外研版高中英語(yǔ)Book 6 Module 6 Grammar -Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣教學(xué)課件

theSubjunctiveMood一、theSubjunctiveMood

in“if”clause

虛擬語(yǔ)氣在“if”條件句中的用法

IfIwereaboy,evenjustforadayI’drolloutofbedinthemorningandthrowonwhatIwantedandgo

drinkbeerwiththeguysandchaseaftergirlsI’dkickitwithwhoIwantedandI’dnevergetconfrontedforit.Causethey’dstickupformeIfIwereaboyIfIwereaboyIthinkIcouldunderstandhowitfeelstoloveagirlIswearI’dbeabettermanI’dlistentoher,CauseIknowhowithurtsWhenyoulosetheoneyouwantedCausehe’stakenyouforgrantedAndeverythingyouhadgotdestroyed.BeyonceIfIIfIwereaboyI’drolloutofbedinthemorning.If

IwereaboyIthinkIcouldunderstandhowitfeelstoloveagirl.Thesesentencesrefertoawishthatcan’tbetrue.（不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）IfIfeeldepressedIwillsing.

IfIfeelsadIwilllaugh.

IffeeluncertainIwillraisemyvoice.Thesesentencesrefertoatruesituation.（一個(gè)事實(shí)）subjunctivemoodisusuallyusedtotalkaboutthesituationsthatarenottrueornotlikelytobecometrue.表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望或推測(cè)。theSubjunctiveMood

in“if”clause

虛擬語(yǔ)氣在“if”條件句中的用法IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.IfI

livedonthemoonatpresent,Imightseethebeauty—Chang’e.【Findtherules（自我發(fā)現(xiàn)）】If…_________sth,…__________________sth.were/did（過去式）would/could/might/shoulddo（動(dòng)詞原形）1.Contrarytothepresent（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）1.Ifit

(be)finenow,I

(go)shopping.werewouldgo【即學(xué)即用】2.IfI

(have)alotofmoney,

I

(help)thosepoorpeople

.hadwouldhelpwouldbe3.Ifeveryone__________(live)alow-carbonlifenow,theearth_________(be)saved.livedIfyouhadattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldhavemether.Ifthedoctorhadcome

lastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.If…_________sth,…________________

sth.2.Contrarytothepast（與過去事實(shí)相反）

haddone（過去完成）would/could/might/shouldhavedone

（現(xiàn)在完成）【Findtherules（自我發(fā)現(xiàn)）】4.IfI_______(have)timelastnight,I____________(see)

Man

From

the

Stars.wouldhaveseenhadhad【即學(xué)即用】5.Ifhe_________

(drive)morecarefully,he

____________________________________(nothave)anaccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfIhadtimenextweek,Iwouldhelpyou.IfIshouldhavetimenextweek,Iwouldhelpyou.IfIweretohavetimenextweek,Iwouldhelpyou.If…_________sth,…_________________sth.would/could/might/shoulddo（原形）3.Contrarytothefuture（與將來事實(shí)相反）

didweretodoshoulddo【Findtherules（自我發(fā)現(xiàn)）】

6.Ifit____________________________(be)ChristmasDaytomorrow,I_____________(get)somegifts.were

/should/weretobewouldget

【即學(xué)即用】7.Ifyou_______________________(get)afullmarknexttime,I_____________(treat)youtocandies.

got/weretoget/shouldgetwouldtreat

Mark:

100

總結(jié)：if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形即：If+一般過去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形注意以下問題：1.

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句2.(if省略)倒裝虛擬條件句3.含蓄條件句

1.

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形即：If+一般過去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞即：If+過去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句即：if虛擬條件句與主句的時(shí)間不一致。1).Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）2.

在虛擬條件句中，如果條件句中有were,had（助動(dòng)詞）或should時(shí)，可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但if必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于句首。

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.

Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.Ifwehadworkedharder,wewouldhavewonthegame.

Hadweworkedharder,wewouldhavewonthegame.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.=WereIyou,Iwouldstudyhard.(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣3.

含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。含蓄條件句

(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（獨(dú)立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto(了解即可)consideration,…(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（連詞）直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(5)用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句．常用的介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,…=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,…虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣二.

