高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試卷A（全國甲卷）

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試卷A（全國甲卷）英語（測(cè)試時(shí)間：120分鐘卷面總分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在本試卷相應(yīng)的位置。2.全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbuyforThomson?AmusicCD.???????B.Abookofpoetry.???????C.AnEnglishnovel.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?Abusstation.???????B.Apalace.???????C.Abookstore.Howlongdoesthemanhavetowaitforthenexttrain?5minutes.???????B.45minutes.???????C.50minutes.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?Takethefitnessclass.???????B.PickupPeter.???????C.Giveheraride.Whatdoesthewomanmean?AnneisclevererandmorediligentthanJulia.Juliadoesn’twanttobeadancer.AnneandJuliaarebothfamous.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?Inacar.????? ? B.Athome.??????? C.Inahotel.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?Checkamap.??????? B.Findanotherroute.?????? C.Bookaroom.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。Whydoesthemancallthewoman?Tomakeanappointment.Toputoffanappointment.Toconfirmanappointment.Whatwillthewomandotomorrowmorning?Attendameeting.??????? B.Receiveavisitor.??????? C.Workonareport.WhenwillthewomanseeDr.Parker?At1:15p.m.??????? B.At2:00p.m.?????? C.At4:00p.m.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheapartment?Itisalittleexpensive.???????B.C.Itdoesn’thaveanelevator.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?Seetheapartment.???????B.Gotothegym.???????C.Workovertime.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Husbandandwife.???????B.Friends.???????C.Landlordandrenter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?Thelandscapesintheircountries.Thefamousscenicspotsintheircountries.Thegoodplacesforsportsintheircountries.Whatarethehillslikeintheman’scountry?Theyareextremelyhigh.Theyareinthesouthwestofthecountry.Theyarealllessthan1,000metershigh.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhercountry’scoast?Itislong.??????? B.Itisvaried.??????? C.Itisflat.Whatdoestheman’scountryhave?Manylakes.??????? B.Manywaterfalls.?????? ?C.Manyrivers.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。WhenwasTommyborn?In1898.???????B.In1909.???????C.In1911.TowhatdoesSheilaoweTommy’shealth?Helpfromthevet.Largeamountsofnursingfee.Loveandahealthydiet.WhatdoweknowaboutHermann’stortoises?Theyareendangerednow.Theyaren’tclosetotheirowners.Mostofthemtypicallylivetobe100.聽力答案：???1—5?ACBBA???6—10??ABCBA???11—15??CBBAC??16—20??BCACA備注：聽力文字稿附在文檔末尾第二部分閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。A4StudyandHomeworkAppsforAndroid!BrainlyPrice：Free/$15per3months/$24peryearBrainlyisasocialnetworkforlearners.Yousignup,askquestions,andgetanswers(usually).Additionally,youcanbrowsethesite,answerotherpeople'squestions,andhelpthemoutaswell.Theychargeonaquarterbasis($15)orayearlybasis($24).ForestPrice:Free/Upto$1.99Forestisadifferenttypeofapp.Oneofthebiggestdistractionsduringstudyisyoursmartphone.Foresthelpsputastoptothat.Youopentheappandatreegrows.Thetreediesifyouleavetheapp.Thus,thereisalittlemotivationtoleavethethingalonewhileyoustudyordohomework.GooglePlayBooksPrice:Freeapp,bookcostsvaryGooglePlayBooksisanexcellentsourceoflearningmaterial.Sometimesyourtextbookjustisn'tenoughandappslikethishaveplentyofadditionalresources