unit1直接引語和間接

Unit1Friendship語法編稿：陳玉 概念引入Johnsaid,“I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyShesaid,"DoyouoftencomeheretoreadIaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilm我問他“你今晚是待在家還是去看“Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?”he從上述四個例句看出引號內(nèi)是直接別人的原話這種句子為直接引語JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisSheaskedmeif(whether)IoftenwenttheretoreadIaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthat我問他那天晚上是待在家還是去看Headvisedmetotakeawalkafter用法講解【課堂：直接引語和間接引語P1，“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”said (Direct安妮說：“我不想在中記。Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsina (Indirect安妮說她不想在中記Anne’ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledher (Indirect“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Anne’ssisterasked (Direct從上述例句可以看出，第一句話是別人的話；第二句是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。第三句也是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的文化，第四句話是直接別人的問題。由此可知，引述別人的話有兩種方式。I.引述別人的話有兩種方式一是使用引號引出別人的原話被的句子叫直接引語；“Inevereatmeat,”heexined. Kittysaidshewouldwaitanotherday.（間接引語）“Whoisit?”Wilsonshouted. Iobjectedthatshewastooyoungforthe我表示，她對于這個職位來說太年輕了（間接引語，object意為“”，沒有用said，但同樣是引出這個人所說的話“Ipresume,”hecommented,“thatshewilllearnhowtodoitin（直接引語，comment意為“做出評價”人稱變指示代詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、少數(shù)動詞和時間狀語變陳述特別注意句子的意義。主句的引述動詞主要有say,l,repeat,exin,think等。Shesaid,“Ourtrainwillarriveinfive 他說：“我們的火車內(nèi)到。→Shesaid(that)theirtrainwouldarriveinfive 他說他們的火車內(nèi)到Hesaid,“I’mvery →Hesaid(that)hewasvery 人稱的變化(一隨主，二隨賓，三不更新Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshopwithme.”她說：“我兄弟想跟我一起購物?！鶶hesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshopwithher.她說她兄弟想跟她一起購物 →Itoldhimthathehadlefthisbookinmy 我，他把書落在我的房間里Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagood史密斯先生說：“杰克是個好工人?！鶰r.SmithsaidJackwasagoodthatthatthatLindasaiddisappointedlythatwhenshearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadysaid,hadleftthatthatHesaid(that)hewasleavingforEuropethenextweekandthathewouldstaythereforhalfa （that不能省略）■一般現(xiàn)在時→Mothersaid,“Jackisagood 說：“杰克是個好孩子?！鶰othersaidthatJackwasagoodboy.說杰克是個好孩子現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時→Shesaid,Iamreadinga →Shesaidshewasreadinga 現(xiàn)在完成時→“Ihaven’theardfrommyparentsthesedays,”said→Marysaidthatshehadn’theardfromherparentsthose瑪麗說那些日子她沒有收到父母的來信。一般過去時→Theysaid,“Wecaughtthethiefinthe他們說：“我們在街上抓到賊了?！鶷heysaidthattheyhadcaughtthethiefinthe一般將來時→Shesaid“Iwillgotoseemy →Shesaidshewouldgotoseeher 她說她將去看朋友過去完成Shesaid,“IhadcalledhimbeforeIcame 她說：“我來這兒前給他打了?！鶶hesaidthatshehadcalledhimbeforeshewent 她說她去那兒前給他打了但要注意在以下幾種情況下，在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化直接引語是客觀真理、格言時“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”theteachertold老師告訴我們：“地球繞著轉(zhuǎn)?！鶷heteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthe老師告訴我們地球繞著轉(zhuǎn)直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthe杰克問：“→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthe直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,小王說：“1980421日?！鶻iaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980421變。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixevery 他說：“天早上六點(diǎn)起床。Hesaidhegetsupatsixevery 如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時（例如could,should,would,might，時態(tài)不再變。Petersaid,Youhadbettercomehere PetersaidIhadbettergotherethat 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動詞的變時間狀語：nowthen;todaythatday;thisevening/tonight→thatevening/thatnight;yesterdaythedaybefore;threedaysago→threedaysbefore;nextweek→thenextweek;tomorrow→thenextday;thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays’time;thedaybefore→twodays地點(diǎn)狀語：here指示代詞：thisthat;these方向性動詞：come→go；bring→注意：如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必改為there,come不必改為go；如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday,tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變。Thelawyersaid,“Iwillcomethis→Thelawyersaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Shesaid,“Itisnineo’clocknow.”→Shesaidthatitwasnineo’clockBobsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedays→Bobsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore/earlier.Davidsaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”→Davidsaidthathehadn’tseenherthatShesaid,“Iwentthere→Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.Shesaid,“Iwillgotheretomorrow.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.Thecaptainsaid,“Theywillarrivethedayaftertomorrow.”→Thecaptainsaidthattheywouldarriveintwodays’Shesaid,“Icameheretoseethedoctorthedaybefore→Shesaidthatshehadgonetheretoseethedoctortwodays總結(jié)直接引語改間接引“過四關(guān)”：去掉引號后，被轉(zhuǎn)述部分事實(shí)上是一個含賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句（祈使句除外：主語+謂語+引導(dǎo)詞（that/whether/if/wh-）+作賓語的句子。引導(dǎo)詞（判斷句子類別，選擇引導(dǎo)詞：that/whether/if特殊疑問詞注意：say,“Ididit,”he→Headmittedthathehaddone “Hewasrudetome,”she→Shecominedhe’dbeenrudetoher.她抱怨他對她粗魯“Youarelate,”he→HewhisperedthatIwas 他小聲嘀咕著我了“Icanspeaksixlanguages,”he→Heboastedhecouldspeaksixlanguages.“Youhadbetterhurry,Bill.”he→HeadvisedBilltohurry.“Shallwemeetattwo?”he→Hesuggestedmeetingattwo.“ShallIdoitforyou?”he→Heofferedtodoitforme.“Couldyouhelpus?”he→Heaskedmetohelpthem.疑問句一般疑問句直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，謂語動詞saysaid時，要改為ask或asked，原問句變成由連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。沒有間接賓語的可以根據(jù)“Doyouthinkadiary eyourfriend?”thewriter你認(rèn)為能成為你的朋友→Thewriterasksusifwethinkadiary eour作家問我們是否我們認(rèn)為能成為我們的朋友Hesaid,“Areyouinterestedin 他說：“你對英語感嗎→Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedin 他問我是否對英語感Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlast 她說：“→Sheasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenight“HasheeverworkedinShanghai?”Jim “他在工作過嗎？”吉姆問→Jimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai.吉姆問他是否在工作過“Can lmethewaytothehospital?”Theoldman那個老人問：“→TheoldmanaskedwhetherI lhimthewaytothe那個老人問我是否能去醫(yī)院的路特殊疑問直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.他問我：“→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.他問要什么?！癢hatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Anne’ssisteraskedher.安妮的姐姐問她：“你稱呼你的為什么？”→Anne’ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledher安妮的姐姐問她稱呼為什么“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”Fathersaidto父親對安妮說：“→FatheraskedAnnewhenshewenttobedthenight“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”He →HeaskedmewhichroomIlived “Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheaskedher 她問：“你怎么看這部→Sheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthe 她問朋友怎么看這部選擇疑問選擇疑問句變間接引語時，把問句部分變?yōu)閣hether…or引導(dǎo)的賓語從Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotoseeafilm我問