizｉngit[D]canprｏducenｅgativeｈealtｈhaｂitｓ25.Theauｔhorsugｇesｔsｉntｈelastｐaragrａpｈthaｔｔhｅeffｅcｔｏfｐｅerpreｓsｕreis[A]ｈaｒmful[B]deｓirabｌe［C]profound[D］ｑuｅstｉonａble

Texｔ2Ａｄealｉsａdｅａl-excｅpｔ,apparenｔｌy,ｗｈｅｎＥnｔerｇyｉｓinｖoｌveｄ．Ｔhecomｐaｎy,amaｊoｒenergｙsｕｐplｉｅｒinNewＥngｌanｄ,provokedjustifiedｏutｒageinＶeｒmontlasｔweｅkｗheｎitannｏｕｎcediｔｗaｓrenｅgingｏｎalongstandingｃomｍiｔmenｔtｏaｂideｂyｔhesｔricｔnuｃleａrreｇｕｌａt(yī)ions.Instead,tｈeｃompａnyhasdoneprｅcｉselywｈatiｔhadlｏnｇprｏmiｓedｉtwｏｕldnotchallengetheconstiｔuｔｉonaｌityofVeｒｍｏnｔ’srulesinthｅfederａｌｃourｔ,aspａrtoｆadespｅraｔeeffｏｒttｏkeｅpitｓＶerｍｏｎtYankeｅｎuclearｐoｗｅrpｌanｔrunnｉnｇ.It’saｓtｕｎnｉngｍovｅ.Theconｆlicｔhaｓbｅｅｎsurfaciｎｇsince2０23,whenthecoｒporatｉｏnboｕghｔＶermonｔ’sonlｙnuclearpowerｐlaｎt,anagingreaｃtoｒinＶｅｒnｏn.Asacoｎｄｉtionofreceiviｎgｓtａt(yī)eａppｒoｖaｌforthesale,ｔhecompanyagreedtoｓｅekpermissionfrｏmstatｅｒeｇｕlａt(yī)oｒstoｏpｅratepast202３.In202３,thestatewentａｓteｐfurtｈer,ｒeｑｕiringtｈａt(yī)anｙeｘtensionoftheｐｌａｎｔ’sliｃeｎｓｅbｅsｕbjeｃttoＶermontlegｉslaturｅ’sapprｏvａｌ.Ｔhｅn,too,tｈeｃompaｎyweｎtalｏnｇ.EｉｔheｒEntergynｅverrealｌyｉnｔendedｔolivｅbytｈoｓｅcommitmentｓ,orｉｔsiｍplydidn’tforeｓｅewｈａｔwouｌdｈapｐenｎext.Astringoｆacｃidｅnts,ｉｎcｌudinｇtｈeparｔｉａlcoｌlａpｓeofａｃoolingtｏwｅｒiｎ207andtｈeｄiｓcoｖeryofaｎundeｒgroundｐipesｙstemlｅａkａge,raｉｓedsｅriousquestionsａbouｔbｏthＶeｒmontYａnkｅe’sｓａfeｔyanｄEｎtergy’ｓmanagemｅnt–eｓpeciａllyafｔerｔｈecｏmpanymａdemisｌeadｉnｇstateｍentsａｂouttheｐipｅ.EnｒageｄｂyＥｎtergｙ’sbehａｖiｏr,ｔｈeVermonｔSenaｔｅvoｔeｄ2６to４ｌastyearａgainstaｌｌｏwiｎganextensｉｏn.Nowｔhecompanｙisｓｕddenlｙclａｉmingthattｈe202３agreeｍｅｎｔisinvａlｉdｂecauｓeofthe202３legiｓlation,anｄｔｈatonlythｅfedeｒａｌgoveｒnmenthasregｕlａt(yī)orypoweroveｒnｕcｌｅａrisｓues.Thelegalｉssuesintheｃａｓeａｒeobscｕre:wｈereaｓtｈeSｕpremeＣouｒｔhaｓruｌedthatsｔaｔeｓｄohavｅｓoｍerｅgulatoryauthｏrityoｖeｒnuclearｐoｗｅr,legａｌsｃholarｓsayｔhaｔＶｅrmoｎtcasewillofferaprｅcｅdent-settingｔeｓtofｈowｆaｒthｏsepowｅｒseｘｔend．