.Bookscostmoneyobviously.However,youonlypayforthemonce.Booksareavailableofflineonyoursmartphoneortablet.QuizletPrice:Free/$19.99peryearQuizletisoneofthemostpopularflashcardappsforlanguagelearning.Youcancreateflashcardsplaymemorygames,andevenshareflashcardswithclassmates.Italsosupports18languagesforaboutanysubjectortopic.Thefreeversionshouldworkjustfineforsimpleuses,though.Thepremiumversioncosts$19.99peryear,whichisn'texpensiveforastudyaid.21.WhatisspecialaboutForest?A.Itanswersyourquestions. B.Ithelpskeepyoufocused.C.Itprovidestextbooksforyourstudy. D.Itmotivatesyoutoplantmoretrees.22.Whichappcanyouchoosetolearnlanguages?A.Brainy B.ForestC.Quizlet D.GooglePlayBooks23.Whatdotheseappshaveincommon?A.Theyhaveenoughlearningresources. B.Theyaredesignedtodohomeworkquickly.C.TheyhavenoadvertisementsD.Theychargeforsomeservices.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了四個(gè)安卓系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Forest部分中“Oneofthebiggestdistractionsduringstudyisyoursmartphone.Foresthelpsputastoptothat.(學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)最大的干擾之一就是你的智能手機(jī)。Forest有助于阻止發(fā)生這種情況)”可知，F(xiàn)orest的特別之處是能夠幫助你集中注意力。故選B。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Quizletisoneofthemostpopularflashcardappsforlanguagelearning.(Quizlet是最受歡迎的語言學(xué)習(xí)抽認(rèn)卡應(yīng)用程序之一)”可知，Quizlet是為語言學(xué)習(xí)者設(shè)計(jì)的。故選C。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Price:Free/15per3months/24peryear(價(jià)格：免費(fèi)/3個(gè)月15美元/每年24美元)”；第二段中“Price:Free/Upto1.99(價(jià)格：免費(fèi)/最高1.99美元)”；第三段中“Price:Freeapp,bookcostsvary(價(jià)格：免費(fèi)的應(yīng)用程序，書的價(jià)格不同)”及第四段中“Price:Free/19.99peryear(價(jià)格：免費(fèi)/$19.99每年)”等信息可知，這四個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的共同點(diǎn)是都要收取一些服務(wù)費(fèi)。故選D。BWhileDisneyanimationsaresuccessfulinmovingtheiraudiences,theirsubsidiary（子公司）Pixarisexpertatcreatingtear-jerkingmoviesaswell.Atfirstsight,itisremarkablethatthesemoviesmakeuscry—themaincharactersarecartooncharacters,inmostcasesnotevenhumanbeings,whodothingsthatcouldevidentlyneverhappenintherealworld:toyscometolife,monstersaretoscaresleepingchildren,andhelium-balloon-poweredhousestraveltheworld.Howcanastorysounrealisticmakeuscaresomuchabouttheiranimatedmaincharacters?ThePixarcreatorsexplainedthattheirstoriesoftenreflecttheirownpersonallives.Whereastheanimatedcharactersarefarfromreal,theirlivesarerelatable.Themagicalingredientistherealisticportrayalofthecomplexemotionallivesofthecharacters.AsPixardirectorPeteDoctorexplains:“Whatyou’retryingtodo,whenyoutellastory,istowriteaboutaneventinyourlifethatmadeyoufeelaparticularway.Andwhatyou’retryingtodo,whenyoutellastory,istogettheaudiencetohavethatsamefeeling.Whilethisistrueforstorytellingingeneral,itisespeciallyimportantinPixarmovies,giventhatthebasicplotsoftheirmoviescannothappeninreallife.”WhatmakesPixar’shighlyunrealisticstoriesbelievableisthefactthattheyaddressproblemsthatarecentraltoourownlives.Pixaraddressesrealhumanmatterssuchasfamily,friendship,death,loss,andthehighlyrealisticemotionsthatsucheventsevokeinourlife.Theeffectofthestorythusdependsonthehumancapacitytoempathizewithothers:torecognizewhichemotionsothersexperience,andtounderstandwhyothersfeelhowtheyfeel.Thefactthatempathyislearnedanddevelopedthroughlifemaywellbethereasonwhythesemoviesareentertainingforkidsbutratherdevastatingandheart-crushingforadults.EveryPixarmoviehasthemomentwhenwecry.Welearnandfeelwiththecharactersthroughtherealisticportrayaloftheiremotionallives.Thestoriesappealtoourdeepestemotionsand,thus,makeuscry.Because,essentially,Pixarstoriesareaboutus.24.WhichrealissuemaynotbedealtwithinPixar’smovies?A.Familyconflicts. B.Romanticlove.C.Apoliticalissue. D.Thebetrayalofafriend.25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ThePixar’smoviesarenotonlyentertainingforkidsbutalsoheart-breakingforadults.B.PixarcancreatetouchingmoviesbecauseofthesupportfromDisney.C.BoththerealisticemotionsandrealhumanmattersareshownvividlyinPixar’stear-jerkingmovies.D.Peoplecanfindempathymoreeasilyinanimationmoviesthaninanyothermovies.26.ThekeyreasonforthesuccessofPixar’smoviesliesin_________.A.empathyoftheaudienceB.thedelicatefilmdesignC.theadorablecartooncharactersD.goodtasteoftheaudience27.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoMakeUnrealisticStoriesBelievable?B.HowDoDisneyPixarMoviesMakeUsCry?C.WhyAreHumanEasilyAttractedbyMovies?D.WhatMakesDisneyPixarMoviesSuccessful?【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了皮克斯電影感動(dòng)觀眾的原因?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“thefactthattheyaddressproblemsthatarecentraltoourownlives.Pixaraddressesrealhumanmatterssuchasfamily,friendship,death,loss,andthehighlyrealisticemotionsthatsucheventsevokeinourlife.(他們解決的問題與我們的生活息息相關(guān)。皮克斯講述的是真實(shí)的人類問題，如家庭、友誼、死亡、失去，以及這些事件在我們生活中喚起的高度現(xiàn)實(shí)的情感。)”可知，皮克斯電影解決的問題都是圍繞著我們的生活，討論真正與人有關(guān)的問題，如家庭、友誼、死亡、失去和一些尤為真實(shí)的情感。而politicalissues（政治問題），文章中未提及其是否在皮克斯電影中有所涉及。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Themagicalingredientistherealisticportrayalofthecomplexemotionallivesofthecharacters.(其神奇之處在于對(duì)人物復(fù)雜情感生活的逼真刻畫。)”和第五段“WhatmakesPixar’shighlyunrealisticstoriesbelievableisthefactthattheyaddressproblemsthatarecentraltoourownlives.(皮克斯極不現(xiàn)實(shí)的故事之所以可信，是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了我們生活中的核心問題。)”可知，在皮克斯電影中，人類復(fù)雜的情感生活和生活中出現(xiàn)的真實(shí)問題都展現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Theeffectofthestorythusdependsonthehumancapacitytoempathizewithothers.(因此，故事的效果取決于人類對(duì)他人的移情能力。)”和“Thefactthatempathyislearnedanddevelopedthroughlifemaywellbethereasonwhythesemoviesareentertainingforkidsbutratherdevastatingandheart-crushingforadults.(同理心是在生活中學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展的，這可能就是為什么這些電影對(duì)孩子來說很有趣，但對(duì)成年人來說卻是毀滅性和心碎的原因。)”可知，皮克斯電影獲得成功的關(guān)鍵原因很可能是觀眾具備共情的能力。故選A?！?7題詳解】標(biāo)題歸納題。本文為說明文，從第三段開始討論的都是皮克斯電影之所以讓人動(dòng)情的原因，即最后一段的最后一句“Thestoriesappealtoourdeepestemotionsand,thus,makeuscry.Because,essentially,Pixarstoriesareaboutus.(這些故事觸動(dòng)了我們最深層的情感，因此，讓我們哭泣。因?yàn)椋举|(zhì)上，皮克斯的故事是關(guān)于我們的。)”。故B選項(xiàng)“HowDoDisneyPixarMoviesMakeUsCry?(迪士尼皮克斯電影是如何讓我們哭的？)”。概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選B。