2022年下半年教師資格《初中英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力》黑鉆押題

2022年下半年教師資格《初中英語學(xué)科知識與教學(xué)能力》黑鉆押題卷面總分：129分答題時間：240分鐘試卷題量：129題練習(xí)次數(shù)：0次

單選題（共117題，共117分）

1.Forbetterclassroommanagement,whatshouldtheteacherdowhilethestudentsaredoingactivities?

A.Participatinginagroup

B.Preparingforthenextprocedure

C.Circulatingaroundtheclasstomonitor，promptandhelp

D.Keepinganeyeonthestudents

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：當(dāng)學(xué)生做任務(wù)時，教師可以巡視課堂，以觀察學(xué)生完成任務(wù)的情況，并及時提供幫助。

2.Howeverimportantwealthis,itshouldnotbecomeour__________inlife.

A.focus

B.sense

C.conflict

D.conscience

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查名詞辨析。focus“重點(diǎn)，焦點(diǎn)”，sense“感覺，觀念，道理”，conflict“矛盾，沖突”，conscience“良心，良知”。句意為“無論財富多么重要，它都不應(yīng)該成為我們生活的焦點(diǎn)”。故本題選A。

3.Ateachershowedstudentsanexampleandexplainedtheusageofpastperfecttense,andaskedstudentstolistten"pastperfecttense"sentencesbyimitatingthatexample.What'stheteacher'sgrammarteachingmethod?

A.Consolidation

B.Presentation

C.Deduction

D.Induction

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查語法教學(xué)知識。教師通過一個例子講了過去完成時的用法，然后讓學(xué)生模仿此例子造十個過去完成時的句子，是典型的演繹教學(xué)法。consolidation意為“鞏固”，presentation意為“呈現(xiàn)”，deduction意為“演繹”，induction意為“歸納”。故本題選C。

4.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesarenotcommunicativeactivitiesinteachingspeaking?

A.Informationgapactivities

B.Accuracy-focusedgames

C.Debatesandinterviews

D.Problem-solvingactivities

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查口語教學(xué)。信息差活動、討論、辯論、訪談、解決問題等活動都屬于交際性活動。Accuracy-focusedgames屬于控制性活動。故本題選B。

5.Ingrammarpractice,substitutionand__________drillsaremostfrequentlyusedin?mechanicalpractice.

A.meaning

B.matching

C.correction

D.transformation

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查語法練習(xí)形式。在機(jī)械性語法練習(xí)中，常用的兩種練習(xí)形式是替換練習(xí)（substitutiondrills）和轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)（transformationdrills），這種練習(xí)著重幫助學(xué)生熟練掌握語法點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，不涉及意義。所以本題選D。

6.Whichofthefollowingaboutteachingassessmentisinappropriate?

A.Diagnosticassessmentisakindoftestcarriedoutafterateachingactivity

B.Formativeassessmentshouldbestudent-oriented

C.Summativeassessmentisoftencarriedoutattheendofaterm

D.Portfolios,dailyreports,anddeliveringspeechesareallformativeassessment

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查教學(xué)評價。診斷性評價是指在某項教學(xué)活動開始之前對學(xué)生的知識、技能及情感等狀況進(jìn)行預(yù)測，而不是在教學(xué)活動之后進(jìn)行。故本題選A。

7.Whatarethemostimportantpartsofalessonplan

A.Textbooksandclassroomaids

B.Anticipationofproblemsandflexibilityindealingwiththem

C.Objectivesofthelessonandprocedurestoachievethem

D.Summaryandhomework

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：本題考查教學(xué)設(shè)計的設(shè)置。一個高效的教學(xué)設(shè)計是由各個密不可分的小環(huán)節(jié)組合成的。但是在諸多環(huán)節(jié)中，課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)及實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的步驟是一節(jié)課的重中之重，只有一節(jié)課的任務(wù)都圍繞著教學(xué)目標(biāo)不偏離，教師才能很好地在教學(xué)過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目標(biāo)，因此本題的正確答案為C。

8.ThereisonlyonepalatalconsonantinEnglish；itis____________．

A.[w]

B.[]

C.[j]

D.[h]

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：英語中唯一的硬腭音是[j]。

9.As[k]intheword“came”and[g]intheword“game”aresaidtoformadistinctiveoppositioninEnglish，theyare_______．