Cerｔａiｎｌｙ，ｔhereaｒｅvａliｄcｏncｅrnsaboutthｅpａｔchｗｏrkregulatiｏnsthatcouｌｄｒesuｌtifeverystatesetｓiｔsoｗnｒules．BｕthadEntergykeptｉｔｓｗorｄ,thatｄebａt(yī)ewouｌdbeｂｅsiｄeｔhepoｉnｔ.TheｃoｍpaｎyseｅmｓｔｏｈavecｏncluｄedthatitsreputaｔioninVeｒmoｎtｉsaｌreaｄysodamagedtｈatitｈaｓnoｔinglｅftｔolｏｓebygoingtｏwａrwitｈtｈeｓtaｔe.Buttｈｅrｅshoｕlｄbｅconseｑuｅnces.Permｉｓｓiｏnｔoruｎanuclｅarplantisapobｌｉctrusｔ.Entｅrgyｒuns１１ｏthｅrreacｔｏrsinｔheUnitｅdStaｔｅs,ｉｎclｕdingＰilgｒｉmNｕcｌearstａt(yī)ionｉnPlyｍoutｈ.PlｅdgｉnｇtoｒunPilｇrimsａfelｙ,tｈｅcomｐａnyｈaｓａppliedforｆederalpermissiontｏkeepiｔoｐｅnｆoｒaｎother20ｙears.ＢutastheNucleａｒRegulａt(yī)oryCommｉssｉoｎ(NＲC)revieｗｓthecompanｙ’sappliｃaｔｉｏn,itshouldkeepitmｉndwhatｐrｏmisesｆromＥntｅｒgyａｒewｏrtｈ.26.Ｔｈeｐhrase“renegｉｎgon”(Line３．pａra.１)isclosestinmeaｎingto［A]condｅmniｎg.［B]reaｆfirｍinｇ.[C]dishonoriｎg.[D]sｅcuriｎg.27.Byenteriｎgintｏthe2０２3aｇreement，Ｅｎtergyiｎtenｄedｔo［A］obｔａiｎｐroteｃtｉonfromVermｏntregulａt(yī)ors.[B］ｓｅeｋfavorｆroｍtｈｅfedeｒａｌlegislａt(yī)ure.［C］ａｃｑuirｅanextenｓioｎofｉｔｓbuｓｉｎesｓlｉｃｅnse.[D］gｅｔpｅｒmissionｔｏpｕrchaseapoｗerplant．2８.AcｃoｒdiｎgtoPaｒagrａph4，Enｔｅrｇyｓｅemsｔｏｈaveprobleｍswiｔｈits[A]maｎaｇerialpracｔicｅs．[B]ｔecｈnicalinnｏvａt(yī)iveness.[Ｃ]finanｃiaｌgoａls．[D]businessvisiｏn２9.Intheａuthｏｒ’sview，theＶermｏｎｔcaｓｅｗilｌtest［A]Eｎtergｙ’scapaｃitytofuｌｆｉｌｌallitspromｉsｅs．［B]ｔｈemａｔuｒｅofsｔatｅs’patchｗorkregulａｔｉｏnｓ．[C]thｅfederalautｈorityoverｎｕｃｌｅａrissueｓ.[D]theｌiｍitsｏfsｔａt(yī)ｅｓ’pｏwerｏvernｕｃleａｒissuｅs.30.Ｉtcanｂeiｎｆerreｄfromｔｈeｌastｐａｒagrａphtｈaｔ［A]Enteｒｇy’ｓbusinｅｓsｅlｓewherｅmightbｅａffected．［B]thｅauthoｒiｔyoftheNRＣwilｌbeｄeｆied.［Ｃ]EｎtergyｗｉｌlwｉthdrawitsＰl(wèi)yｍoutｈaｐplｉｃaｔｉｏn.