CCityparkshavelongbeenaplaceforurbanresidentstogetasmallamountofgreen.Ascitiesincreasinglyfeeltheimpactsofrisingseasandtemperatures,peoplearerethinkingtherolesofurbanparks.Allofthedark-grayasphalt(瀝青)incitiescollectheat.Dallasisoneofthecountry’sfastest-warmingcitiesthanksinparttoitsextensiveimpervious(不透水的)surfaces,butwithanew$312millionbondpackage,thecityishopingtochangethat.Usingsatellitedata,thecityisabletoseewhatneighborhoodsmostneedthecoolingeffectofgreenspaces.Citiesareincreasinglyfloodingandcityplannersthinkparkscanhelpwiththisissuetoo.AreportpublishedinFebruarybyTheNatureConservancylookedatthebestwaystodealwithfloodinginHouston,acitywithmanyneighborhoodsbuiltonfloodplainsandregularlyfloodedbyrisingwaters.Offeringaffectedhomeownersbuyoutsandtransforminghomesintogreenspaceswouldsavemoremoneythaninstallinginfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)likepipes,theyfound.BrendanShane,aclimateprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocoolingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.“Thestrongerthebondsarefromneighbortoneighbor,thebettertheyareabletoreacttoashock,”hesays.“Notasinglesolutionbyitselfwillavoidtheclimatecrisis.Weseeparksasanimportantpartofit,butthereisn’tasilverbullet,”saysDianeRegas,CEOofTheTrustforPublicLand.“Parksareanexampleofwhatweintheenvironmentalcommunityneedtodotoreachsolutionsthataddressclimatechangeatthesametimeandmakepeople’slivesbetter.”28．WhatdoesthecityDallaswanttodealwith?A．Thelackofgreenspaces. B．Thewayofcollectingheat.C．Theeffectofrisingseas. D．Thebondbetweenneighborhoods.29．WhatcanbeinferredfromthereportbyTheNatureConservancy?A．Citiesintheworldarefrequentlyflooded. B．Cityparksmayhelppreventcityflooding.C．Citiesneedn’tinvestmuchmoneyininfrastructure. D．Cityparksaffectpeople’schoiceofaneighborhood.30．WhatdoesBrendanShanesayaboutparks?A．Theycanenablepeopletogetoverashock. B．Theycanreduceairpollutioneffectively.C．Theycanperformpositivesocialfunctions. D．Theycanhelppeopletokeepacoolhead.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asliverbullet”inParagraph5mean?A．Afastandeffectivesolution. B．Asuccessfulexample.C．Animmediateandclearcause. D．Animpracticalmethod.【答案】28．A29．B30．C31．A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，隨著城市出現(xiàn)的問題，人們正在重新思考城市公園的作用，讓公園成為人們鍛煉和玩耍、為社區(qū)降溫和吸收洪水的地方。28．推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Allofthedark-grayasphalt(瀝青)incitiescollectheat.Dallasisoneofthecountry’sfastest-warmingcitiesthanksinparttoitsextensiveimpervious(不透水的)surfaces(城市里所有的深灰色瀝青都會(huì)收集熱量。達(dá)拉斯是美國變暖速度最快的城市之一)”和“Usingsatellitedata,thecityisabletoseewhatneighborhoodsmostneedthecoolingeffectofgreenspaces.(利用衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，該市能夠看到哪些社區(qū)最需要綠地的降溫效果)”可知，達(dá)拉斯是美國變暖速度最快的城市之一，需要綠地來降溫，可得出達(dá)拉斯市要應(yīng)對(duì)缺乏綠地的問題。故選A項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。由第三段“Citiesareincreasinglyfloodingandcityplannersthinkparkscanhelpwiththisissuetoo.AreportpublishedinFebruarybyTheNatureConservancylookedatthebestwaystodealwithfloodinginHouston,acitywithmanyneighborhoodsbuiltonfloodplainsandregularlyfloodedbyrisingwaters.Offeringaffectedhomeownersbuyoutsandtransforminghomesintogreenspaceswouldsavemoremoneythaninstallinginfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)likepipes,theyfound.(城市越來越多地被洪水淹沒，城市規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為公園也可以幫助解決這個(gè)問題。2月，自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)發(fā)布了一份報(bào)告，探討了應(yīng)對(duì)休斯頓洪水的最佳方法，休斯頓市的許多社區(qū)都建在洪泛平原上，經(jīng)常被上漲的洪水淹沒。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與安裝管道等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施相比，為受影響的房主提供買斷，并將房屋改造成綠色空間，將節(jié)省更多資金)”可知，針對(duì)像休斯頓這樣容易被洪水淹沒的城市，應(yīng)對(duì)洪水的最佳方法是建設(shè)更多的綠色空間，可得出城市公園可能有助于防止城市洪水。