2023年考研英語一真題答案詳解

2０23年考研英語一真題及答案詳解SｅctiｏｎI(lǐng)UseofEnglｉshＤｉｒｅctiｏns:Reaｄthｅｆollｏwiｎgtｅxｔ.Cｈooseｔhebestｗord(s)foreａchnumｂeredblankａndｍarｋＡ,Ｂ,CorDonANSWＥRSHEEＴ１.(１０pｏinｔs)TｈeｅthｉcａljuｄｇｍｅnｔsofthｅSuｐremeCourtjｕｓticeｓhavebecomeaｎiｍporｔａｎｔissｕｅrecｅｎtly.Tｈecourtcａnｎoｔ_1_iｔｓｌegitimaｃyaｓｇｕａrdianofｔheruleoflaw_2＿justiｃeｓbehａｖelikepoliｔicians.Yet，inseｖeralｉｎsｔａnces,jｕｓｔicesactedinｗａysｔhat_3_thecourt’srｅpｕtａt(yī)ioｎforbeingiｎdependenｔanｄimpartiaｌ.JustiｃeAｎtonｉnScａlｉａ,ｆorexaｍplｅ,aｐpeareｄaｔpoliticalevenｔｓ.Thaｔkiｎdoｆaｃtivitymakｅsitlｅsｓliｋeｌｙthaｔthｅcoｕｒt’ｓdｅｃｉｓｉonswｉｌlbe_4_aｓiｍpartialjｕdgments.Partｏftheproｂlｅmisthatｔｈejuｓticesarｅnoｔ＿5_byａｎeｔhｉｃscｏｄe．Aｔｔｈｅｖeｒｙleast，tｈｅcourtshouｌdmakｅitself_6_tothecodeofconduｃtthat_7＿tｏtheｒeｓtoｆｔhｅfederaｌjudiciａry．Tｈｉｓandothｅｒsiｍilarcaseｓ_8_tｈｅｑuestｉoｎｏfwｈethｅrtｈereiｓstｉlla＿９_betwｅe(cuò)nthｅｃourｔandpoｌitｉcs．ＴｈeframeｒsoｆtheConsｔｉtutioneｎｖiｓioｎedlaw_10_haｖingauthoritｙaｐaｒtfｒompolｉtics.Ｔheｙｇａvejｕstｉｃｅsperｍaｎeｎｔpｏsiｔiｏns_1１_ｔheywouldbefｒeeｔo_１2＿thoｓｅｉnｐowｅrandhavenoneedto_13＿ｐoliticaｌｓupport.Ｏuｒlegalsysｔemwａsｄesｉgnedtosetlawａpaｒｔfｒompoｌｉtｉｃspreciselybｅcausetheyarｅsocｌｏseｌy_1４_.Ｃonstituｔioｎalｌawispoliｔiｃａlbｅcaｕseiｔresulｔsfｒomchｏiceｓｒooteｄiｎfuｎdaｍentalsocial_15_likelibertyandpropｅrty.Whｅnｔｈecoｕrtｄealswｉtｈｓoｃiａlpolicｙdeｃisｉoｎs,theｌaｗiｔ_１6_isineｓcapａｂlypolitｉcal－ｗｈiｃhiswhyｄecｉsionsｓpｌｉtalongｉdeｏｌogｉcａllｉneｓarｅsoeａsily_17_aｓuｎｊｕst.Thejusticｅｓmｕst_18_doubtsaboutｔhｅｃourt’slegitimaｃybｙｍakingｔhemselves_１9_totｈecodeofconduct.Tｈatwouｌdmａkerulｉngsmoreｌikelytｏｂeseeｎaｓsepａratefｒｏmｐoliticsanｄ,_20_,coｎｖiｎｃiｎgaｓlaw.１.[Ａ］emphａsizｅ[Ｂ]mainｔain[C]mｏdify[D］recｏｇnize２.[Ａ］when[B]lest［C］bｅfore[Ｄ]unleｓs3．[Ａ]ｒestｏred[B]wｅaｋened[C]estａblｉｓhed[Ｄ]ｅliminatｅd4.[A]cｈallenged[B]compromｉsed[C]ｓuｓｐected[Ｄ]acｃepteｄ5．[Ａ]advanced[B]caugｈt[C]ｂouｎd［D]ｆounｄed6.［A]ｒesｉsｔaｎt［B]ｓuｂｊeｃt[C]immune［D]prone7.[A]rｅsoｒts[Ｂ］sticks[Ｃ］loadｓ［D］ａｐｐlies8.［A]evade[B]rａise[Ｃ]denｙ［D]settｌe9.[A]line［B］baｒrｉer[C］similarity［Ｄ]ｃonflict１0．[A]ｂｙ[B]aｓ［C]ｔhoｕgh[Ｄ]towards1１.[A]ｓo[B]siｎce[C]proviｄｅd[D]tｈough１2.［Ａ]ｓｅrve[B]sａt(yī)iｓfy［C]ｕpsｅt[Ｄ]replace1３.[A]cｏnfｉrm[B]ｅxpｒess[C]cultｉvａｔe[Ｄ]oｆfeｒ14.[Ａ］ｇuarded[B]followeｄ［C］ｓtuｄieｄ[D］tiｅｄ15.[Ａ]ｃonceｐｔｓ[B]theorｉｅs[C]ｄｉvisｉｏｎs［D]ｃonｃeptiｏnｓ１6.[A]excluｄes[Ｂ]qｕestionｓ[C]sｈapｅs[D]ｃｏｎｔrols１7.[A］dismissed[Ｂ]rｅleａsed[C]raｎked[D]disｔorｔｅｄ18.[A]ｓｕｐpｒeｓs[B］ｅxploit[C］address[D］iｇnore19.[A]ａcｃｅssiblｅ[B]aｍiablｅ［C]ａgreeaｂle［D]accｏuntａble2０.［A]byａllmesns[Ｂ]atallcosts[C］ｉnawｏrd[D]ａｓaｒesultSectionIIＲｅadｉngComprｅhensｉonParｔＡDirecｔionｓ:Ｒeａdthefｏllowｉｎgfourｔeｘts.AnｓｗeｒthｅquestｉoｎsbｅlｏwｅachtextbycｈoosiｎgA,B,CoｒD.MarkyouranｓwｅrsonＡNＳＷERSＨEET１．(40points）Tｅxt1Comeon–Ｅverybody’sｄoingit.Ｔｈaｔwhisｐeredmeｓｓage,halｆinｖｉtationａndhalfｆorcing，isｗhatmostofustｈinkoｆwhｅnweｈeartheｗoｒdspeerpressure.Itusualｌyleａdstonogoｏd－drｉnkiｎg，ｄｒugｓandcasualsｅｘ.ButｉnｈernewｂookＪoinｔｈeClｕｂ,TinａRosenbｅrｇcontｅｎｄsthatpeerpressurecａnalsoｂeaposｉtivefｏrcethｒoughｗhａt(yī)sｈeｃａllstｈesｏｃialcure,ｉnwhiｃhorgaｎizaｔionsandofｆiｃｉalｓusethepowｅrofgroupdynamicstoheｌｐiｎdiviｄｕalsｉｍproveｔheiｒlivesandpossｉｂlythewoｒｄ.Rosｅｎbeｒg，ｔheｒeｃipientofaPuｌitzｅrPｒｉzｅ,offersahｏｓtｏfexampleoｆｔhｅsｏcｉalｃureinacｔiｏn:InSｏｕtｈＣaｒoｌina,astａt(yī)e-ｓpｏnsoreｄaｎtismokｉngprograｍcaｌlｅｄRagｅAgainsｔtheHazesetsouttomakecigaｒettesuncool．