跨文化交際視聽(tīng)說(shuō)案例分析

Case1

XiaoLIandXiaoWangwerecolleagues?.?XiaoLIgavealotofhelptoXiao

Wangfinanciall??yandsocia?lly.Recently?XiaoLIwould?getmarri?ed.Butheforg

ot?invit?ingXiaoWangattend?hisweddi?ng.Later?XiaoWanggotinfor?matio?nab

out?XiaoLI’weddi?ngandsentRMB500YuantoXiaoLI.

Question:?Whatcultural?phenom?enon?canberefle?cted?Why?

InChinese?cultu?reinflu?enced?byConfuciani??sm,ifsomeo?nedoesafavor?fo

ryou,youshoul?dretur?nthefavor?tothem.Thisisverycommo?nforChine?se

people..In?thephilo?sophy?ofConfuciani??smRecip?rocit?yarethebaseofrelat?ion

ships.?Grati?tudeandindebtedne?ss?areimportant?parts?ofChine?secultu?re.Ifa

perso?nfeels?uneasy?tobeindeb?tedofsomeone,?payba?ckisneces?sarytoachi

e?vebalance?intherelat?ionship.?

Case2

AnEngli?shguest?:Eachtimeanewdisharriv?edhisparen?tswould?leanov

erandloadmyplate?withtasty?morsels.?Astheyhadtaken?allthetroub?letoc

ookitIjusthadtopolis?hitoff.Assoonasmyplate?wasempty?theywould?pu

tmoreon.Ofcourse,?Ifeltduty-bound?toeatthattoo.

AChinese?guest:?Canyouimagine?howmanydishe?sIhad?Onlyone--

astewwithmeatandvegetables??.Themeatwasoverdoneandtoohardtoe

at;green?vegetables??werenolonger?green.?Theynever?putfoodonyourplate?

butjustaskyoutohelpyours?elf.Ifyou,asaguest?,areshyormodes?t,waiti?

ngforthefoodtobeputonyourplate,?youwillremai?nhalf-starv?ed.

Question:?Arethere?anydiffe?rences?inhospi?talit?ybetwe?enaChine?seand

Engli?sh?Whatarethereasons??

Yes.TheChinese?stude?ntfeltdisap?point?edatBriti?shhospi?talit?ybecau?ses

heusedtheChinese?wayofshowing?hospi?talit?ytojudge?theBriti?shone.Inth

estory?takin?gplace?inChina,?thewesterner?could?n'timagi?nethatthere?shoul?

dbesixte?endishe?sprepared?forher.Whensheatefromtheeight?colddishe?s

,shecould?n'teatanymore.?Itisbecau?seaWeste?rnmealnorma?llysever?sone

maincours?eplusastart?erandsweets?ordesse?rts.Thefactisthatdiffe?rentp

eopl?eintheworld?showtheir?diffe?renthospi?talit?yindiffe?rentways.

Case3

LiLanhadanAmerican?frien?dSusan.?Theyusual?lyhadlunch?toget?heran

dLiLanoften?asked?Susan?foradvic?eonprobl?emsshefaced?adjus?tingtoAm

eri?cansocie?ty.Susan?gaveLiLanalotofadvic?eandhelpe?dhertoimpro?vehe

rEngli?sh.OnceLiLanneeded?urgently?abigsumofmoney?topayhertuiti?on

fee.Since?shehasnoother?frien?dsintheState?s,sheturne?dtoSusan?forhelp

andpromised?thatshewould?retur?nthemoney?soon.

ToLiLan’sgreat?disap?point?ment,thistimeSusan?didn’tseemhappy?tole

ndthemoney?toher.Though?LiLanretur?nedthemoney?asshepromi?sed,the

ydidn’tgetalong?wellfromthenon.

Question:?WhydidLiLanfeelunple?asant??

LiLanasked?toborro?wmoney?fromherAmeri?canfrien?dSusan?,which?isr

arel?ypartofWeste?rnfrien?dship?.LiLanandSusan?havediffe?rentexpec?tatio?ns

offrien?dship?.

IntheWest,people?prefe?rtobeindep?enden?tandequal?rathe?rthandepe

n?dent,sotheydon'tfeelcomfo?rtabl?einarelat?ionsh?ipinwhich?oneperso?ngiv

es?moreandtheother?perso?nisdepen?dentonwhatisgiven?.Among?frien?dst

heymostly?provi?deemotional?support?toeachother?andspend?timetoget?her,

sotheyrarel?yborro?worlendmoney?toeachother?.Theywould?askforaloan

fromthebankrather?thanfromtheir?frien?ds.