故選B項(xiàng)。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“BrendanShane,aclimateprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocoolingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.(氣候項(xiàng)目主任布倫丹·沙恩說，公園可以為人們創(chuàng)造鍛煉和玩耍的機(jī)會(huì)，此外還可以為社區(qū)降溫和吸收洪水)”可知，布倫丹·沙恩認(rèn)為城市公園于人與社會(huì)都有好處，城市公園可以發(fā)揮積極的社會(huì)功能。故選C項(xiàng)。31．詞句猜測(cè)題。由第五段中的“Notasinglesolutionbyitselfwillavoidtheclimatecrisis.Weseeparksasanimportantpartofit,butthereisn’tasilverbullet(沒有一個(gè)單一的解決方案能夠避免氣候危機(jī)。我們認(rèn)為公園是其中的一個(gè)重要部分，但沒有什么asilverbullet)”和“Parksareanexampleofwhatweintheenvironmentalcommunityneedtodotoreachsolutionsthataddressclimatechangeatthesametimeandmakepeople’slivesbetter.(公園是我們環(huán)保界需要做的事情的一個(gè)例子，以達(dá)成解決方案，同時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，改善人們的生活)”可知，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)沒有單一的解決方案，建設(shè)城市公園只是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)的一環(huán)，總之沒有快速有效的解決方案，asliverbullet在此處意為“快速有效的解決方案（Afastandeffectivesolution）”。故選A項(xiàng)。DInastudypublishedinNatureMachineIntelligence,researchersatOhioStateUniversityshowhowartificialintelligence(AI)canfollowclinicaltrialstoidentifydrugsforrepurposing,asolutionthatcanhelpadvanceinnovativetreatments.Repurposingdrugsislegalandnotunusual.WhendoctorsprescribedrugsthathavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)forpurposesdifferentfromwhatisprintedonthelabels,thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.Forexample,Metformin,adrugthatisFDA-approvedfortreatingtype2diabetes,isalsousedtotreatPCOS(adiseaseofwomen),andotherdiseases.Trazodone,ananti-depressantwithFDA-approvaltotreatdepression,isalsoprescribedbydoctorstohelptreatpatientswithsleepissues.TheOhioStateUniversityresearchteamcreatedanAIdeeplearningmodelforpredictingtreatmentprobabilitywithpatientdataincludingthetreatment,outcomes,andpotentialconfounders(干擾因素).Confoundersarerelatedtotheexposureandoutcome.Forexample,aconnectionisidentifiedbetweenmusicfestivalsandincreasesinskinrashes(紅疹).Musicfestivalsdonotdirectlycauseskinrashes.Inthiscase,onepossibleconfoundingfactorbetweenthetwomaybeoutdoorheat,asmusicfestivalstendtorunoutdoorswhenthetemperatureishigh,andheatisaknowncauseforrashes.Whenworkingwithreal-worlddata,confounderscouldnumberinthethousands.AIdeeplearningiswell-suitedtofindpatternsinthecomplexityofpotentiallythousandsofconfounders.Theresearcherteamusedconfoundersincludingpopulationdataandco-prescribeddrugs.Withthisproof-of-concept,nowclinicianshaveapowerfulAItooltorapidlydiscovernewtreatmentsbyrepurposingexistingmedications.32.Whatdoweknowaboutadrugusedoff-label?A.Itissoldwithoutalabel. B.Itisavailableatalowprice.C.Itsusesextendbeyondtheoriginal. D.Itsclinicaltrialsarerejectedbydoctors.33.WhatdoMetforminandTrazodonehaveincommon?A.Theyareusedoff-label. B.Theytreatrarediseases.C.Theyresultinsleepissues. D.Theyaremedicalbreakthroughs.34.Whatcanbeinferredabout“confounders"?A.Theyarepossibletreatments. B.Theyareenvironmentalfactors.C.Theycanbeeasilyrecognizedindata. D.Theyshouldbetakenintoconsideration.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.AIexaminesbenefitsofexistingdrugs. B.AIidentifiesoff-labelusesfordrugs.C.AIprovesthepowerofdrugresearch. D.AIfindsnewdrugsforcommondiseases.