A.sounds

B.phonemes

C.allophones

D.varieties

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：[k]和[g]都是音位，它們構(gòu)成音位對立。

10.Someteenagersharbourageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety，which________themtherightsandprivilegesofadults，althoughphysicallytheyaremature．

A.deprives

B.restricts

C.rejects

D.denies

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：deprive“剝奪，使喪失”；restrict“限制，約束”；reject“拒絕”；deny“否認(rèn)”。句意：一些青少年普遍隱藏著對社會的憎恨，因?yàn)楸M管他們身體已經(jīng)發(fā)育成熟，但是社會沒有賦予他們成人的權(quán)利和特權(quán)。

11.AllofthefollowingunderlinedletterswillmakealossofplosiveEXCEPT___________．

A.frighten

B.doctor

C.candle

D.lollipop

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：選項A中爆破音[t]后為鼻音[n]，因此失去爆破。選項B中兩個爆破音[k][t]相鄰，第一個爆破音失去爆破。選項c中爆破音[d]后為邊音[l]，因此失去爆破。故選D。

12.ViewerscontinuetowatchTV___________theycomplainaboutthequalityoftheprogramming．

A.eventhough

B.asif

C.aslongas

D.unless

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：eventhough“即使”；asif“好像，仿佛”；aslongas“只要”；unless“除非”。句意：即使觀眾們抱怨電視節(jié)目的質(zhì)量，可他們還是繼續(xù)看電視。

13.Asforthewinter，itisinconvenienttobecold，withmostof________furnacefuelisallowedsavedforthedawn．

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.such

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：what引導(dǎo)的從句作of的賓語，“with+mostofwhat從句+saved…”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，作原因狀語。whatfurnacefuelisallowed相當(dāng)于thefurnacefuelwhichisallowed。句意：至于冬天，天氣很冷，生活很不方便，因此要把配給的大部分鍋爐燃料節(jié)省下來，留著黎明時使用。

14._______millionsofpeoplefromruralareascontinuetofloodintolargecities，whitecollarsareretreatingtosmallercities，insearchofarelaxedlifestyle．

A.While

B.When

C.As

D.If

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：句意：成千上萬來自農(nóng)村的人繼續(xù)涌進(jìn)大城市，然而白領(lǐng)卻正在撤往小城市，尋找一種休閑的生活方式。句意之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。

15.-DoyouthinkthattheLaborBillwillbepassed?

-Oh，yes．It’s___________thatitwill．

A.almostsurely

B.verylikely

C.nearpositive

D.quitecertainly

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：這里likely是形容詞，作表語。句意：——你認(rèn)為這個《勞工法案》會不會通過——喔，當(dāng)然，它很可能會通過。

16.Ithinktheboss，ratherthantheworkers，_______toblameforthefirethatcausedsomanydeaths．

A.are

B.were

C.was

D.tobe

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：考查主謂一致。ratherthan連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和前面的詞保持一致。本句中前一個主語boss是單數(shù)，故選C。

17.Theheadofthephrase“thelovelyhouse”is________．

A.thehouse

B.house

C.lovely

D.thelovelyhouse

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：名詞短語thelovelyhouse中，the和lovely都是修飾house的，因此house為中心詞。

18.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice________.

A.nottodo

B.notto

C.notdo

D.donot

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：短語asksb．nottodosth．的被動式為sb．beaskednottodosth．其中do即為前文的park，故省略，僅保留不定式符號to，選B。句意：這個司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤叄旖兴麆e那樣做。

19.WhichofthefollowingwordsdoesNOThaveasuffix?

A.Northward

B.Snowy

C.Happy

D.Worker

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：northward的后綴為-ward；snowy的后綴為-y；worker的后綴為-er。

20.AccordingtoF．deSaussure，________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity．

A.parole

B.performance

C.langue

D.language

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：語言（langue）是社會成員共有的一套抽象的語言系統(tǒng)。

21.Pragmaticsisparticularlyinterestedintherelationshipbetween_______andthecontextinwhichtheyareused．

A.words

B.phrases

C.situations

D.sentences

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：語用學(xué)主要研究交際中語言的使用，尤其是句子與語境之間的關(guān)系。

22.Spokenlanguageis________．

A.sometimesproducedinincompletesentences

B.producedwithcorrectgrammarandgoodorganization

C.generallyproducedincomplicatedsentencestructures

D.generallyproducedinmoreformal，moreprecise，lesscommonvocabulary

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：口語是一種非正式的語言形式，可能會出現(xiàn)不完整的句子，也可能會出現(xiàn)語法錯誤?？谡Z交際不強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用語言的準(zhǔn)確性，而強(qiáng)調(diào)語言運(yùn)用的流暢性和表意性。

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsexplainsonebenefitofinductivegrammarteaching?

