2022中考英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

/06/6/關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句——關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句【關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句】（一）、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分（二）、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?【總結(jié)】：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whom／whowhichthat定語(yǔ)whose（＝ofwhom）whose（＝ofwhich）1.Thisisthedoctor_____________camefromLondon.2.The2.Thebook___________________IamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.3.Thedesk_________________legisbrokenisveryold.4.Thisistheroom______________Shakespearewasbornin.二、使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1．如果先行詞是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthatarepresentburstintotears.2．如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that，不用which。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.3．which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思與andthis相似。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.4．先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.5．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。例如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.像listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.典型例題()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.AwhichBhisCwhoseDwith()6、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat()7、Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()8、Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom()9、ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what()10、—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?—Sheismylittlesister.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which三、課后練習(xí)()1.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()2.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?A.thatB.whenC.where()3.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.A.whenB.whichC.who()4.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who()5.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when()6.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.A.whoB.whichC.whose()7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whom()8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_______workshard.A.whichB./C.whomD.who()9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_______havegreatlyrics.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom()10.Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions_______theirstudentsuseindailylife.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom()11.Thebridge____abigshipcangohasbeenbuilt.A.underwhichB.underthatC.inwhichD.onwhich()12.Thebook____istornismine.A.thecoverofwhichB.thecoverofthatC.whichthecoverD.whosecoverof()13.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschool____hehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich()14.Youhaveseenthegirl____sisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich()15.Weshoulddoall____isusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which()16.Wecametoaplace____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich()17.Those____finisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have()19.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()20.Iwenttotheschool____myfatheronceworked.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.onwhich()21.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_________hasagreateffecton