InSouｔhAｆrｉｃa，anＨＩV-ｐreventionｉnｉtiativekｎownasLoveLiｆerecrｕitsyouｎgpeoｐｌｅｔoｐroｍoｔesａfｅsｅxamongtheirpeerｓ.Tｈeideａseemspｒomｉｓing,andRｏｓｅnｂergｉsaperceptiｖeｏｂserｖer．Heｒcrｉtiqｕeoｆtｈelameｎｅｓsｏfmanyｐubic－h(huán)ｅalthcａｍｐａiｇｎsｉsspot－on：tｈeyfａｉltomoｂiｌiｚepeｅrpreｓsｕrｅfｏrheａlｔhｙhabits，andtheydｅmonｓtratｅａｓeｒｉouslｙflａwedunｄerstａｎdｉngoｆｐsycｈology.”Ｄａreｔobedifferｅnt,plｅasｅdon’tｓmokｅ！”pｌeaｄsoｎｅbillbｏaｒdcamｐａignaiｍedatｒedｕcｉngsmｏkｉnｇamongtｅe(cuò)nagers－ｔeeｎaｇerｓ,ｗhodesireｎothｉngmoｒｅthａnfittingin．Ｒｏsenbeｒｇarｇuescｏnｖｉnciｎglythａt(yī)puｂｌic-healｔhadvocaｔesougｈttotａｋeapagefroｍadｖerｔiｓers,ｓosｋｉlｌedatapplyiｎｇpｅe(cuò)rpｒｅsｓurｅ．Butonthｅgeｎerａｌefｆectiveｎeｓｓｏｆｔhesｏciａlcure,Ｒｏｓenｂergisｌessperｓuasiｖe.JoｉnｔｈeClubisfiｌleｄwiｔhｔoｏｍuchirrelｅvantdｅtaｉlandnotenouｇｈexpｌoｒatiｏnｏfthesocialandｂｉoｌｏgicalfactorsthatmａkepｅｅrpressuresopoｗerｆｕｌ．Ｔｈeｍｏｓtglaringｆlawｏｆthesociａlｃｕreａsit’spｒesｅｎｔedhereｉsthaｔiｔｄoｅsn’ｔｗoｒkｖｅrywellfｏrｖeｒyloｎg.ＲageAgainｓttheHazeｆaiｌedoncｅstａt(yī)efundｉngwascut.EvｉdencｅthattheＬｏvｅLifeｐｒｏｇraｍproｄuceslasｔingｃhangｅｓislｉmｉtedaｎｄmｉxed.Therｅ’snｏdｏuｂtthatouｒｐｅｅrｇroｕpseｘertenormoｕsinｆluenｃeonouｒｂehａviｏr．Anemeｒginｇbodyofreseaｒchsｈｏwstｈatposｉtｉvehealｔhhabits－aswellasnｅgativeoneｓ-sｐrｅaｄtｈrouｇhｎeｔｗorksoffriendｓviａsocialcomｍuｎiｃaｔｉｏn.Tｈisisａｓubtleformｏfｐeerpreｓsuｒｅ:weuｎconscｉouｓlyimｉｔatｅtheｂehavｉorwｅseeeｖｅryｄay.Fａrｌesｓcerｔａin,howeｖer,ｉshowsｕccesｓｆulｌｙexpｅrｔsａｎdｂuｒeaｕｃrａt(yī)scanseｌectouｒpeerｇroupｓandsｔeｅrtheｉractivitiｅｓiｎvirtuousｄireｃtｉons.Ｉｔ’slikethetｅacherｗhｏｂrｅakｓuptheｔｒoubleｍakｅrsｉnｔｈebacｋrowbyｐａiｒinｇtheｍwithbettｅr－behavedｃｌassmates.Thetactiｃneverrｅａllyｗorks.Andthat’ｓtheｐrobｌemwｉthasocialcureengineerｅdfromtｈeoutsｉｄｅ：inｔheｒｅalwoｒlｄ,asiｎschool,wｅinsistｏncｈoosingourownfriｅndｓ.21.Acｃｏrdiｎgtｏthefirstpａｒａｇｒａpｈ,peerpressureoｆtenemergesas[A]asｕpplｅmenttotｈesocialcure[B]asｔimuｌuｓtogrｏupdｙnａmｉｃs[C]aｎobstaｃlｅtoscｈｏoｌpｒogｒｅｓs[D]acauseofuｎdesirabｌebｅhavｉorｓ2２.Rosenｂergholdsthatpｕbｌicａdｖocａt(yī)eｓshｏuｌd[A]recrｕitｐroｆesｓionalａｄvertisers[B］learnfroｍadveｒtiｓers’exｐerｉenｃe［C]ｓtａｙａwayfrｏｍｃommerｃiaｌadverｔiｓerｓ[Ｄ］ｒecｏgnｉzethｅliｍitａt(yī)iｏnsofadvertｉsｅmｅnts23．Iｎthｅａuthor’ｓview，Rosｅｎberg’sbｏokfａｉｌsto[A]adeｑuatｅlyｐrobｅsocｉａlaｎｄbiolｏgicalｆacｔors[Ｂ]efｆeｃtiｖelyｅvａdeｔheｆlａwsoｆtheｓocialcｕre[Ｃ］iｌlustratethefｕnctiｏnsofsｔatefｕnding［D］proｄucealｏng-ｌastingsoｃiaｌeｆｆect24.Parａgraph５shoｗsｔhatourimiｔationoｆbehaviｏrs[Ａ]ｉｓharmfultoｏurｎｅｔwｏrkｓoｆｆrienｄs[B]ｗｉllｍｉｓleaｄｂｅhavｉoralstudies[Ｃ]ｏｃcｕrswithｏｕtourｒealizｉngit[D]canprｏducenｅgativeｈealtｈhaｂitｓ25.Theauｔhorsugｇesｔsｉntｈelastｐaragrａpｈthaｔｔhｅe(cuò)ffｅcｔｏfｐｅe(cuò)rpreｓsｕreis[A]ｈaｒmful[B]deｓirabｌe［C]profound[D］ｑuｅstｉonａble

Texｔ2Ａｄealｉsａdｅａl-excｅpｔ,apparenｔｌy,ｗｈｅｎＥnｔerｇyｉｓinｖoｌveｄ．Ｔhecomｐaｎy,amaｊoｒenergｙsｕｐplｉｅｒinNewＥngｌanｄ,provokedjustifiedｏutｒageinＶeｒmontlasｔweｅkｗheｎitannｏｕｎcediｔｗaｓrenｅgingｏｎalongstandingｃomｍiｔmenｔtｏaｂideｂyｔhesｔricｔnuｃleａrreｇｕｌａt(yī)ions.Instead,tｈeｃompａnyhasdoneprｅcｉselywｈatiｔhadlｏnｇprｏmiｓedｉtwｏｕldnotchallengetheconstiｔuｔｉonaｌityofVeｒｍｏnｔ’srulesinthｅfederａｌｃourｔ,aspａrtoｆadespｅraｔeeffｏｒttｏkeｅpitｓＶerｍｏｎtYankeｅｎuclearｐoｗｅrpｌanｔrunnｉnｇ.It’saｓtｕｎnｉngｍovｅ.Theconｆlicｔhaｓbｅｅｎsurfaciｎｇsince2０23,whenthecoｒporatｉｏnboｕghｔＶermonｔ’sonlｙnuclearpowerｐlaｎt,anagingreaｃtoｒinＶｅｒnｏn.Asacoｎｄｉtionofreceiviｎgｓtａt(yī)eａppｒoｖaｌforthesale,ｔhecompanyagreedtoｓｅe(cuò)kpermissionfrｏmstatｅｒeｇｕlａt(yī)oｒstoｏpｅratepast202３.In202３,thestatewentａｓteｐfurtｈer,ｒeｑｕiringtｈａt(yī)anｙeｘtensionoftheｐｌａｎｔ’sliｃeｎｓｅbｅsｕbjeｃttoＶermontlegｉslaturｅ’sapprｏvａｌ.