While?inChina?,peopl?eexpect?their?frien?dstobeloyal?toeachother?,andt

heyeventakerisks?fortheir?frien?ds.Sotheywould?givenotonlyemoti?onals

upport?toeachother?butalsoconcr?etehelptoeachother?,suchashelpi?ngtof

indajob,solvi?ngaprobl?em,orevengiving?money?tohelponeoutoveralon

gperio?doftime.Sowhenafrien?disinneed,thefirst?perso?nheorshewants?

toaskforhelpisnatur?allyhis/herfrien?d.

Case4

In1997,aDanis?hwoman?fromCopenhagen?lefther14-month?-

oldbabygirlinastrlleroutsi?deaManha?ttanresta?urant?while?shewasinsid?e.

Other?diner?sattheresta?urant?becameconce?rnedandcalle?dNewYorkCityP

olic?e.Thewoman?wascharg?edwithendan?gerin?gachild?andwasjaile?dfortw

onight?s.Herchild?wasplace?dinfost?rcare.Thewoman?andtheDanis?hcons

u?lateexpla?inedthatleavi?ngchild?renunatt?ended?outsi?decafes?iscommoninD

enma?rk.Pictu?reswerewired?tothepolic?eshowi?ngnumer?ousstrol?lersparke?d

outsi?decafes?while?paren?tswereeatin?ginsid?e.

Quest?ion:Whatcultu?ralpheno?menon?canberefle?cted?

Thiscaserefle?ctsoneofthebarr?erstotheeffe?tiveinter?cultu?ralcommu

icat?ion----

assum?ingsimil?arity?inste?adofdiff?rence?.InAmeri?cancultu?re,itisilleg

aren?tstoleave?their?babyalone?.Where?asitiscommo?nplac?eforparen?tstole

ave?their?babyalone?inDanis?hcultu?re.TheDanis?hwoman?hadassum

n

alforp

edthat

Copen?hagen?issimi?artoNewYork,thatwhatiscommonlydoneinCopen?hag

en?isalsocommo?nlydoneinNewYork.

Case5

Descr?ibing?thediffe?rence?sofverba?lcommu

sepeopl?eandAmeri?canpeopl?e.Takeexamp

TheChine?seshout?beloudwhentalki?ngabout?every?thing?.Direc?teye-

conta?ctisrarewhenspeak?ingperso?ntoperso?n.Count?ingonyourfinge?rsisdi

ffe?rent.Inste?adofjustholdingoutthenumbe?roffinge?rsontwohands?asin

Ameri?ca,theChine?sehavespeci?ficfinge?rsigns?fornumbe?rsonetoten.

Toindic?ateyours?elf,Ameri?canstendtousetheir?thumb?orforef?inger?and

point?atortouch?their?chest?.Chine?sepeopl?eusual?lypoint?attheir?nosewitht

heir?index?finge?rtodoso.Chine?sepeopl?efeelnocompu?nctio?nagain?ststaring

atother?peopl?eforlongperi?dsoftime.Young?peopl?e,bothboysandgirls?u

ptotheageof21,engag?esinallmanne?rofrough?-

housi?ng,often?hitt?ngeachother?.Women?often?walkarmandarmdownthes

tree?ts.Menandmenholdhands?orembra?ceshoul?dersastheywalkoutsi?de.

Nothi?ngiswrong?withthatiftheyarefriends.

Case6

XieLiandTomhavebeenworkin?gonascien?tific?exper?iment?ataBriti?shu

nive?rsity?forsomemonths.?Ithasnotbeentota?lysucce?ssful?.Theyarediscu?s

sing?thesitua?tioninthelabor?atory?.

XieLi:Idon’tknowwhere?itwentwrong!?

Tom:Don’tfeelsobad.Cheer?up;you’vedoneyourjob.

XieLi:Butourexper?iment?hasturned?outtobeafailu?re.

Tom:Relax?foracoupl?eofdays.I’llfacethemusic?.

XieLi:Tom,wearenotplayi?ngchild?ren’sgames?here.Thisisascien?tific?

experiment??.

Tom:I’venever?taken?theexperiment??aschild?’splayandI’mplayi?ngthe

game.

XieLi:Yousayyou’replayi?ngthegame!It’sarathe?rimpor?tantexper?ime

nt?!

XieLiwalks?outofthelabor?atory?angri?ly.Tomispuzzl?ed.

Question:?What’stheprobl?eminthiscase?

Idiomatic?phras?esareoften?misinterpr??eted.InEngli?sh,facethemusic?mea

ns?:facereali?tyandtaketheconsequenc?e?andplaythegamemeans?:abide?co

mpetitio??nrules?.HereXieLimisin?terpr?etedtwoidiom?aticphras?esTomused.F

irst?hethought?thatTomdidn’ttakethefailu?reoftheexper?iment?serio?uslyan

dwanted?toescap?efromit,becau?sehewould?“facethemusic”;secon?dly,he

misinterpr??etedTom’s“playi?ngthegame”asthathehadn’tdonetheexper?ime

nt?serio?usly,which?might?leadtoitsfailu?re.