[D］Verｍoｎt’sreｐutatｉｏnｍightbｅdamａｇｅd.Texｔ３Intｈeｉdealizeｄversiｏnｏfhoｗscienceiｓdone，faｃtsabouttｈewoｒldarewaｉtiｎgtｏbeｏbserｖedaｎｄcollectedbｙoｂjeｃtivereseaｒcherswhousetｈesｃiｅntiｆicmeｔhodｔoｃarryouttｈeirｗork.Buｔinｔheeverｙｄaypracticeofｓcience,ｄisｃoｖeｒyfrequenｔlyfollowsａnａmbigｕouｓandcｏmｐｌicａt(yī)eｄrｏutｅ.Weaiｍｔobeobjectiｖe,butwecannotｅscａpetheconｔextｏfourunｉquｅlifeexpeｒiencｅ.Pｒｉoｒknowledgｅanｄiｎterestｉnｆluenｃewhatweexperｉeｎｃe，whaｔwethｉｎｋouｒexpeｒieｎcesｍean,ａnｄｔhｅｓubsｅｑｕentactiｏnswetaｋe.Oｐportunitiesfｏｒｍｉsinteｒpretation,errｏr，andｓeｌf－ｄｅcepｔioｎabｏuｎd.Conｓeｑｕentｌy，discoｖeｒｙclaimsshoulｄbethoｕｇｈｔoｆａｓpｒｏｔｏsciencｅ.Sｉmilartｏnewlyｓtakedmｉningclaiｍｓ,theyareｆｕｌｌofpoteｎtｉaｌ.Butittakesｃoｌｌectivesｃｒｕtinyanｄacceptaｎcｅtｏtｒansformaｄiｓcoveryclaimintoamatuｒeｄiscoverｙ.Ｔhiｓiｓtheｃrediｂｉlityprocｅｓs,ｔhrouｇhｗhiｃhｔheindｉvidｕalreｓearcher’ｓｍｅ,here,ｎoｗbｅｃomeｓthｅcomｍuｎiｔｙ’sanｙone,anywhere，anyｔｉme.Objeｃｔiveknowleｄgｅisthｅgoaｌ,notthｅｓtａrtinｇpｏint.Onｃeadisｃｏverｙｃlaimｂecomespublic,ｔｈediｓcｏｖｅrerｒｅｃeivｅsintellｅｃtｕalcrｅｄｉｔ.Ｂut,unlikewiｔｈｍｉningclａimｓ,ｔhecoｍｍunitytakesｃontｒolofｗhatｈapｐeｎsnext.Wiｔｈiｎtheｃomplｅxsociａlsｔrｕｃtureｏｆtheｓcientifiｃcｏmmuｎｉtｙ,researcｈｅrsmakeｄiscoveries；editorsａnｄrｅviewersacｔasgateｋeeｐeｒsbycｏnｔrollingthepｕｂlｉｃatioｎproｃesｓ;ｏｔｈｅｒscientiｓtsｕsethｅｎewfｉnｄｉnｇｔosuｉttheirownpｕrposeｓ;andfｉnａllｙ,ｔｈepuｂlic(ｉncｌuｄiｎgotｈｅrscientists)reｃｅiｖeｓthｅｎewｄｉｓcｏveryaｎdｐoｓsiｂlｙaccomｐanｙingteｃｈnology．Asadiscｏverｙcｌａｉmworksitthroughｔhecｏmmuｎity,ｔheintｅｒactｉｏｎandconfｒonｔａt(yī)ionｂetwｅensｈareｄaｎdcompｅtiｎgbeliefsaboｕtｔｈｅｓcieｎcｅandthetecｈnoｌoｇｙinvｏlｖedｔransｆormsaninｄividuａl’sｄiscoｖeryclａimiｎtotheｃommuniｔy’sｃｒedｉbleｄiｓｃovｅry.Twoparadoxｅsexisｔthroｕghｏuｔthｉscrediｂilｉｔypｒocｅsｓ．Ｆirst,sｃientifｉｃｗorkｔｅnｄstofocｕsｏnsoｍeaｓpｅctofpreｖaiｌinｇＫnowlｅdｇethａt(yī)isｖｉｅwｅdasｉncomｐleｔｅorｉｎcorrecｔ.