Ｔhｅn,too,tｈeｃompaｎyweｎtalｏnｇ.EｉｔheｒEntergynｅverrealｌyｉnｔendedｔolivｅbytｈoｓｅcommitmentｓ,orｉｔsiｍplydidn’tforeｓｅe(cuò)wｈａｔwouｌdｈapｐenｎext.Astringoｆacｃidｅnts,ｉｎcｌudinｇtｈeparｔｉａlcoｌlａpｓeofａｃoolingtｏwｅｒiｎ207andtｈeｄiｓcoｖeryofaｎundeｒgroundｐipesｙstemlｅａkａge,raｉｓedsｅriousquestionsａbouｔbｏthＶeｒmontYａnkｅe(cuò)’sｓａfeｔyanｄEｎtergy’ｓmanagemｅnt–eｓpeciａllyafｔerｔｈecｏmpanymａdemisｌeadｉnｇstateｍentsａｂouttheｐipｅ.EnｒageｄｂyＥｎtergｙ’sbehａｖiｏr,ｔｈeVermonｔSenaｔｅvoｔeｄ2６to４ｌastyearａgainstaｌｌｏwiｎganextensｉｏn.Nowｔhecompanｙisｓｕddenlｙclａｉmingthattｈe202３agreeｍｅｎｔisinvａlｉdｂecauｓeofthe202３legiｓlation,anｄｔｈatonlythｅfedeｒａｌgoveｒnmenthasregｕlａt(yī)orypoweroveｒnｕcｌｅａrisｓues.Thelegalｉssuesintheｃａｓeａｒeobscｕre:wｈereaｓtｈeSｕpremeＣouｒｔhaｓruｌedthatsｔaｔeｓｄohavｅｓoｍerｅgulatoryauthｏrityoｖeｒnuclearｐoｗｅr,legａｌsｃholarｓsayｔhaｔＶｅrmoｎtcasewillofferaprｅcｅdent-settingｔeｓtofｈowｆaｒthｏsepowｅｒseｘｔend．Cerｔａiｎｌｙ，ｔhereaｒｅvａliｄcｏncｅrnsaboutthｅpａｔchｗｏrkregulatiｏnsthatcouｌｄｒesuｌtifeverystatesetｓiｔsoｗnｒules．BｕthadEntergykeptｉｔｓｗorｄ,thatｄebａt(yī)ewouｌdbeｂｅsiｄeｔhepoｉnｔ.TheｃoｍpaｎyseｅmｓｔｏｈavecｏncluｄedthatitsreputaｔioninVeｒmoｎtｉsaｌreaｄysodamagedtｈatitｈaｓnoｔinglｅftｔolｏｓebygoingtｏwａrwitｈtｈeｓtaｔe.Buttｈｅrｅshoｕlｄbｅconseｑuｅnces.Permｉｓｓiｏnｔoruｎanuclｅarplantisapobｌｉctrusｔ.Entｅrgyｒuns１１ｏthｅrreacｔｏrsinｔheUnitｅdStaｔｅs,ｉｎclｕdingＰilgｒｉmNｕcｌearstａt(yī)ionｉnPlyｍoutｈ.PlｅdgｉnｇtoｒunPilｇrimsａfelｙ,tｈｅcomｐａnyｈaｓａppliedforｆederalpermissiontｏkeepiｔoｐｅnｆoｒaｎother20ｙears.ＢutastheNucleａｒRegulａt(yī)oryCommｉssｉoｎ(NＲC)revieｗｓthecompanｙ’sappliｃaｔｉｏn,itshouldkeepitmｉndwhatｐrｏmisesｆromＥntｅｒgyａｒewｏrtｈ.26.Ｔｈeｐhrase“renegｉｎgon”(Line３．pａra.１)isclosestinmeaｎingto［A]condｅmniｎg.［B]reaｆfirｍinｇ.[C]dishonoriｎg.[D]sｅcuriｎg.27.Byenteriｎgintｏthe2０２3aｇreement，Ｅｎtergyiｎtenｄedｔo［A］obｔａiｎｐroteｃtｉonfromVermｏntregulａt(yī)ors.[B］ｓｅe(cuò)ｋfavorｆroｍtｈｅfedeｒａｌlegislａt(yī)ure.［C］ａｃｑuirｅanextenｓioｎofｉｔｓbuｓｉｎesｓlｉｃｅnse.[D］gｅｔpｅｒmissionｔｏpｕrchaseapoｗerplant．2８.AcｃoｒdiｎgtoPaｒagrａph4，Enｔｅrｇyｓｅe(cuò)msｔｏｈaveprobleｍswiｔｈits[A]maｎaｇerialpracｔicｅs．[B]ｔecｈnicalinnｏvａt(yī)iveness.[Ｃ]finanｃiaｌgoａls．[D]businessvisiｏn２9.Intheａuthｏｒ’sview，theＶermｏｎｔcaｓｅｗilｌtest［A]Eｎtergｙ’scapaｃitytofuｌｆｉｌｌallitspromｉsｅs．［B]ｔｈemａｔuｒｅofsｔatｅs’patchｗorkregulａｔｉｏnｓ．[C]thｅfederalautｈorityoverｎｕｃｌｅａrissueｓ.[D]theｌiｍitsｏfsｔａt(yī)ｅｓ’pｏwerｏvernｕｃleａｒissuｅs.30.Ｉtcanｂeiｎｆerreｄfromｔｈeｌastｐａｒagrａphtｈaｔ［A]Enteｒｇy’ｓbusinｅｓsｅlｓewherｅmightbｅａffected．［B]thｅauthoｒiｔyoftheNRＣwilｌbeｄeｆied.［Ｃ]EｎtergyｗｉｌlwｉthdrawitsＰl(wèi)yｍoutｈaｐplｉｃaｔｉｏn.[D］Verｍoｎt’sreｐutatｉｏnｍightbｅdamａｇｅd.Texｔ３Intｈeｉdealizeｄversiｏnｏfhoｗscienceiｓdone，faｃtsabouttｈewoｒldarewaｉtiｎgtｏbeｏbserｖedaｎｄcollectedbｙoｂjeｃtivereseaｒcherswhousetｈesｃiｅntiｆicmeｔhodｔoｃarryouttｈeirｗork.Buｔinｔheeverｙｄaypracticeofｓcience,ｄisｃoｖeｒyfrequenｔlyfollowsａnａmbigｕouｓandcｏmｐｌicａt(yī)eｄrｏutｅ.Weaiｍｔobeobjectiｖe,butwecannotｅscａpetheconｔextｏfourunｉquｅlifeexpeｒiencｅ.Pｒｉoｒknowledgｅanｄiｎterestｉnｆluenｃewhatweexperｉeｎｃe，whaｔwethｉｎｋouｒexpeｒieｎcesｍean,ａnｄｔhｅｓubsｅｑｕentactiｏnswetaｋe.Oｐportunitiesfｏｒｍｉsinteｒpretation,errｏr，andｓeｌf－ｄｅcepｔioｎabｏuｎd.Conｓeｑｕentｌy，discoｖeｒｙclaimsshoulｄbethoｕｇｈｔoｆａｓpｒｏｔｏsciencｅ.Sｉmilartｏnewlyｓtakedmｉningclaiｍｓ,theyareｆｕｌｌofpoteｎtｉaｌ.Butittakesｃoｌｌectivesｃｒｕtinyanｄacceptaｎcｅtｏtｒansformaｄiｓcoveryclaimintoamatuｒeｄiscoverｙ.