Case7

Ayoung?Chine?seoffic?er,toget?herwithhiswife,wasmeeti?nganAmeri?canconsu?ltant?

atanairpo?rt.Afterphati??ccommunicat??ion,theconsu?ltant?compl?iment?edhimonhis

wifeoutofpoliteness??,?“Yourwifeisbeaut?iful!”?The?offic?erfeltembar?rasse?dandsaid,

“Where?!Where?!”（哪里！哪里?。癢here?!Where?!”theconsu?ltant?was

puzzl?edandhadtosay,“Fromheadtofoot.”

Quest?ion:Whatwentwrong?inthecaseandWhy?

Inthiscase,thewordsoftheChine??seconve?yedamessa?gequite?diffe?rentfromwhat

wasinten?ded.TheChine?seoffic?erwould?besuspe?cted?of?“fishi?ngforcompl?iment?s”?

eventhoug?htheremar?ksmight?havebeenquite?since?rebecau?setheconsu?ltant?was

almos?tforce?dto?say?“Your?wife?is?beaut

ifulfromheadtofoot.?”?Force?dcompl?iment?s

likethiscanleaveabadtaste??inthemouth?.Becau?seasfarastherespo?nsestoprais?e

andcompl?imentsisconce??rned,there?aregreat?diffe?rence?betwe?enChine?sepeopl?e

andnativ?eEngli?shspeak?ers.Nativ?eEngli?shspeak?ers,espec?ially?Ameri?canstendto

verba?lizetheir?compl?imentsandaccep??tthem,where?astheChine?setendtoeffac?e

thems?elves?toshowmodes?t.Incontrast,nativ?eEngli??shspeak?ers,inthesame

situa?tion,willsayThankyouorThank??youforsayingsoorThank??salot,etc.to

ackno?wledg?eandaccep?tthethank?sasakindofrecog?nitio?noftheir?indiv?idual?effor?ts.

Case8

Ayoung?Chine?sewomaninU.Swascompl??imentedbyanAmeri??canwoman?forthe

lovel?ydress?shewasweari?ng:"It'sexquisite.Thecolor??saresobeaut?iful!"shewas

pleas?edbutsomewhatembar??rasse?d.IntypicalChine??sefashi?on,sherepli?ed,"Oh,it's

justanordinarydress??Ibough?tinChina?."

Quest?ion:Whatwentwrong?inthecaseandWhy?

Case9

Amarri?edcoupl?earegoing?tovisitafrien??d.Theyhavebeendrivi?ngaroun?dforsome

timelooki?ngforthestreet.Bisangry?becau??seArefus?estostopandaskdirec?tionof

someone.?

Quest?ion:Whatcultu?ralpheno?menon?canberefle?cted?

Thiscasereflectsthemascu??lineemphasisonmaint??ainin?gauton?omyandnot

appea?ringweakorincom?peten?t.Menarelesslikelythanwomen??toseekdirec?tions?

fromother?s.Partofthereasonforthismaywelllieinsensi??tivit?yofmentoissue?sof

statu?s.Fromthepersp?ectiv?etoaskforinform?atio?nandhelpfromother?simpli?esthat

theperso?naskin?gisinfer?ior.Fromawoman?'spoint?ofview,howev?er,shari?ng

infor?matio?nisawayofcemen?tingbonds?.

Case10

Dedri?ckandMelit?ahavebeendatin?gfortwoyearsandareveryserio??us.To

celeb?ratetheir?anniv?ersar?yMelit?awants?tospend?aquiet?eveni?nginherapart?ment

wheretheycantalkabout?therelat??ionsh?ipandbealone?witheachother?.When

Dedri?ckarriv?es,he'splannedtodineoutandgotoaconce??rt.Melit?afeels?hurtthat

hedoesn?'twanttotalkandspendtheeveni??ngalone?withher.

Quest?ion:could?youexpla?inthediff?rence?sincommu?nicat?ionbetwe?enmenand

women??

Case11

AFilip?inocoupl?ewasvacat?ionin?ginEngla?nd.While?theywerestrol?lingalong?oneof

themainstree?tsofLondo?nwithaBritishacqua??intan?ce,theymetanoth?erFil?inpo

whohadbeenresid?ingthere?forsometime.Hewasagoodfrien?dfromthepast,

whohasnotseenforseveralyears??.Theygreet?edeachother?warml?yandconti?nued

their?conversati??oninaloudandanima?tedfashi?onusing?their?nativ?elangu?age.After?

awhile?theBritishbecam?enotic??eably?agita?ted,andturne?dhisheadawayandsighe?d.

The

Filip?inosnotic?edthereact?ion,andthenresum?edtheir?conve?rsati?onbutinaqu