Ｌitｔlｅｒｅｗaｒdacｃompaｎｉesduｐlｉcａt(yī)ｉonａndcoｎfiｒmatioｎofｗhaｔｉsalreadykｎownａndbeliｅved．Thｅgoaliｓｎew-search，notre-ｓearch．Noｔsurpｒｉsｉngly，nｅwlｙpubｌishｅdｄiｓcｏｖeｒyclaimｓaｎdcｒediblｅｄiｓcovｅriesthatａpｐｅartobeｉmｐortantａndconvｉncinｇwｉllａｌwaｙsbeｏpentocｈalｌengeandpoｔentｉaｌmodificatioｎｏrｒｅfｕtaｔionbyfuｔurereｓeaｒcheｒs.Ｓecond,noveltｙitseｌffrｅquentlyprovoｋesｄiｓbelief．NobｅlLaｕreaｔeanｄpｈｙsiologistＡlbertAzent－Gyｏrｇyｉoncｅdescrｉbｅddiｓcoveryas“sｅeｉnｇｗhateverybｏｄyhasｓｅeｎandthinkingｗhａt(yī)ｎｏbodyｈasthought.”Buｔｔｈinｋingwhatnobodｙelｓehaｓthｏｕghtandtｅlｌingoｔheｒsｗhatthｅyhａｖemissedmayｎotｃhanｇethｅirviews．Soｍｅｔiｍeｓｙeaｒsarerequiredｆｏrtrulｙnoｖelｄiscoveｒyclaｉmstobeacｃｅpteｄａndapｐrｅcｉaｔed.Inｔｈｅenｄ，credibiｌｉty“ｈａｐpenｓ”ｔoａdｉｓcｏverｙclａiｍ–aｐrｏcesstｈatcorreｓpondstowhａt(yī)ｐhilosoｐｈｅｒAnneｔｔeBaierhasdesｃrｉbedasthecｏｍmoｎsofthｅｍind.“Wereａsoｎtoｇｅther,ｃｈaｌlenge,reviｓe，ａnｄcompleteeachｏther’sｒeasoningandeacｈother’scｏｎceｐtionｓｏfreason.”3１.Acｃordｉngtoｔｈefirｓtpａraｇraph,thepｒocｅssoｆｄisｃovｅryisｃhａｒacterizedbyｉts［A]uncertaiｎtyandcｏｍｐlｅxity.[B]ｍiscｏnｃeｐtioｎanｄdｅceｐtｉｖｅnｅss.[C]loｇicａlityａndobjectivｉty．［D］systemaｔicnessaｎｄreｇuｌarity．３２.IｔcanｂeinfｅrreｄfromPaｒagrａph2tｈaｔｃｒｅdibｉlityprocｅssreqｕiｒes[A]strｉctinｓpectｉoｎ.[B]ｓharedefｆｏrts．[C]inｄividualwisdom.[D］persistentinnovation.33．Paragraph３sｈowsthａt(yī)ａdｉscoveｒycｌaiｍbecomescredｉｂleaｆｔｅrit[Ａ]ｈasattｒacｔｅdtheaｔｔentiｏnofthegenｅrａlpubｌic.[B]haｓｂeenｅｘａmiｎedbythｅscientifiｃｃommunｉtｙ.[C]ｈasrｅceｉvｅdrｅcogｎiｔiｏｎfrｏmｅditｏrsaｎdrevｉewｅｒｓ.[D］hasｂｅenfｒequenｔlｙquotedbyｐｅｅrscｉenｔists．34.AlbertSｚeｎt-Gy?rｇｙｉwouldｍｏsｔｌiｋｅlyaｇrｅｅtｈａt(yī)［A］scieｎｔiｆiccｌaimsｗilｌsurｖiｖｅchaｌlenges．[Ｂ]disｃoveriestoｄayinspiｒeｆuｔｕｒｅresｅａrch.[C]effoｒtstｏｍａkedｉscoｖeriesarejustified.[D]scｉenｔiｆicｗoｒkcallsfｏrａｃriticalmｉnd.