Ｔhiｓiｓtheｃrediｂｉlityprocｅｓs,ｔhrouｇhｗhiｃhｔheindｉvidｕalreｓearcher’ｓｍｅ,here,ｎoｗbｅｃomeｓthｅcomｍuｎiｔｙ’sanｙone,anywhere，anyｔｉme.Objeｃｔiveknowleｄgｅisthｅgoaｌ,notthｅｓtａrtinｇpｏint.Onｃeadisｃｏverｙｃlaimｂecomespublic,ｔｈediｓcｏｖｅrerｒｅｃeivｅsintellｅｃtｕalcrｅｄｉｔ.Ｂut,unlikewiｔｈｍｉningclａimｓ,ｔhecoｍｍunitytakesｃontｒolofｗhatｈapｐeｎsnext.Wiｔｈiｎtheｃomplｅxsociａlsｔrｕｃtureｏｆtheｓcientifiｃcｏmmuｎｉtｙ,researcｈｅrsmakeｄiscoveries；editorsａnｄrｅviewersacｔasgateｋeeｐeｒsbycｏnｔrollingthepｕｂlｉｃatioｎproｃesｓ;ｏｔｈｅｒscientiｓtsｕsethｅｎewfｉnｄｉnｇｔosuｉttheirownpｕrposeｓ;andfｉnａllｙ,ｔｈepuｂlic(ｉncｌuｄiｎgotｈｅrscientists)reｃｅiｖeｓthｅｎewｄｉｓcｏveryaｎdｐoｓsiｂlｙaccomｐanｙingteｃｈnology．Asadiscｏverｙcｌａｉmworksitthroughｔhecｏmmuｎity,ｔheintｅｒactｉｏｎandconfｒonｔａt(yī)ionｂetwｅe(cuò)nsｈareｄaｎdcompｅtiｎgbeliefsaboｕtｔｈｅｓcieｎcｅandthetecｈnoｌoｇｙinvｏlｖedｔransｆormsaninｄividuａl’sｄiscoｖeryclａimiｎtotheｃommuniｔy’sｃｒedｉbleｄiｓｃovｅry.Twoparadoxｅsexisｔthroｕghｏuｔthｉscrediｂilｉｔypｒocｅsｓ．Ｆirst,sｃientifｉｃｗorkｔｅnｄstofocｕsｏnsoｍeaｓpｅctofpreｖaiｌinｇＫnowlｅdｇethａt(yī)isｖｉｅwｅdasｉncomｐleｔｅorｉｎcorrecｔ.Ｌitｔlｅｒｅｗaｒdacｃompaｎｉesduｐlｉcａt(yī)ｉonａndcoｎfiｒmatioｎofｗhaｔｉsalreadykｎownａndbeliｅved．Thｅgoaliｓｎew-search，notre-ｓearch．Noｔsurpｒｉsｉngly，nｅwlｙpubｌishｅdｄiｓcｏｖeｒyclaimｓaｎdcｒediblｅｄiｓcovｅriesthatａpｐｅartobeｉmｐortantａndconvｉncinｇwｉllａｌwaｙsbeｏpentocｈalｌengeandpoｔentｉaｌmodificatioｎｏrｒｅfｕtaｔionbyfuｔurereｓeaｒcheｒs.Ｓecond,noveltｙitseｌffrｅquentlyprovoｋesｄiｓbelief．NobｅlLaｕreaｔeanｄpｈｙsiologistＡlbertAzent－Gyｏrｇyｉoncｅdescrｉbｅddiｓcoveryas“sｅe(cuò)ｉnｇｗhateverybｏｄyhasｓｅe(cuò)ｎandthinkingｗhａt(yī)ｎｏbodyｈasthought.”Buｔｔｈinｋingwhatnobodｙelｓehaｓthｏｕghtandtｅlｌingoｔheｒsｗhatthｅyhａｖemissedmayｎotｃhanｇethｅirviews．Soｍｅｔiｍeｓｙeaｒsarerequiredｆｏrtrulｙnoｖelｄiscoveｒyclaｉmstobeacｃｅpteｄａndapｐrｅcｉaｔed.Inｔｈｅe(cuò)nｄ，credibiｌｉty“ｈａｐpenｓ”ｔoａdｉｓcｏverｙclａiｍ–aｐrｏcesstｈatcorreｓpondstowhａt(yī)ｐhilosoｐｈｅｒAnneｔｔeBaierhasdesｃrｉbedasthecｏｍmoｎsofthｅｍind.“Wereａsoｎtoｇｅther,ｃｈaｌlenge,reviｓe，ａnｄcompleteeachｏther’sｒeasoningandeacｈother’scｏｎceｐtionｓｏfreason.”3１.Acｃordｉngtoｔｈefirｓtpａraｇraph,thepｒocｅssoｆｄisｃovｅryisｃhａｒacterizedbyｉts［A]uncertaiｎtyandcｏｍｐlｅxity.[B]ｍiscｏnｃeｐtioｎanｄdｅceｐtｉｖｅnｅss.[C]loｇicａlityａndobjectivｉty．［D］systemaｔicnessaｎｄreｇuｌarity．３２.IｔcanｂeinfｅrreｄfromPaｒagrａph2tｈaｔｃｒｅdibｉlityprocｅssreqｕiｒes[A]strｉctinｓpectｉoｎ.[B]ｓharedefｆｏrts．[C]inｄividualwisdom.[D］persistentinnovation.33．Paragraph３sｈowsthａt(yī)ａdｉscoveｒycｌaiｍbecomescredｉｂleaｆｔｅrit[Ａ]ｈasattｒacｔｅdtheaｔｔentiｏnofthegenｅrａlpubｌic.[B]haｓｂeenｅｘａmiｎedbythｅscientifiｃｃommunｉtｙ.[C]ｈasrｅceｉvｅdrｅcogｎiｔiｏｎfrｏmｅditｏrsaｎdrevｉewｅｒｓ.[D］hasｂｅe(cuò)nfｒequenｔlｙquotedbyｐｅｅrscｉenｔists．34.AlbertSｚeｎt-Gy?rｇｙｉwouldｍｏsｔｌiｋｅlyaｇrｅｅtｈａt(yī)［A］scieｎｔiｆiccｌaimsｗilｌsurｖiｖｅchaｌlenges．[Ｂ]disｃoveriestoｄayinspiｒeｆuｔｕｒｅresｅａrch.[C]effoｒtstｏｍａkedｉscoｖeriesarejustified.[D]scｉenｔiｆicｗoｒkcallsfｏrａｃriticalmｉnd.３５.Wｈｉchofthefollowiｎgｗｏｕldｂethebesｔtiｔleofｔhetest?[A]NoｖｅltｙasａnEnｇineofＳcientifiｃDｅｖｅlopment.[B]ＣoｌlecｔiveScrutinｙinScｉentificDiｓcoｖｅrｙ.[Ｃ]EvolｕtｉonofＣredｉｂilityinDｏingＳcience.[D]ChallenｇｅtoCrｅdibｉlityaｔthｅGaｔetｏScieｎｃｅ.Teｘt4IfthetraｄeｕnｉonistJimｍｙHoffaｗeｒealivｅtoday，hｅwouldproｂablyｒepreｓeｎtcivｉlｓervaｎt.WhenＨoffａ’sTｅａｍsｔeｒsｗｅｒｅiｎtｈeirprimｅin1960,oｎlyonｅinｔｅｎA(yù)mericangovernmｅｎtwoｒkｅｒsbelongeｄtｏaｕｎｉon；nｏｗ36%ｄo．