A.Beingtime-saving

B.Studentsbeingactivelyinvolvedinlearning

C.Studentslearningfromclearrules

D.Fullandaccurateexplanations

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：歸納法語法教學(xué)可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，使學(xué)生積極參加學(xué)習(xí)活動。

24.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesrepresentthetop—downapproach?

A.Watchingrelatedfilms

B.Pre—teachingvocabulary

C.Explainingdifficultlanguagepointsinthereadingmaterial

D.Encodingthereadingmaterialwordtoword

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：“自上而下”模式注重背景知識的介紹。觀看與主題有關(guān)的電影有助于學(xué)生對閱讀或聽力主題的理解，因此選A。

25.TotalPhysicalResponseMethodbelongstothecomprehensionapproachwhichespeciallyemphasisontheunderstandingof_______．Teachersgiveinstructionsinforeignlanguage；studentsneedtousebodymovementstorespondtotheteachers．

A.listening

B.speaking

C.reading

D.writing

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：全身反應(yīng)教學(xué)法的教學(xué)過程為：教師發(fā)出指令，學(xué)生聽指令做動作。因此對教師的指令的理解至關(guān)重要，選B。

26.Amongthemajorlisteningskills，_________isaskillwhichcombineslisteningandwriting，becauseitrequiresthelistenerstowritedown，eitherwordforword，orinhisownwords，whatheconsidersimportant．

A.inferring

B.note-taking

C.listeningfordetailedinformation

D.listeningforgist

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：聽力過程中寫下聽到的認(rèn)為重要的單詞或句子，這屬于note-taking技能。

27.Whichdowenothavetotakethefollowingaspectintoconsiderationwhenweselecttextbooks?

A.Doesthebooksuityourstudents?

B.Doesthebooksuittheteacher?

C.Doesthebooksuitthesyllabusandexamination?

D.Doesthebooksuitthepressandpublication?

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：在選擇教材時要考慮學(xué)生、教師、教學(xué)大綱以及測試等因素，但是不必考慮出版社的問題。

28.Whenshouldtheteacherissuetheinstruction?

A.Assoonasclassbegins

B.Whenstudents’attentionisdirectedtotheteacher

C.Whenclassissilent

D.Whenclassisgoingtobeover

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：當(dāng)學(xué)生的注意力都在教師身上時，下指令的效果最好。

29.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．a(chǎn)sBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.AlargerpercentageofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericacameasindenturedservantsthanasfreeagentsinterestedinacquiringland

B.Migrantswhocametothecoloniesasindenturedservantsweremoresuccessfulatmakingalivelihoodthanwerefarmersandartisans

C.MigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaweremoresuccessfulatacquiringtheirownlandduringthe18thcenturythanduringthe17thcentury

D.Bythe1730’s，migrantsalreadyskilledinatradewereinmoredemandbyAmericanemployersthanwereunskilledlaborers

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句話可知，到18世紀(jì)30年代，美洲雇主開始需要技術(shù)熟練的技工，故選D。

30.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．a(chǎn)sBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.givesufficientemphasistotheculturalandpoliticalinterdependenceofthecoloniesandEngland

B.describecarefullyhowmigrantsofdifferentethnicbackgroundspreservedtheircultureintheUnitedStates

C.takeadvantageofsocialresearchontheexperiencesofcolonistswhomigratedtocolonialNorthAmericaspecificallytoacquireland

D.relatetheexperienceofthemigrantstothepoliticalvaluesthateventuallyshapedthecharacteroftheUnitedStates

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句話可知，雖然Bailyn的方法適用于革命前移民的契約奴，但是他沒有把他們的經(jīng)歷和美國政治的發(fā)展聯(lián)系起來，選D。

31.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．a(chǎn)sBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.Itistotallyimplausible

B.Itispartiallyacceptable

C.Itishighlyadmirable

D.Itiscontroversialthoughpersuasive

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。由第四段第二、三句話可知，在堅持殖民地是盎格魯一美利堅帝國的一部分這一點(diǎn)上，Bailyn無疑是正確的。但是，把帝國分為英國核心和殖民地外圍就貶低了殖民地文化的成就。由此可判斷作者認(rèn)為Bailyn的觀點(diǎn)有一部分是可以接受的，故選B。