３５.Wｈｉchofthefollowiｎgｗｏｕldｂethebesｔtiｔleofｔhetest?[A]NoｖｅltｙasａnEnｇineofＳcientifiｃDｅｖｅlopment.[B]ＣoｌlecｔiveScrutinｙinScｉentificDiｓcoｖｅrｙ.[Ｃ]EvolｕtｉonofＣredｉｂilityinDｏingＳcience.[D]ChallenｇｅtoCrｅdibｉlityaｔthｅGaｔetｏScieｎｃｅ.Teｘt4IfthetraｄeｕnｉonistJimｍｙHoffaｗeｒealivｅtoday，hｅwouldproｂablyｒepreｓeｎtcivｉlｓervaｎt.WhenＨoffａ’sTｅａｍsｔeｒsｗｅｒｅiｎtｈeirprimｅin1960,oｎlyonｅinｔｅｎAmericangovernmｅｎtwoｒkｅｒsbelongeｄtｏaｕｎｉon；nｏｗ36%ｄo．Ｉn202３thenｕmbeｒoｆunionistsｉnAｍerｉca’spublicsectorｐasseｄthａt(yī)ofthｅirfelｌowｍemｂｅｒsｉｎthepｒivａt(yī)eｓector.InＢritaiｎ,moｒｅthanｈaｌｆｏfpｕblic-ｓeｃtorｗoｒkｅrsｂutｏｎlｙaｂout１５%oｆprivatｅ-ｓectorｏｎesａｒｅuｎionized.Thｅrearｅthｒeerｅasｏnｓfoｒtｈepｕblic-secｔoｒｕnioｎs’thrivｉnｇ．First,theycanｓhｕtthingsdownwitｈoｕtsuｆferingmｕcｈintｈewａyofconseｑuences.Second,theyａremosｔlybｒｉghtaｎdｗeｌl-eｄucａt(yī)ed.AｑuaｒteｒoｆAmeriｃa’ｓpuｂｌｉc-sectoｒｗoｒkershａveauniversiｔydegrｅe．Thｉrd,theynoｗdoｍinateleft-of-ｃenｔrepolitiｃs.Someoftheｉrtｉesgoｂackalongwaｙ.Brｉtain’sLabｏrPaｒty,aｓiｔsnamｅｉmpｌiｅs,hasloｎgbeenaｓsociateｄwｉtｈtradeuｎｉonisｍ.Ｉtscｕｒｒentlｅaｄｅr，EｄMiliband,oweshisｐosｉtｉontｏvotesfｒoｍｐublｉc-sｅctｏｒｕｎionｓ．Attheｓｔatｅlｅveｌthｅirｉｎfｌuenｃeｃａnbeevenmoｒefearsｏme.ＭarkＢaldassareoｆthｅPublicPoｌｉcyIｎｓtiｔuteofCalifｏｒniａpoｉｎtsoutthatmuchｏfthｅstａt(yī)ｅ’sbuｄgｅtispａt(yī)roｌledbyunｉｏnｓ．Theｔeａchers’unionsｋeepaneyeoｎschools,tｈｅCCPＯAoｎpriｓonsａndavaｒieｔｙoflａborgrｏuｐsonｈealthcaｒe.Iｎmanyriｃhcｏｕntｒiｅｓavｅragewagｅsintｈｅｓtａt(yī)ｅseｃtorａrehigherｔｈanintheｐｒivateoｎe．Ｂuttｈeｒeａlｇainscomeｉnｂeｎefitsａndwｏrkpｒactiｃes.Poｌiｔｉｃｉａnshａvereｐeatedly“bａｃkｌoaded”ｐｕbｌic-ｓｅctｏrpaｙｄｅals,kｅeｐｉnｇthepａyincｒｅaｓesmoｄｅsｔｂutａｄdinｇtoholidａｙsandespｅｃiaｌlypensionsthataｒealreａdygenerous．Ｒefｏrmｈasbeeｎvigｏrousｌｙｏｐpｏｓｅd,perhapｓmosｔeｇｒｅｇiouslｙiｎeduｃａt(yī)ｉｏn,ｗherecharterｓｃhｏolｓ,ａcaｄemiesandmｅｒitpａｙallfａceｄdｒaｗn-outｂａt(yī)tｌes．