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了在《自然機(jī)器智能》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員展示了人工智能（AI）如何能夠跟蹤臨床試驗(yàn)，識(shí)別用于重新使用的藥物，這一解決方案有助于推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新治療?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“WhendoctorsprescribedrugsthathavebeenapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)forpurposesdifferentfromwhatisprintedonthelabels,thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.(如果醫(yī)生開出的藥物是經(jīng)食品和藥物管理局（FDA）批準(zhǔn)的，其目的與標(biāo)簽上的目的不同，那么這些藥物就被“標(biāo)示外”使用了，僅僅因?yàn)橐环N藥物被FDA批準(zhǔn)用于特定類型的疾病并不妨礙它在其他用途上可能產(chǎn)生的益處。）)”可推斷，“標(biāo)示外”藥物的用途超出了原來的用途。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“thedrugsarebeingused“off-label”.JustbecauseadrugisFDA-approvedforaspecifictypeofdiseasedoesnotpreventitfromhavingpossiblebenefitsforotherpurposes.(這些藥物被"標(biāo)示外"使用，僅僅因?yàn)橐环N藥物被FDA批準(zhǔn)用于某種特定類型的疾病，并不妨礙它在其他用途上可能有好處。)”和文章第三段“Forexample,Metformin,adrugthatisFDA-approvedfortreatingtype2diabetes,isalsousedtotreatPCOS(adiseaseofwomen),andotherdiseases.Trazodone,ananti-depressantwithFDA-approvaltotreatdepression,isalsoprescribedbydoctorstohelptreatpatientswithsleepissues.(例如，F(xiàn)DA批準(zhǔn)用于治療2型糖尿病的藥物二甲雙胍，也用于治療多囊卵巢綜合征（一種女性疾?。┖推渌膊?。曲唑酮是一種經(jīng)美國食品及藥物管理局（FDA）批準(zhǔn)用于治療抑郁癥的抗抑郁藥，醫(yī)生也會(huì)開它來幫助治療睡眠問題患者。)”可知，二甲雙胍和曲唑酮的相似之處是這兩種藥物都在適應(yīng)癥外使用（標(biāo)示外使用）。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段的“Whenworkingwithreal-worlddata,confounderscouldnumberinthethousands.AIdeeplearningiswell-suitedtofindpatternsinthecomplexityofpotentiallythousandsofconfounders.(在處理真實(shí)世界的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，干擾因素可能多達(dá)數(shù)千個(gè)。AI深度學(xué)習(xí)非常適合在潛在的成千萬的干擾因素混合物中尋找模式。)”可推斷，干擾因素應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真地考慮。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InastudypublishedinNatureMachineIntelligence,researchersatOhioStateUniversityshowhowartificialintelligence(AI)canfollowclinicaltrialstoidentifydrugsforrepurposing,asolutionthatcanhelpadvanceinnovativetreatments.(在《自然機(jī)器智能》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員展示了人工智能（AI）如何能夠跟蹤臨床試驗(yàn)，識(shí)別用于重新使用的藥物，這一解決方案有助于推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新治療。)”再結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述人工智能識(shí)別藥物標(biāo)示外用途。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WaystoImproveYourselfby1%EachDayManypeopletreat“l(fā)ife”assomethingthathappenstothem.Theyarethevictim.____36____Andthentherearethosewhoareclearontheirgoals.Whensomethinggoeswrong,theyarethefirsttoadmitwheretheywentwrong.Howcanyoulivealifebydesigninsteadofbydefault?Setgoalsandactuallyachievethem____37____“NewYear’sResolutions”aretheworst(orbest)exampleofthis.It’seasytosetgoals,butveryfewpeoplefollowthroughwiththemtotheend.Peoplewholivebydesignpracticethehabitofsettinggoalsandactuallyachievingthem.Thisconstantpracticeiswhatallowsthemtosetbiggerandbiggergoalsandseethemthroughtocompletion.SurroundyourselfwithpeopleyouwanttobelikeChooseyourfriendscarefully.Astheysay,“____38____”Makesurethattheindividualswhooccupyyourlifeandtimeshareyourvalues.Ideally,thesepeopleshouldevenbealittlebitaheadofyou,forcingyoutostretchandcontinuetogrowinthedirectionyou’dliketogo.Don’tbeafraidtogoyourownwayWhenyougoyourownway,everyonewilltellyouthatyou'rewrongatfirst.Everyonewillpointandsharetheiropinionandthensomewheredowntheline,theywillallcomebackaround.