名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一“堅(jiān)持”(insist),二“命令”(order,command),四“建議”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五“要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)

+(that)sb(should)do...（主動(dòng)）

(that)sb/sth(should)bedone（被動(dòng)）

1.賓語(yǔ)從句shoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)持要我與他同行。他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。老師要求作業(yè)要及時(shí)完成。Wesuggested___________________.Heinsisted_________________________.Theyrequested(that)Tom

_________________________________.(that)Tomhavearest(that)I

(should)gowithhim(should)besent

toworkthereTheteacherasked(that)ourhomework

_________________________________.(should)befinishedintimeItisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded…that…(should)doThe/One’sinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire

is/wasthat…(should)doa/thesuggestion

/request(等)

that…(should)do…

主語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句2.這些動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用shoulddoItissuggestedthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestion

thatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.3.

wish的賓語(yǔ)從句1.wish的賓語(yǔ)從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

一般過去時(shí)(be用were)與過去事實(shí)相反:

過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反:

would/could+V.原

shouldIwishI

_____(be)

astallasYaoMing.wereIwish/wishedI

______(havenot)

eatensomuchwatermelon.hadn’tIwishit

______(will)

raintomorrow.Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.wouldHewisheshe___________________(become)ascientistsomeday.could/wouldbecome三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型與固定句式:1.wouldrather寧愿，但愿sbdid…與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r相反sbhaddone…與過去情況相反Iwouldratheryoureturnedmemymoneynow.

Iwouldratherwehadn’ttoldherthebadnews.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.2.asif/asthough思考：asif/asthough后面的句子是主句還是從句？Hebehavesasifhe______(own)

thehouse.owned1).從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(可以理解成與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Hebehavesasifhe______(be)

theownerofthehouse.wereShetalkedaboutRomeasthoughshe

__________

(be)thereherself.hadbeen2).從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前(可以理解成與過去事實(shí)相反)Hecoughed(咳嗽)twiceasifsomeonewouldcome.

他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。3).從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后(可以理解成與將來事實(shí)相反)總結(jié)asif/asthough與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

一般過去時(shí)(be用were)與過去事實(shí)相反:

過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反:

would/could

+

V.原

(了解)should與wish的賓語(yǔ)從句相似3.Itis(high/about)time

(that)“是時(shí)候…...(做某事)”

注意:should不能省略．sbdidsbshoulddo是時(shí)候采取措施來保護(hù)環(huán)境了。Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.你該走了。It’s(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.4.在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

It’snecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理應(yīng)如此的)/important…+thatsb(should)do1).Itisimportantthatwe________________(master)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來參加party。

It’s_______thatshe_______________tocometotheparty.3).鳥在樹上安歇/休息是很自然的。

Itis______thatabird_______________intrees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest5.Ifonly…!要是……就好了Ifonly與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

一般過去時(shí)(be用were)與過去事實(shí)相反:

過去完成時(shí)Ifonlyitstoppedrainingnow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!總結(jié)wish,wouldrather,asif/asthough,ifonly表虛擬時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)是：時(shí)態(tài)往后退一步，同if虛擬條件句四.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬1.本想/打算做某事卻沒做

2.本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做

3.本不該做某事卻做了

4.本能夠做某事卻沒做

5.寧愿過去做了某事卻沒做

6.最好過去做了某事卻沒做

7.本不必做某事卻做了wouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedonecouldhavedonewouldratherhavedonehadbetterhavedoneneedn’thavedonemusthavedonemighthavedonecan’t/couldn’thavedone過去肯定發(fā)生了…過去可能發(fā)生了…過去不可能發(fā)生…1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.if五.可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況insist/suggest各有兩種意思，用不同的語(yǔ)氣insist:“堅(jiān)決/持要求”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即shoulddo;insist:“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說”用陳述語(yǔ)氣suggest:“建議”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示”用陳述語(yǔ)氣1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________(practise)moreafterclass.2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_____(be)illtoday.3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________(get)thereontimebyanymeans.4.Heinsistedthathe_____________(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.他堅(jiān)持說他沒偷鉆石，應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadn’tstolenasif/asthoughWhen

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,it

looks

as

if

itwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.If引導(dǎo)的條件句a.if真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b.if虛擬條件句

表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。ExerciseIadvisedthatyou___thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish2Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould3.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwent

B.won'tgo

C.notgo

D.nottogo

4.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished5.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe___ill.AbeBwas