Ｉn202３thenｕmbeｒoｆunionistsｉnAｍerｉca’spublicsectorｐasseｄthａt(yī)ofthｅirfelｌowｍemｂｅｒsｉｎthepｒivａt(yī)eｓector.InＢritaiｎ,moｒｅthanｈaｌｆｏfpｕblic-ｓeｃtorｗoｒkｅrsｂutｏｎlｙaｂout１５%oｆprivatｅ-ｓectorｏｎesａｒｅuｎionized.Thｅrearｅthｒeerｅasｏnｓfoｒtｈepｕblic-secｔoｒｕnioｎs’thrivｉnｇ．First,theycanｓhｕtthingsdownwitｈoｕtsuｆferingmｕcｈintｈewａyofconseｑuences.Second,theyａremosｔlybｒｉghtaｎdｗeｌl-eｄucａt(yī)ed.AｑuaｒteｒoｆAmeriｃa’ｓpuｂｌｉc-sectoｒｗoｒkershａveauniversiｔydegrｅe(cuò)．Thｉrd,theynoｗdoｍinateleft-of-ｃenｔrepolitiｃs.Someoftheｉrtｉesgoｂackalongwaｙ.Brｉtain’sLabｏrPaｒty,aｓiｔsnamｅｉmpｌiｅs,hasloｎgbeenaｓsociateｄwｉtｈtradeuｎｉonisｍ.Ｉtscｕｒｒentlｅaｄｅr，EｄMiliband,oweshisｐosｉtｉontｏvotesfｒoｍｐublｉc-sｅctｏｒｕｎionｓ．Attheｓｔatｅlｅveｌthｅirｉｎfｌuenｃeｃａnbeevenmoｒefearsｏme.ＭarkＢaldassareoｆthｅPublicPoｌｉcyIｎｓtiｔuteofCalifｏｒniａpoｉｎtsoutthatmuchｏfthｅstａt(yī)ｅ’sbuｄgｅtispａt(yī)roｌledbyunｉｏnｓ．Theｔeａchers’unionsｋeepaneyeoｎschools,tｈｅCCPＯAoｎpriｓonsａndavaｒieｔｙoflａborgrｏuｐsonｈealthcaｒe.Iｎmanyriｃhcｏｕntｒiｅｓavｅragewagｅsintｈｅｓtａt(yī)ｅseｃtorａrehigherｔｈanintheｐｒivateoｎe．Ｂuttｈeｒeａlｇainscomeｉnｂeｎefitsａndwｏrkpｒactiｃes.Poｌiｔｉｃｉａnshａvereｐeatedly“bａｃkｌoaded”ｐｕbｌic-ｓｅctｏrpaｙｄｅals,kｅe(cuò)ｐｉnｇthepａyincｒｅaｓesmoｄｅsｔｂutａｄdinｇtoholidａｙsandespｅｃiaｌlypensionsthataｒealreａdygenerous．Ｒefｏrmｈasbeeｎvigｏrousｌｙｏｐpｏｓｅd,perhapｓmosｔeｇｒｅｇiouslｙiｎeduｃａt(yī)ｉｏn,ｗherecharterｓｃhｏolｓ,ａcaｄemiesandmｅｒitpａｙallfａceｄdｒaｗn-outｂａt(yī)tｌes．Evｅｎthougｈthｅrｅiｓplｅntyofevidｅnｃethatｔheqｕalｉｔyofthｅtｅacheｒsisｔhemosｔimportantvariable,teacherｓ’unionsｈaｖefoｕghtagａiｎstgettinｇriｄoｆｂａdｏnｅsａｎdpromoｔinｇgoodonｅｓ．Astｈecosｔｔoeveｒｙｏneeｌsehasbｅｃomｅclｅarｅｒ,poｌitｉｃiaｎsｈａvｅｂeguntｏclａｍpｄoｗn.InWｉｓcｏｎｓintheunｉｏnshaｖeraｌlｉeｄthousａｎdｓｏfsuppｏrteｒsagainｓtScotｔＷaｌkｅｒ，thｅhardlineReｐuｂlｉcａngovernor.Butｍaｎyｗｉthiｎthepubliｃsecｔｏｒsufferｕnｄertｈeｃｕｒｒentsystｅm，too.JoｈnDonahｕeatHarvａrd’sKｅｎnedyＳchoｏｌpoｉntsｏutｔｈatthｅnorｍsｏfcｕltｕreｉnＷｅsterncivｉlseｒviceｓsｕiｔtｈosewｈｏwａnttostaｙputbutisbadforhiｇhachievers.TheonlｙAmericanpｕblic-ｓectoｒwoｒｋerswhoearnwｅｌｌａbｏve$25０,0０0ayeaｒareuniversityspｏrtｓcoａchｅsａndtheｐｒｅsｉdentoftheＵnｉtｅdStatｅs．Bankers’fａt(yī)ｐaｙpａcｋｅtｓhaｖｅatｔractｅdｍｕcｈcriｔicｉsm,ｂutａpublic－sectorsyｓｔemthatdoｅsnｏtreｗaｒｄhighacｈieｖeｒsｍaybｅamucｈbiｇｇerprｏblemforAmerｉca.36.Itcanbeleａrnedfromtｈefirstpaｒagrapｈthat［A]Teamsｔersstｉllhaｖeaｌaｒgeboｄｙoｆｍembｅrs.[Ｂ］JimmyHｏｆfauseｄtoｗorkａsaciviｌｓｅrｖａｎｔ.［C]unioｎshaveenlargｅdtheirpubliｃ－seｃｔoｒｍembershｉｐ.[Ｄ］tｈｅgoｖernmeｎthａｓimpｒｏveditｓｒelationshiｐwiｔhuniｏnｉsts.3７.ＷhichoｆtheｆollowｉngｉstruｅofPａrａgrapｈ2?[A］Puｂlic-sectｏruｎｉonsａreｐｒｕdｅｎtinｔａkingactｉons．［B]Edｕｃaｔioｎisrequiｒｅｄｆoｒpublic-sectorunionmembership．［C]ＬaboｒＰarｔyｈasｌongｂeenfightingａgaｉｎsｔpublic-ｓectorunionｓ.［D]Ｐubliｃ-secｔorunｉｏnsｓｅldomgeｔintroubｌefｏrthｅirａctions.38．ItcaｎbeleａrnｅdｆromPａragraph４ｔhattｈeinｃoｍeinｔｈesｔatｅｓectｏris［Ａ]illeｇallysｅcurｅd.［B］indｉrectlyaugmeｎteｄ.[C］ｅｘcessiｖelyincreaｓed.[Ｄ］fairlyａdjuｓｔed．39.ThｅｅxaｍpleofthｅunioｎsinＷiscｏnsｉnshowsthａt(yī)unｉoｎs[A］oftenｒunagaｉnsｔｔhecｕrrentpoliｔiｃａlsystem．[B]caｎcｈangepｅｏple’ｓｐolｉticalattiｔuｄes.[C］maybeabarriｅｒtｏｐublic-sｅcｔｏrreforms.[D]aｒｅdｏmiｎａnｔiｎthegovernｍｅnt.４0．JoｈｎDonahue’saｔｔｉｔudetowardsｔｈepublic-sectorsyｓteｍisonｅoｆ［A]diｓappｒovａl.[B]ａpｐreciaｔioｎ.[C]tolｅｒａnce.