從命題的角度來解決高考閱讀理解的細(xì)節(jié)題講義-高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)

從命題的角度來解決高考閱讀理解的細(xì)節(jié)題教學(xué)目標(biāo)了解高考閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題的命題思路了解命題過程中設(shè)置的正確選項(xiàng)和錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)能初步學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)文章的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)錯(cuò)分析教學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課我們講到了高考閱讀理解的題型，主要可分為以下四種隨型：主旨大意題、詞語(yǔ)理解題、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、推理判斷題，并對(duì)這四種題型的提問方式有了一定的了解。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提問方式說出四種題型。（）Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______（）Thepassageismainlyabout_______（）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.（）Thepassageimplies/suggeststhat_____.（）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?（）Thephrase"…"inthepassagemostprobablymeans_____.（）Theword“...”inPara.Xxisclosestinmeaningto_____.（）Whichofthefollowingisanemergency?事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解考試中占的比重較大，其試題的提問方式也沒有固定的模式。教學(xué)內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)題命題方向的側(cè)重注意兩個(gè)側(cè)重(1)側(cè)重語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞也叫邏輯詞。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞表明了文章的句子和句子及段落和段落的邏輯關(guān)系，把握標(biāo)志詞能在我們的閱讀過程中有所側(cè)重。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞主要有：①舉例(forexample)：②比較();③轉(zhuǎn)折()；④因果();⑤條件();⑥目的(不定式todo/介詞for)等。(2)側(cè)重長(zhǎng)句、難句。英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)中，長(zhǎng)句較多，特別是理論性很強(qiáng)的文章更是如此。長(zhǎng)句是英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，英語(yǔ)作者通過較長(zhǎng)的句子來表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想內(nèi)容。實(shí)際上，很多閱讀理解題就是針對(duì)長(zhǎng)句、難句而設(shè)置的。所以，在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，應(yīng)該充分重視長(zhǎng)句、難句，尤其是應(yīng)該重視這些句子所含的信息。命題中正確選項(xiàng)和錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：同義替換(1)關(guān)鍵詞替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞,變成正確選項(xiàng)。UK→EnglandThe?bottleneck?is?the?supply?of?teachers.→Theylack?of?teachers.ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.TheGermanbattleshipBismarck,themostpowerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroytheshipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowar-tornEngland.TheBismarcksailedintotheAtlanticOcean______.A.tosinktheHoodB.togaincontrolofFranceC.tocutoffAmericansuppliestoBritainD.tostopBritishwarshipsreachingGermany(2)詞性或者語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性,或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài),給考生制造障礙。supply?supplying;won?wasbeatenButinthefight,theBismarckwasslightlydamaged.HercommanderLuetjensdecidedtorunforrepairstoFrance,whichhadatthattimebeentakenbytheGermans.TheBritishforcefollowedher.However,becauseoftheBismarck’sspeedandtheheavyfog,theylostsightofher.LuetjenstriedtosailtoFranceinorderto______.A.havetheshiprepairedB.jointheotherGermansC.gethelpfromtheFrenchD.getawayfromtheBritish(3)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá),變成正確選項(xiàng)(適用于尋找錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的題目)。Thebikeunderthetreeisdifferentfromthisone.→Thebikeisnotthesameasthisone.Hiswifeisugly.→Hiswifeisnotthatdifficult.TheBritishhadfearedsuchatask.NowarshipstheyhadcouldmatchtheBismarckinspeedorinfirepower.TheBismarckhadeight15-inchgunsand81smallerguns.Shecouldmoveat30nauticalmiles(海里)anhour.Shewasbelievedtobeunsinkable.ManypeoplebelievedthattheBismarckwasthestrongestonebecauseshe______.A.wasfastandpowerfulB.hadmoremenonboardC.wasunderLuetjens’commandD.hadbiggergunsthanotherships(4)語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化。investedallhismoney→financeThebattledidn’tlastlong.TheBismarck’sfirsttorpedo(魚雷)hittheHoodoftheBritish,whichwentdowntakingallbutthreeofher1,419menwithher.Welearnfromthetextthaton24May______.A.theBritishwonthebattleagainsttheBismarckB.theBismarckwonthebattleagainsttheBritishC.theBritishgunfiredamagedtheBismarckseriouslyD.theBismarckfailedinkeepingawayfromtheBritish錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：偷換概念、無中生有、范圍擴(kuò)大或縮小、張冠李戴、因果本末倒置、絕對(duì)、對(duì)一半錯(cuò)一半。重新再做以上的四道題，說出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的哪幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)。教學(xué)總結(jié)本節(jié)課我們知道了高考閱讀理解中細(xì)節(jié)題命題的兩個(gè)側(cè)重點(diǎn)，根據(jù)這兩個(gè)側(cè)重點(diǎn)再結(jié)合題干所給出的關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文的關(guān)鍵句進(jìn)行四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的選擇。根據(jù)正確選項(xiàng)和錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)能夠幫我們有效的規(guī)避錯(cuò)誤答案，從而提升我們的閱讀正確率。當(dāng)然后續(xù)需要我們做大量的實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練，來強(qiáng)化感知其中的規(guī)律。課后作業(yè)（也是下一節(jié)課的內(nèi)容）請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上所學(xué)，選擇你認(rèn)為的正確選項(xiàng)，并分別說出正確選項(xiàng)和錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)：P1Whyplaygames?Becausetheyarefun,andalotmorebesides.Followingtherules...planningyournextmove...actingasateammember...thereareall“game”ideasthatyouwillcomeacrossthroughoutyourlife.P2Thinkaboutsomeofthegamesyouplayedasayoungchild,suchasrope-jumpingandhid-and-seek.Suchgamesareentertainingandfun.Butperhapsmoreimportantly,theytranslatelifeintoexcitingdramasthatteachchildrensomeofthebasicrulestheywillbeexpectedtofollowtherestoftheirlives,suchastakingturnsandcooperating(合作).P3Manychildren’sgameshaveapracticalside.Childrenaroundtheworldplaygamesthatpreparethemforworktheywilldoasgrown-ups.Forinstance,someSaudiArabianchildrenplayagamecalledbones,whichsharpensthehand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào))neededinhunting.P4Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympicGames,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnsit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicswincanmeansomuch.P5Sportsarealsoaneventthatunitespeople.Socceristhemostpopularsportintheworld.Peopleonallcontinentsplayit--someforfunandsomeforaliving.NicoletteIribarne,aCaliforniasoccerplayer,hasdiscoveredawaytospreadhopethroughsoccer.Hecreatedafoundationtoprovidepoorchildrenwithnotonlysoccerballsbutalsoapromisingfuture.P6Nexttimeyouplayyourfavoritegameorsport,thinkaboutwhyyouenjoyit,whatskillsareneeded,andwhethertheseskillswillhelpyouinotheraspectsofyourlife.1.Throughplayinghid-and-seek,childrenareexpectedtolearnto______.A.beateamleader B.obeythebasicrulesC.actasagrown-up D.predictpossibledanger2.Theunderlinedpartinparagraph2mostprobablymeansthatgamescan________.A.describelifeinanexcitingwayB.turnreal-lifeexper