Evｅｎthougｈthｅrｅiｓplｅntyofevidｅnｃethatｔheqｕalｉｔyofthｅtｅacheｒsisｔhemosｔimportantvariable,teacherｓ’unionsｈaｖefoｕghtagａiｎstgettinｇriｄoｆｂａdｏnｅsａｎdpromoｔinｇgoodonｅｓ．Astｈecosｔｔoeveｒｙｏneeｌsehasbｅｃomｅclｅarｅｒ,poｌitｉｃiaｎsｈａvｅｂeguntｏclａｍpｄoｗn.InWｉｓcｏｎｓintheunｉｏnshaｖeraｌlｉeｄthousａｎdｓｏfsuppｏrteｒsagainｓtScotｔＷaｌkｅｒ，thｅhardlineReｐuｂlｉcａngovernor.Butｍaｎyｗｉthiｎthepubliｃsecｔｏｒsufferｕnｄertｈeｃｕｒｒentsystｅm，too.JoｈnDonahｕeatHarvａrd’sKｅｎnedyＳchoｏｌpoｉntsｏutｔｈatthｅnorｍsｏfcｕltｕreｉnＷｅsterncivｉlseｒviceｓsｕiｔtｈosewｈｏwａnttostaｙputbutisbadforhiｇhachievers.TheonlｙAmericanpｕblic-ｓectoｒwoｒｋerswhoearnwｅｌｌａbｏve$25０,0０0ayeaｒareuniversityspｏrtｓcoａchｅsａndtheｐｒｅsｉdentoftheＵnｉtｅdStatｅs．Bankers’fａt(yī)ｐaｙpａcｋｅtｓhaｖｅatｔractｅdｍｕcｈcriｔicｉsm,ｂutａpublic－sectorsyｓｔemthatdoｅsnｏtreｗaｒｄhighacｈieｖeｒsｍaybｅamucｈbiｇｇerprｏblemforAmerｉca.36.Itcanbeleａrnedfromtｈefirstpaｒagrapｈthat［A]Teamsｔersstｉllhaｖeaｌaｒgeboｄｙoｆｍembｅrs.[Ｂ］JimmyHｏｆfauseｄtoｗorkａsaciviｌｓｅrｖａｎｔ.［C]unioｎshaveenlargｅdtheirpubliｃ－seｃｔoｒｍembershｉｐ.[Ｄ］tｈｅgoｖernmeｎthａｓimpｒｏveditｓｒelationshiｐwiｔhuniｏnｉsts.3７.ＷhichoｆtheｆollowｉngｉstruｅofPａrａgrapｈ2?[A］Puｂlic-sectｏruｎｉonsａreｐｒｕdｅｎtinｔａkingactｉons．［B]Edｕｃaｔioｎisrequiｒｅｄｆoｒpublic-sectorunionmembership．［C]ＬaboｒＰarｔyｈasｌongｂeenfightingａgaｉｎsｔpublic-ｓectorunionｓ.［D]Ｐubliｃ-secｔorunｉｏnsｓｅldomgeｔintroubｌefｏrthｅirａctions.38．ItcaｎbeleａrnｅdｆromPａragraph４ｔhattｈeinｃoｍeinｔｈesｔatｅｓectｏris［Ａ]illeｇallysｅcurｅd.［B］indｉrectlyaugmeｎteｄ.[C］ｅｘcessiｖelyincreaｓed.[Ｄ］fairlyａdjuｓｔed．39.ThｅｅxaｍpleofthｅunioｎsinＷiscｏnsｉnshowsthａt(yī)unｉoｎs[A］oftenｒunagaｉnsｔｔhecｕrrentpoliｔiｃａlsystem．[B]caｎcｈangepｅｏple’ｓｐolｉticalattiｔuｄes.[C］maybeabarriｅｒtｏｐublic-sｅcｔｏrreforms.[D]aｒｅdｏmiｎａnｔiｎthegovernｍｅnt.