[D]indiffeｒｅnce.PaｒtBDｉrecｔionｓ：Intｈｅｆollｏwingtext,somesentｅｎcesｈavｅbeenreｍｏved.ＦorＱuesｔionｓ41-45,cｈooｓetｈemosｔsuitabｌｅonｅｆromthｅliｓｔＡ－Gtoｆitintｏeachｏｆｔｈenｕmｂeｒeｄblanks.Thｅrearetwoexｔrａchｏiｃｅs,whiｃｈｄｏnotｆｉtinanyofthｅｂlａnｋs.ＭarkyoｕranｓwｅrsoｎＡNSＷEＲSＨEET1.(１0pｏiｎts)Thinｋoftｈｏｓefｌｅe(cuò)ｔingmｏmｅｎtswhenｙoｕｌooｋｏｕtofaｎaerｏplａnewindowandrealisｅthatyｏuａrｅflying,higherthaｎａｂird.Nowtｈinｋofyouｒlaｐtｏp,ｔhinnｅｒtｈａnabrowｎ－paｐｅｒeｎvｅlope,oryoｕｒceｌｌphoneｉnthｅpａlmofyｏurhand.Takeamomｅntｏｒtwotowonderatｔｈoｓemarveｌs.Ｙouａｒethelucｋｙinhｅriｔorofadｒeaｍcoｍｅtruｅ.Ｔheseｃｏndhａlｆofthe20tｈｃenｔurysawacoｌlecｔioｎｏｆgeniuｓes,wａｒrｉｏrs，entreprenｅursaｎdvｉsｉｏnａrieslabourtocreaｔeafａｂｕlousｍachineｔhaｔcoulｄfuｎｃtioｎasatypewriterａndpｒintiｎgpress，ｓtudｉｏaｎdｔheaｔre，pａintbruｓhaｎｄgalleｒy,pｉanoａndradio，themaiｌaswellastheｍａiｌcarriｅr.(４1)Ｔhenetworkｅｄcomputerisanamａzｉngdevicｅ,thefiｒstmedｉａｍaｃｈinethａｔservesasthemｏｄeofproducｔion，meａnｓofdiｓtrｉbｕtiｏn,sｉteofreceptioｎ，andｐlａceｏfpraiseandcｒｉtｉquｅ.Ｔhｅｃｏmpuｔerisｔhe２1stｃeｎtury＇sculturemachｉne．Ｂutｆorallthereａsｏnｓtheｒearetｏcelebrateｔhecoｍputer,weｍuｓtalsｏtｒeaｄwitｈcaｕｔion.(42)Iｃａｌlitａsecretwarｆorｔwｏｒeasｏns.Fｉrst，mｏsｔpeｏｐledonotｒealｉseｔhaｔｔhｅreaｒｅstrongcomｍercialａｇendａｓatwoｒktoｋeｅptｈeminpassｉvｅｃoｎsumptiｏｎmｏde.Sｅcond,thｅmaｊoｒｉtyofpeｏplewhｏuｓenｅtworkｅｄｃompｕteｒstｏuｐloadarenｏtevｅnａwareoftｈesignificaｎｃeｏfwhattheyａredoinｇ.Allaｎimａlｓｄownloａd,butoｎｌyaｆewｕｐｌｏad.Beavｅrsｂuiｌddamsanｄbiｒdsmakenｅsｔs.Yeｔfoｒthｅmostｐaｒt，thｅanimalｋｉngｄoｍmovｅｓｔhrougｈｔhｅwoｒlddowｎｌoading.Humansarｅuniqueintheirｃａpaciｔyｔonotｏｎｌymaketooｌsbｕｔｔheｎtｕrnarouｎdanｄuｓetheｍｔocｒeａt(yī)esｕperflｕouｓmaｔerialgoods-pａintｉｎgｓ,sculptuｒeａnｄａrchｉtecｔure-anｄｓｕpeｒfｌuoｕseｘperiｅnｃes-ｍusic,literatｕｒe,ｒeligｉｏnandphｉlosｏpｈｙ.(４3）Forallｔheｐｏssibｉlｉｔiesoｆoｕrnewｃuｌturemａcｈines,mｏstｐeopleａrestillsｔuｃkindownloａｄmodｅ.Evｅｎafｔｅrtｈｅadveｎtofwidesｐreadsocｉalmｅdia，aｐyrａmidｏfｐroｄｕcｔionremainｓ,ｗithasmalｌnumberofpeopｌeupｌoａdｉｎｇmaterial，aslightlylaｒgergｒouｐcｏｍmeｎtｉｎgｏｎormodifyingｔhatcｏnｔent,ａnｄahugｅperｃenｔageｒemaiｎｉｎgcoｎｔenttojustｃｏnsume.(４4)Ｔelevｉsiｏｎｉsaone-wayｔapｆloｗinｇiｎtｏourhｏmes.Tｈｅharｄestｔaskthａt(yī)telｅｖiｓioｎaｓｋsofanyoｎeｉstoturnｔｈepoweroｆｆafteｒhehastｕｒｎｅditoｎ.(45）Whaｔcounｔｓasｍeanｉngfuluploading?Myｄｅfinｉtiｏnrevｏlvｅsaｒｏｕnｄtheconcepｔｏf"sticｋinｅss＂-creatｉoｎsａｎdexperiｅｎcestｏwｈicｈothｅrｓadheｒｅ.［A]Oｆcourｓe,itispｒecｉselytheｓｅsuperfｌuｏusｔhｉngstｈatdefｉｎehuｍaｎcｕlｔurｅaｎｄuｌｔiｍatelywhaｔｉｔｉｓtobehuman.Dｏwnloaｄiｎgaｎdｃonsｕmingculturerequiｒeｓgreａt(yī)skiｌｌs,bｕtfaｉliｎｇtｏｍovebeyonddoｗnloａｄingiｓtoｓtriponeselfofadefiningｃonｓtitｕeｎtofhumaｎｉtｙ.［B]Ａppｌiｃaｔionslikeｔumblr.ｃｏm,ｗhｉchalｌowｕserstoｃｏmbinｅpictｕres,woｒdｓandotｈermｅdiaincｒeaｔｉveｗayｓandｔhenshａrethｅm,ｈavethepｏtentialtｏａddsticｋineｓsbyａmusiｎｇ,ｅntertａｉniｎgandenligｈteningothｅrs.[C]Notonlydidtheｙdｅvｅlopsucｈａdeｖｉｃebｕtbytｈeｔurnoｆｔhemilｌenniumtheyhadalsomａnagedtoeｍbeｄitiｎａworｌdwiｄesｙsteｍaccessedbybillioｎsofpｅoｐleｅveｒydａy.[D]Ｔhisisbecauｓetheｎeｔｗorkedcomputerhassｐａｒkedａsｅcrｅｔwarbetweendownｌoaｄinｇanduploadｉng-bｅtｗeenpasｓｉveconsumptionandacｔｉvｅcreatｉon-ｗhｏsｅｏutcｏmewilｌshａｐeourcｏllｅctｉｖefutuｒeiｎwayswecanonlｙbeｇiｎtoimagｉｎe.[E]ＴｈeｃhallｅngethecomputermoｕnｔstoｔelevisｉｏｎtｈusbｅarsｌiｔtｌesimilarityｔooneformatbｅinｇrｅpｌａcedｂyanothｅrintheｍannerofrecorｄpｌayｅrｓbeingreplaｃeｄbyCDｐlａyｅrs.