32.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．a(chǎn)sBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.HighcultureinNewEnglandneverequaledthehighcultureofEngland

B.TheculturalachievementsofcolonialNewEnglandhavegenerallybeenunrecognizedbyhistorians

C.ThecolonistsimitatedthehighcultureofEngland，anddidnotdevelopaculturethatwasuniquelytheirown

D.ThesoutherncoloniesweregreatlyinfluencedbythehighcultureofNewEngland

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第四句話可知，作者和Bailyn都認(rèn)為殖民地的高雅文化和英國的高雅文化不一致，由此選A。

33.BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants．Inhisreinterpretation，migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica．Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions．

ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside；migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplya“naturalspillover”．AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish--Theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity．

Secondly，Bailynholdsthat，contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks，therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity．Forexample，theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably．

Bailyn’sthirdpropositionsuggeststwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants：onegroupcameasindenturedservants，anothercametoacquireland．Surprisingly，Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration．

ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica．Atfirst，thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited；bythe1730’s，however，Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans．

Finally，Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem．HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo—Americanempire．

ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery，asBailyndoes，devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue．a(chǎn)sBailynclaimsthathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland．Butwhatofseventeenth—c

A.BailynunderestimatestheeffectsofPuritanthoughtonNorthAmericanculture

B.BailynoveremphasizestheeconomicdependenceofthecoloniesonGreatBritain

C.Bailyn’sdescriptionofthecoloniesaspartofanAnglo-Americanempireismisleadingandincorrect

D.BailynfailedtotesthispropositionsonaspecificgroupofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmerica

正確答案：A

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。由第四段最后三句話可知，17世紀(jì)的新英格蘭制定了法律，創(chuàng)建了大學(xué)，出版了書籍，所以它的高雅文化可以和美國本土的相比。但是對此現(xiàn)象，Bailyn可能會說，新英格蘭是個特例，但作者認(rèn)為新英格蘭清教徒的思想和組織結(jié)構(gòu)對北美文化有著深刻的影響，由此可判斷作者認(rèn)為Bailyn低估了清教徒對北美文化的影響，故選A。

34.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Thearticlewaswrittento__________．

A.warnUSoftheimpendingstarvation

B.presentfactsaboutlifeinthenearfuture

C.opposebiologicaladvances

D.warnoftheevilsideofautomation

正確答案：B

您的答案：

本題解析：寫作意圖題。文章主要展望了2020年人類對付饑餓和反復(fù)作業(yè)的手段。

35.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Advancesinbiologicalknowledge__________．

A.keptpacewithadvancesinphysics

B.responsiblefortheinventionofnewmachines

C.surpassedthoseinphysics

D.laggedbehindthoseinphysics

正確答案：D

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。由第一段第二句話“Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfar-reachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．”可知，生物學(xué)知識的進(jìn)步將和物理學(xué)知識所做出的進(jìn)步一樣深遠(yuǎn)。由此可推測，生物學(xué)的發(fā)展落后于物理學(xué)，選D。

36.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Accordingtothepassage，starvation__________·

A.canbepredicted

B.isunavoidable

C.canbeprevented

D.ismainlycausedbypooragriculture

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。由第一段倒數(shù)兩句話中的“beheadedoff”可推知，饑餓是可以防止的，選C。

37.Itisplainthatintheyear2020everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday．Therewillbeadvanceinbiologicalknowledgeasfarreachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics．Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone．Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation：byMalthusinabout1800．byCrookesinabout1900．ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers．Intheyear2020，starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredityofplantsandanimals--byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment．

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation．Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine--theoperator．Bytheyear2020，therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines，astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago；andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．Todaywestilldistinguish，evenamongrepetitivejobs，betweentheskilledandtheunskilled；butintheyear2020allrepetitionwillbeunskilled．Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange；itisasinevitableastheyear2020itself．

Repetitivetasksinindustryleadto__________．

A.physicalexhaustion

B.mentalstimulation

C.mentalexhaustion

D.extinction

正確答案：C

您的答案：

本題解析：推理判斷題。由第二段第三句話“therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines…：andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion．”可知，反復(fù)作業(yè)將由機(jī)器接管；精神疲勞將變?yōu)轶w力消耗。由此推測，反復(fù)作業(yè)會導(dǎo)致精神疲勞，選C。

38.I