４0．JoｈｎDon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察動詞，雖然選項中基本不存在干擾項，除了15題一道考察兩詞的辨析之外，其他的選項含義都差別甚遠，按理說值得快樂。但是這些考察動詞的題目中,許多都考核對于熟詞僻義的掌握情況,往年就是202３出現(xiàn)了3處，今年也出現(xiàn)3處。僅有２道題考察邏輯詞，并且這兩道題是送分題，不需要考慮太多。歷來是命題人偏愛的以“able”作后綴的形容詞仍然出現(xiàn)（19題）。下面就真題作一個具體解析。和以往同樣，第一句話不設空,幫助同學們理解全文探討的話題:美國高等法庭司法官的倫理道德問題。1.【答案】Ｂ【解析】從空后信息可以看出，這句表達的是“__法官表現(xiàn)得像政治家”的情況下，法庭就不能保持其作為法律法規(guī)的合法衛(wèi)士的形象,所以應當選C,mａintaｉｎ“維持,保持”，其他顯然語義不通。２．【答案】A【解析】從第三段可以看出，文章認為法院和政治之間應當是有界線的。所以這里應當是當法官像政治家同樣行事,模糊了兩者之間的區(qū)別時，就失去了其作為法律衛(wèi)士的合法性。只有Ｂ,wｈen表達這個意思?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】第二段給的具體事例說明,法官出現(xiàn)在政治活動中會使法官形象受損，影響他們獨立、公正的名聲。只有B，wｅaｋen能表達這個意思?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】空前信息顯示，法官出席政治活動會讓法院的審判收到影響，人們就會認為其審判不公正,所以選Ｄ,bｅaｃceｐteｄａs..．“被認為是”?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】空所在的語境為:產(chǎn)生這樣的問題，部分因素在于“法官沒有__道德規(guī)范”。后一句話說，至少法院應當遵守行為規(guī)范，這顯然是進一步說明上一句話。所以上一句是說法官沒有受到道德規(guī)范的約束,選C,bouｎd?！敬鸢浮浚隆窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)解析５可以看出,這里應當是說遵守行為規(guī)范,subjｅct與tｏ連用，表達“服從某物，受…支配”。故本題選B?！敬鸢浮浚摹窘馕觥糠治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由thaｔ引導的定語從句修飾說明前面的行為規(guī)范，是說法院也應當遵守合用于其他聯(lián)邦司法部的行為規(guī)范。aｐplytｏ“合用于”符合題意。resoｒttｏ“求助于”;ｓtickｔo“堅持(原則等)”語意不通?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】空所在的語境為，類似這樣的案例提出了這樣一個問題：法院和政治之間是否還存在著界線。提出問題,產(chǎn)生問題用只能選raiｓe?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】根據(jù)第8題可知，空內(nèi)應填ｌｉｎe，“界線”。barriｅr“障礙”，sｉｍｉlarity“相似性”,conflicｔ“沖突”都不合題意?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】根據(jù)句意,憲法的起草者們預想的是將司法從政治中分出來,讓其享有獨立的權力。ｅnvisｉｏｎas“將…想象成…”。所以選B?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】本題考察邏輯搭配。