____39____Andtheywillaskyouhowyoudidit.PracticedisciplineInorderforyoutogettowhereyouknowyoucango,youhavetosay“no”ahundredtimesmorethanyousaytheword“yes”.____40____Andtheonlywaytodosoistohaveastrongsenseofself-awarenessanddiscipline.A.Everybodysetsgoals.B.Theycreatethelifetheywanttolive.C.Somepeoplejustdon’tknowwhentoquit.D.Theywillseethelifeyou’vebuiltforyourself.E.Youmustbefaithfultoyourselfandyourgoal.F.Whenthingsgowrong,it’ssomeoneelse’sfault.G.Youareareflectionofthosewhoyouspendthemosttimewith.【答案】36.F37.A38.G39.D40.E【解析】本篇是說明文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)每天提高自己1%的方法。【36題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Manypeopletreat“l(fā)ife”assomethingthathappenstothem.Theyarethevictim.(許多人把“生活”看成發(fā)生在他們身上的事情。他們是受害者)”以及后文“Andthentherearethosewhoareclearontheirgoals.Whensomethinggoeswrong,theyarethefirsttoadmitwheretheywentwrong.(還有一些人很清楚自己的目標(biāo)。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問題時(shí)，他們是第一個(gè)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤的人)”可知，上文提到許多人把自己當(dāng)成受害者，后文則提到了主動(dòng)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤的人，即本句承接上文進(jìn)一步解釋：當(dāng)事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)，都是別人的錯(cuò)。故F選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)事情出錯(cuò)時(shí)，是別人的錯(cuò)”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文““NewYear’sResolutions”aretheworst(orbest)exampleofthis.It’seasytosetgoals,butveryfewpeoplefollowthroughwiththemtotheend.Peoplewholivebydesignpracticethehabitofsettinggoalsandactuallyachievingthem.Thisconstantpracticeiswhatallowsthemtosetbiggerandbiggergoalsandseethemthroughtocompletion.(“新年決心”是最壞（或最好）的例子。設(shè)定目標(biāo)很容易，但很少有人會(huì)堅(jiān)持到底。設(shè)計(jì)型的人養(yǎng)成了設(shè)定目標(biāo)并實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的習(xí)慣。這種持續(xù)的練習(xí)能讓他們?cè)O(shè)定越來越大的目標(biāo)，并堅(jiān)持到底)”可知，本段主要是關(guān)于設(shè)定目標(biāo)并實(shí)現(xiàn)的問題，A選項(xiàng)中setsgoals對(duì)應(yīng)后文中setgoals。故A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都有自己的目標(biāo)”符合語境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Chooseyourfriendscarefully.(慎重選擇你的朋友)”以及后文“Makesurethattheindividualswhooccupyyourlifeandtimeshareyourvalues.Ideally,thesepeopleshouldevenbealittlebitaheadofyou,forcingyoutostretchandcontinuetogrowinthedirectionyou’dliketogo.(確保那些占據(jù)你生活和時(shí)間的人與你有共同的價(jià)值觀。理想情況下，這些人甚至應(yīng)該走在你前面一點(diǎn)，迫使你伸展并繼續(xù)朝著你想要的方向發(fā)展)”可知，本段指出交友慎重，選擇自己想成為那樣子的人作為朋友，所以此處應(yīng)該填：你經(jīng)常相處的朋友能看出你是一個(gè)怎樣的人或者想成為怎樣的一個(gè)人。故G選項(xiàng)“你能反映出你和誰在一起的時(shí)間最多”符合語境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenyougoyourownway,everyonewilltellyouthatyou'rewrongatfirst.Everyonewillpointandsharetheiropinionandthensomewheredowntheline,theywillallcomebackaround.(當(dāng)你走自己的路時(shí)，每個(gè)人一開始都會(huì)說你錯(cuò)了。每個(gè)人都會(huì)指出并分享他們的觀點(diǎn)，然后在某個(gè)時(shí)候，他們都會(huì)回過頭來)”以及后文“Andtheywillaskyouhowyoudidit.(他們會(huì)問你是怎么做到的)”可知，從上文可知，不要拘泥于別人的說辭，要堅(jiān)持自己的選擇。那些最初極力反對(duì)的人后來也會(huì)見證你的選擇，并驚嘆你所做到的一切。故D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)看到你為自己建立的生活”符合語境，故選D。【40題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inorderforyoutogettowhereyouknowyoucango,youhavetosay“no”ahundredtimesmorethanyousaytheword“yes”.