一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的對比學習

一般過去時和此刻達成時的對照學習一般過去時和此刻達成時的對照學習一般過去時和此刻達成時的對照學習一般過去時和此刻達成時的對照學習一、一般過去時(定義,構(gòu)造)二、此刻達成時(定義,構(gòu)造)三、一般過去時和此刻達成時的對照學習一、一般過去時(1)定義:一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,lastnight,in1990,2daysago,since1999等。組成:主語+動詞過去式+其余動詞直接加“ed”:work——workedlook——looked,以不發(fā)音的字母“e”結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加“d”:live——livedhope——hopeduse——used,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加“ed”:study——studiedcarry——carriedworry——worried,以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed:stop——stoppedplan——planned不規(guī)則變化的動詞過去式:have---hadare---wereget---gotsay---saidfeel---feltdo/does---didis---wasgo---wentdrink--drankeat--atebring----broughtthink----thoughtbuy----boughtcatch----caughtteach----taughtsit----satwear----worecut----cutsweep----sweptsleep——sleptbecome----became二、此刻達成時定義:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)達成的動作對此刻造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過去已經(jīng)開始,向來連續(xù)到此刻的動作或狀態(tài)。(2)組成:組成:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其余(當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have。過去分詞:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞組成與動詞過去式同樣;不規(guī)則動詞需要特殊記憶。)否認式:主語+haven’t/hasn’t+過去分詞+其余疑問式:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其余?簡答語:Yes,主語+have/has.(一定)No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.(否認)三、一般此刻時和此刻達成時的差別:過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或純真表達過去的事情,重申換作;此刻達成時為過去發(fā)生的,重申過去的事情對此刻的影響,重申的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.(重申看的動作發(fā)生過了。)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(重申對此刻的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)過去經(jīng)常與詳細的時間狀語連用,而此刻達成時往常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語Shereturnedyesterday.HehasbeeninNewYorkformanyyears.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?3)此刻達成時可表示連續(xù)到此刻的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是連續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去經(jīng)常用的非連續(xù)性動詞有

come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried

等。句子中謂語動詞是用一般過去時仍是用此刻達成時,取決于動作能否對此刻有影響。句子中若有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,lastweek,in1960)時,不可以使用此刻達成時,要用過去時練習:用所給動詞的適合形式填空。Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissZhao______(hurry)offtolookaftertheman.Jim______(make)manyfriendssincehe______(come)toChina.They______(know)eachotherforabouttenyears.He______already______(write)alettertothefactorytoaskthemtostopmakingnoise.5.—When______she______(leave)?—Twohoursago.6.—______you______(see)thefilmbefore?—Yes,I______.—Where______you______(see)it?—AtTheQueen’sCinema.7.—Thankyouallthesame,Mr.Black,butIdon’teatsweets.—Oh,Iamsorry.I______(notknow)that.Theyusually______(go)fishingwhentheylivedthere.Howlong______she______(be)ill?10.Theydidn’tstarttoworkinthefielduntiltherain______(stop).按要求達成句子。Theyhave__________________Changshaforanhour.7.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm__________________fortenminutes.8.Theoldmandied5yearsago.Theoldman__________________for5years.單項填空?！狪’msorry,Cathy,I______yourradioforsuchalongtime.—Nevermind.A.haveborrowedB.havelentC.havekeptD.havereturned2.—Wherehaveyou______thesedays?—Ihave______toYangzhouwithmyfriends.A.been,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.gone,gone3.—Whereisyourfather?Wehaven’tseeneachotherforweeks.—______.A.HehasbeentoAmericaB.HehasgonetoEnglandC.HeisgoingtoAustraliaD.HewouldvisitmygrandparentsTheyhave______sincethefactoryopened.A.lefttheschoolB.joinedtheteamC.becomeworkersD.workedhereJim______theGreatWallmanytimes.It______tenyearssincethey______toFrance.A.was,movedB.was,havemovedC.is,havemovedD.is,moved7.—______totheUnitedStates?—No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougo8.Iwon

’tgotoseethefilmtonight

becauseI______myticket.A.didn’tloseB.havelostC.willloseD.didn’thaveMissWuhastaughtinthisschool______.A.fortenyearsB.tenyearsagoC.sincetenyearsD.fortenye