本選項答案的擬定需結(jié)合前句意思，制憲者旨在使法律不受政治的任何影響,這樣一來，法官就可以免受掌權者的影響了。此空就是考察由此所帶來的結(jié)果,故選[A］。【答案】C【解析】此題承接上題，可知法律不受政治的影響,從而法官也不用緊張掌權者（thoseiｎｐower)?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】此題承接上題,結(jié)合句意，可知該半句重要表達“法官也無需政治支持了?！边x項C最符題意?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。原句表達“我們的法律體系是法律完全不受政治的影響,是由于這兩者是緊密。。?！薄＝Y(jié)合句意思，[Ｄ]最合題意.【答案】A【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。文中說“憲法具有政治性,是因其的選擇都是植根于諸如自由，財產(chǎn)之類的基本社會。。。中?！弊杂?財產(chǎn)是西方社會的一些基本社會理念或概念，故選[A]?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。一方面分析該句,可知空白處添加上一動詞可構(gòu)成一定語從句,限定“tｈelaｗ”。另一方面,文中語境表達“當法律解決社會政策決策問題時，。。。的法律不可避免的具有政治性。四個選項中，[C］為最佳答案?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】此題考察詞意辨析?？捎晌闹姓Z境得知，該半句重要表達“這也就解釋了為什么背離思想路線的決策被看作是不公正的,從而被容易的….”。結(jié)合語境，以及四個選項的意思,可知［A]最佳。【答案】C【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。由文中語境可知該句重要表達“法官必須。。。有關法庭(裁決的）公正合理的質(zhì)疑?！彼膫€選項中,僅[C］符合題意?！敬鸢浮浚摹窘馕觥勘绢}考察短語搭配及相似短語辨析。四個選項均可與連用,其中accｅssｉblｅto易接近的；可歸屬的;可得到的可歸因的ａｍiableto可親,多指人和藹可親,易于接近agreｅabｌeto欣然批準的;適合的，適宜的aｃcoｕntaｂleto對…負責此題的理解需承接整個句，一方面此空所在后半句乃一方式狀語，承接前半句說明法官如何來解決有關法庭（裁決的)公正合理的質(zhì)疑。將此四個選項分別代入，可得出對的答案[D]，法官只有對對行為準則負責，也即是遵循一定的行為準則才可保證其裁決的公正與合理?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】此題考察邏輯搭配。此句承接上句，旨在說明由此帶來的結(jié)果，也即是文中所說的“。。。使得裁決看起來完全不受政治的影響，如法律一般令人信服。”結(jié)合四個選項意思,可知選[D］。SectiｏｎⅡReadingCoｍpreｈenｓｉonPaｒtAText１２1.Ａccorｄingｔoｔhefirｓtpａrａｇraph,peerpｒessureoftｅnｅmergesaｓ根據(jù)第一段,同齡人的壓力通常以什么樣的狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)：[A]aｓupｐlementｔｏthｅｓoｃｉaｌcure對于社會治療的補充[B]astimulｕstｏgrouｐdynａｍics對團隊活力的刺激［Ｃ]anobstａｃletosｃhooｌprｏｇｒess學校進步的阻礙[D］aｃauseoｆundｅsiｒａblebｅｈaｖioｒｓ一些不良行為的因素解析:答案為D。細節(jié)題:選項：aｃａｕseofｕｎd