[F］Oｎereaｓｏnforthｅpｅrsistencｅofthｉｓpyramidｏfprｏdｕｃtioｎistｈatforthepａstｈalf-cenｔury,mｕchoftheｗoｒld＇ｓmeｄiacuｌtｕrehasｂeｅnｄefinedbyasiｎglｅmediuｍ－telｅviｓion-aｎｄｔelｅｖisioｎｉｓdefｉnedbyｄｏwnloadinｇ.［Ｇ]Tｈenetworkedcoｍputeｒofferstheｆirstchanｃeｉn５0ｙearstorｅｖerｓeｔhｅｆlow,toｅncouｒagｅthｏuｇｈｔfuldownloadingａｎd,eveｎmoreｉmportantｌy,meaniｎgfuｌｕploａdinｇ.PartＣDｉｒｅcｔｉons:［NxtPaｇe］SeｃtｉonIＩＩWｒiｔingParｔA５1.Directiｏns:Ｓomeinterｎａt(yī)iｏnalsstｕdenｔsarecomingｔｏyouｒuniversity.WｒｉtｅthemanemailintｈenａmeoftheStuｄｅnｔs’Unｉｏｎtｏ１）extendｙourｗｅlcomeand2)ｐrovidｅｓomesuｇgestｉoｎsｆortｈeiｒcampuｓｌifehere.Ｙoushｏuldwrｉteabｏut10０woｒdsonAＮＳWEＲSHEEＴ2.Donotsｉgnyｏurnamｅａt(yī)theendｏfｔｈeletter．Usｅ“LｉMｉng”ｉnstead．Ｄonotwriteｔheaddｒｅss(10pｏiｎtｓ)PartB52.Direｃｔｉoｎs：ｗｒiteaｎeｓｓaｙof１６0-200wordsbasedonthefoｌlowingdrawing．Inyouressａyyoushｏuｌｄ１)desｃribｅｔhedrａｗingbｒieｆly2)ｅｘplａｉniｔsiｎtendeｄmeａniｎg,ａｎd3）giveyｏurcommｅnｔｓYoｕshoulｄwｒitｅｎeaｔlyｏnＡNＳWERSHEＥT2.（20ｐointｓ)SｅctiｏnIUsｅoｆＥｎglish１．B2.A3.B4.Ｄ5.C6.B７．D8.B9.A1０.B1１.A1２.C13.C１4.D15.A16.C17．A18.C1９.Ｄ20.ＤSectioｎI(lǐng)IRｅadinｇＣomprehensiｏnPａrtA21．D２２.B23.A24.C２5.D26．C27.D2８.A29.D30.Ａ31.Ａ32．B3３.B３4.Ｄ３5.C36.Ｃ37．D38．Ｂ3９.C40．AParｔB41．C４２.D４3．A４4.F4５．GPａｒｔＣ在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，有一種研究方法將這種尋找普遍原則的沖動(dòng)發(fā)揮到極致，它尋求一種萬物理論,即用一個(gè)生成公式解釋我們看到的一切事物。在此，達(dá)爾文主義似乎提供了一種合理解釋，由于假如人類擁有共同起源,那么似乎我們就有理由認(rèn)為文化多樣性同樣可以追溯到更為單一的源頭。假如將特殊性從共性中剔除，我們也許可以理解復(fù)雜的文化行為的起源，以及其產(chǎn)生的進(jìn)化和認(rèn)知因素。做出又一嘗試是的喬舒亞?格林伯格，他對(duì)普遍性進(jìn)行了更為實(shí)證性的研究,辨認(rèn)杰出多語言的共有特性(特別是語序上的特性）,而人們認(rèn)為這些特性代表了因受認(rèn)知所限而產(chǎn)生的偏見。5０.喬姆斯基的語法應(yīng)當(dāng)表白語言變化的模式，這些模式獨(dú)立于語系或語系間交織的途徑,而格林伯格的普遍性理論則預(yù)測(cè)了特定語序關(guān)系間存在緊密的共存關(guān)系。SｅctｉoｎⅠUsｅofEnglisｈ2023年的完型填空是有關(guān)美國(guó)司法官倫理和政治關(guān)系的一篇文章,出自NewＹｏrｋTｉmes,Ｊunｅ,３０tｈ,20２3的“Ｅｔhics,PｏｌiticsandtheLａw”一文。選材回歸了２０23年完型曾出過的法律類文章，并且和當(dāng)年同樣,也是包含幾個(gè)小段落,不像以往的文章，三段或者四段論,脈絡(luò)比較清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)容易把握。并且,較去年比較“平易近人”的文章，這篇法律類文章背后有一定的背景知識(shí),比較關(guān)注時(shí)事或者對(duì)這一塊兒有所了解的同學(xué),會(huì)相應(yīng)得心應(yīng)手一些。此外，20道題目中,多達(dá)1３題都是在考察動(dòng)詞，雖然選項(xiàng)中基本不存在干擾項(xiàng)，除了15題一道考察兩詞的辨析之外，其他的選項(xiàng)含義都差別甚遠(yuǎn)，按理說值得快樂。但是這些考察動(dòng)詞的題目中,許多都考核對(duì)于熟詞僻義的掌握情況,往年就是202３出現(xiàn)了3處，今年也出現(xiàn)3處。僅有２道題考察邏輯詞，并且這兩道題是送分題，不需要考慮太多。歷來是命題人偏愛的以“able”作后綴的形容詞仍然出現(xiàn)（19題）。下面就真題作一個(gè)具體解析。和以往同樣，第一句話不設(shè)空,幫助同學(xué)們理解全文探討的話題:美國(guó)高等法庭司法官的倫理道德問題。1.【答案】Ｂ【解析】從空后信息可以看出，這句表達(dá)的是“__法官表現(xiàn)得像政治家”的情況下，法庭就不能保持其作為法律法規(guī)的合法衛(wèi)士的形象,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選C,mａintaｉｎ“維持,保持”，其他顯然語義不通。２．【答案】A【解析】從第三段可以看出，文章認(rèn)為法院和政治之間應(yīng)當(dāng)是有界線的。所以這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是當(dāng)法官像政治家同樣行事,模糊了兩者之間的區(qū)別時(shí)，就失去了其作為法律衛(wèi)士的合法性。只有Ｂ,wｈen表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。【答案】B【解析】第二段給的具體事例說明,法官出現(xiàn)在政治活動(dòng)中會(huì)使法官形象受損，影響他們獨(dú)立、公正的名聲。只有B，wｅaｋen能表達(dá)這個(gè)意思?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】空前信息顯示，法官出席政治活動(dòng)會(huì)讓法院的審判收到影響，人們就會(huì)認(rèn)為其審判不公正,所以選Ｄ,bｅaｃceｐteｄａs..．“被認(rèn)為是”。【答案】C【解析】空所在的語境為:產(chǎn)生這樣的問題，部分因素在于“法官?zèng)]有__道德規(guī)范”。后一句話說，至少法院應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守行為規(guī)范，這顯然是進(jìn)一步說明上一句話。所以上一句是說法官?zèng)]有受到道德規(guī)范的約束,選C,bouｎd?！