(為了讓你到達(dá)你知道你能到達(dá)的地方，你說“不”的次數(shù)要比你說“是”的次數(shù)多百倍)”以及后文“Andtheonlywaytodosoistohaveastrongsenseofself-awarenessanddiscipline.(而要做到這一點(diǎn)，唯一的方法就是要有強(qiáng)烈的自我意識(shí)和紀(jì)律性)”可知，本段主旨是要忠于做自己，忠于既定目標(biāo)，我們必須要有強(qiáng)烈的自我意識(shí)和原則性紀(jì)律性。故E選項(xiàng)“你必須忠于你自己和你的目標(biāo)”符合語境，故選E。笫三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Manyyearsago,IwasworkinginanofficeinHalifax,NovaScotia.Wehadlarge____41___thatlookoutoverabusystreet.Iwasstandingbyoneofthosewindowsonedaywhenawomanina____42___carlookedupandmadeeyecontact.NaturallyI____43___.Assheturnedandtriedtoidentifyme,aquietlaugh____44____mylips.Myco-workersbegantakinganinterest,andstoodbackwatchingthe____45___Ireceived,andlaughinghappily.Thenthestressofwork___46___away.Christmasapproached,andjob___47__wereannounced.Severalofmyco-workerswerelosingtheirjobs,andeveryonewas___48__.WhileIwasworkinganightshift,aredjacket,aboxoffoam(泡沫橡膠）packingandstripsoftapeinthecornerattractedmy__49___.TheycouldbeSanta’sjacketandbeard!ThenIfoldedaredfileintoa___50___andtiedthebeardtoit.ThenextdayIwalked___51___downintotheofficeinthecostume.Myco-workers___52____aroundmeandlaughedforthefirsttimeinweeks.Suddenly,mybosscametome,___53___,shookhisheadandthenleft.Ifeared____54___.Thenthephonerang.Withabeadofsweat___55___myforehead,Ienteredtheboss’office.__56___,helaughed:“Thanks,Mike!It’sbeenhardtoenjoytheChristmasseason.Thanksforthelaugh.I___57___it.”Thatevening,Istood__58____bythewindowandwavedatmyfans,withmyheart__59___withjoy.Forafewminutesofthatday,we’dbeenabletoforgetour___60____.41．A．balcony B．windows C．roof D．curtain42．A．working B．wandering C．passing D．following43．A．waved B．welcomed C．shouted D．shook44．A．obtained B．locked C．grasped D．escaped45．A．concerns B．feelings C．reactions D．a(chǎn)ctions46．A．gave B．turned C．washed D．carried47．A．loads B．time C．a(chǎn)rrangement D．cuts48．A．depressed B．excited C．confused D．a(chǎn)wkward49．A．notice B．a(chǎn)ttention C．a(chǎn)ppreciation D．consideration50．A．jacket B．tie C．vest D．hat51．A．sadly B．nervously C．embarrassedly D．bravely52．A．got B．gathered C．turned D．presented53．A．a(chǎn)pproached B．backedoff C．steppedin D．paused54．A．closure B．difficulty C．trouble D．mistake55．A．pulling B．rollingdown C．flowing D．movingon56．A．lastly B．Thus C．Instead D．However57．A．needed B．claimed C．declared D．shared58．A．proudly B．carefully C．hopefully D．silently59．A．filled B．covered C．equipped D．loaded60．A．weakness B．faults C．losses D．changes【答案】41—45：BCADC46—50:CDABD51—55:DBDCB56—60”DAAAC【解析】本文是一篇故事，講述了作者在窗前經(jīng)常給路人帶來問候，在工作壓力巨大時(shí)給同事們帶來快樂的故事。41．考查名詞辨析。A.balcony陽臺(tái)；B.windows窗戶；C.roof房頂；D.curtain窗簾。根據(jù)句中的lookoutoverabusystreet.和下文的standingbyoneofthosewindows和Istood__53___bythewindow可知是從窗戶往外看，眺望繁忙的街道。故選B.42．考查形容詞辨析。A.working工作的；B.wandering流浪的，漫游的；C.passing經(jīng)過的；D.following其次的，接著的。此處指我站在窗前，一輛經(jīng)過的車?yán)锏呐客峡?，正好和我眼神接觸。指過路的，經(jīng)過的，故選C.43．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.waved揮手；B.welcomed歡迎；C.shouted喊叫；D.shook搖晃。自然而然地，我朝過路者揮手。下文wavedatmyfans給了提示，故選A.44．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.obtained獲得；B.locked鎖；C.grasped抓?。籇.escaped逃跑。此處指我輕聲笑了起來，指笑從嘴唇中跑出來，比較形象。故選D.45．考查名詞辨析。A.concerns關(guān)心；B.feelings感覺；C.reactions反應(yīng)；D.actions行動(dòng)。同事們開始對(duì)我產(chǎn)生了興趣，站在一旁看著我的反應(yīng)。指我對(duì)待陌生者和這件事的反映，故選C.46．考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.gave給；B.turned轉(zhuǎn)身；C.washed洗；D