敬鸢浮浚隆窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)解析５可以看出,這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是說遵守行為規(guī)范,subjｅct與tｏ連用，表達(dá)“服從某物，受…支配”。故本題選B?！敬鸢浮浚摹窘馕觥糠治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由thaｔ引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾說明前面的行為規(guī)范，是說法院也應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守合用于其他聯(lián)邦司法部的行為規(guī)范。aｐplytｏ“合用于”符合題意。resoｒttｏ“求助于”;ｓtickｔo“堅(jiān)持(原則等)”語意不通。【答案】B【解析】空所在的語境為，類似這樣的案例提出了這樣一個(gè)問題：法院和政治之間是否還存在著界線。提出問題,產(chǎn)生問題用只能選raiｓe。【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)第8題可知，空內(nèi)應(yīng)填ｌｉｎe，“界線”。barriｅr“障礙”，sｉｍｉlarity“相似性”,conflicｔ“沖突”都不合題意。【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意,憲法的起草者們預(yù)想的是將司法從政治中分出來,讓其享有獨(dú)立的權(quán)力。ｅnvisｉｏｎas“將…想象成…”。所以選B。【答案】A【解析】本題考察邏輯搭配。本選項(xiàng)答案的擬定需結(jié)合前句意思，制憲者旨在使法律不受政治的任何影響,這樣一來，法官就可以免受掌權(quán)者的影響了。此空就是考察由此所帶來的結(jié)果,故選[A］?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】此題承接上題，可知法律不受政治的影響,從而法官也不用緊張掌權(quán)者（thoseiｎｐower)?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】此題承接上題,結(jié)合句意，可知該半句重要表達(dá)“法官也無需政治支持了?！边x項(xiàng)C最符題意?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。原句表達(dá)“我們的法律體系是法律完全不受政治的影響,是由于這兩者是緊密。。?！薄＝Y(jié)合句意思，[Ｄ]最合題意.【答案】A【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。文中說“憲法具有政治性,是因其的選擇都是植根于諸如自由，財(cái)產(chǎn)之類的基本社會(huì)。。。中。”自由,財(cái)產(chǎn)是西方社會(huì)的一些基本社會(huì)理念或概念，故選[A]?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。一方面分析該句,可知空白處添加上一動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成一定語從句,限定“tｈelaｗ”。另一方面,文中語境表達(dá)“當(dāng)法律解決社會(huì)政策決策問題時(shí)，。。。的法律不可避免的具有政治性。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，[C］為最佳答案?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】此題考察詞意辨析?？捎晌闹姓Z境得知，該半句重要表達(dá)“這也就解釋了為什么背離思想路線的決策被看作是不公正的,從而被容易的….”。結(jié)合語境，以及四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思,可知［A]最佳?！敬鸢浮緾【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。由文中語境可知該句重要表達(dá)“法官必須。。。有關(guān)法庭(裁決的）公正合理的質(zhì)疑。”四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,僅[C］符合題意?！敬鸢浮浚摹窘馕觥勘绢}考察短語搭配及相似短語辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可與連用,其中accｅssｉblｅto易接近的；可歸屬的;可得到的可歸因的ａｍiableto可親,多指人和藹可親,易于接近agreｅabｌeto欣然批準(zhǔn)的;適合的，適宜的aｃcoｕntaｂleto對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)此題的理解需承接整個(gè)句，一方面此空所在后半句乃一方式狀語，承接前半句說明法官如何來解決有關(guān)法庭（裁決的)公正合理的質(zhì)疑。將此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，可得出對(duì)的答案[D]，法官只有對(duì)對(duì)行為準(zhǔn)則負(fù)責(zé)，也即是遵循一定的行為準(zhǔn)則才可保證其裁決的公正與合理?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】此題考察邏輯搭配。此句承接上句，旨在說明由此帶來的結(jié)果，也即是文中所說的“。。。使得裁決看起來完全不受政治的影響，如法律一般令人信服?！苯Y(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思,可知選[D］。SectiｏｎⅡReadingCoｍpreｈenｓｉonPaｒtAText１２1.Ａccorｄingｔoｔhefirｓtpａrａｇraph,peerpｒessureoftｅnｅmergesaｓ根據(jù)第一段,同齡人的壓力通常以什么樣的狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)：[A]aｓupｐlementｔｏthｅｓoｃｉaｌcure對(duì)于社會(huì)治療的補(bǔ)充[B]astimulｕstｏgrouｐdynａｍics對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)活力的刺激［Ｃ]anobstａｃletosｃhooｌprｏｇｒess學(xué)校進(jìn)步的阻礙[D］aｃauseoｆundｅsiｒａblebｅｈaｖioｒｓ一些不良行為的因素解析:答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)題:選項(xiàng)：aｃａｕseofｕｎd