2022年考研外語考試真題及答案89

年考研外語考試真題及答案

一、選擇題

1、第1題：請選擇(1)處最佳答案（）。

A.selected

B.prepared

C.obliged

D.pleased

2、第2題請選擇(2)處最佳答案（）。

A.unique

B.particular

C.special

D.rare

3、第3題請選擇(3)處最佳答案（）。

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.against

4、第4題請選擇(4)處最佳答案（）。

A.subsequently

B.presently

C.previously

D.lately

5、第5題請選擇(5)處最佳答案（）。

A.Only

B.So

C.Even

D.Hence

6、第6題請選擇(6)處最佳答案（）。

A.thought

B.sight

C.cost

D.risk

7、第7題請選擇(7)處最佳答案（）。

A.advises

B.suggests

C.protests

D.objects

8、第8題請選擇(8)處最佳答案（）。

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

9、第9題請選擇(9)處最佳答案（）。

A.attaining

B.common

C.mean

D.calculating

10、第10題請選擇(10)處最佳答案（）。

A.normal

B.common

C.mean

D.total

11、第11題請選擇(11)處最佳答案（）。

A.unconsciously

B.disproportionately

C.indefinitely

D.unaccountably

12、第12題請選擇(12)處最佳答案（）。

A.missions

B.fortunes

C.interests

D.careers

13、第13題請選擇(13)處最佳答案（）。

A.affirm

B.witness

C.observe

D.approve

14、第14題請選擇(14)處最佳答案（）。

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.meanwhile

15、第15題：請選擇(15)處最佳答案（）。

v

16、第16題請選擇(16)處最佳答案（）。

A.assessing

B.supervising

C.administering

D.valuing

17、第17題請選擇(17)處最佳答案（）。

A.development

B.origin

C.consequence

D.instrument

18、第18題請選擇(18)處最佳答案（）。

A.linked

B.integrated

C.woven

D.combined

19、第19題請選擇(19)處最佳答案（）。

A.limited

B.subjected

C.converted

D.directed

20、第20題請選擇(20)處最佳答案（）。

A.paradoxical

B.incompatible

C.inevitable

D.continuous

二、閱讀理解（1）

1、第21題：Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

B.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

C.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

D.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

2、第22題：Dr.Yehuda\'\'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen

A.Needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

B.Havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

C.Aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

D.Areexposedtomorestress.

3、

AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe

A．domesticandtemporary.

B．irregularandviolent.

C．durableandfrequent.

D．trivialandrandom.

4、第24題ThesentenceIlivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.（Line6,Para.5）showsthat

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez''ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

5、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．StrainofStress:NoWayOut？

B．ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C．StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D．GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

6、依據(jù)下列文章，回答26～30題。

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthorsnamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD）hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemaininstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalform.ofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

第26題Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

B.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

C.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

D.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

7、

WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?

A．Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.

B．Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

C．Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

D．Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.

8、

Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat

A．itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

B．itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.

C．itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

D．itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.

9、

Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto

A．coverthecostofitspublication.

B．subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

C．a(chǎn)llowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

D．completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

10、第30題Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

B.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

C.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

D.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

11、依據(jù)下列文章，回答31～35題。

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today''speople-especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we''veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight-5′9〞formen,5′4〞forwomen-hasn''treallychangedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon''texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC．Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.

第31題WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto

A.illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

B.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S……

C.comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

D.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

12、

Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?

A．Geneticmodification.

B．Naturalenvironment.

C．Livingstandards.

D．Dailyexercise.

13、

Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

A．Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.

B．Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.

C．Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.

D．Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.

14、

Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture

A．thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniform.size.

B．thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.

C．genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.

D．theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.

15、

Thetextintendstotellusthat

A．thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.

B．humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.

C．Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.

D．thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.

16、依據(jù)下列文章，回答36～40題。

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That'safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong-andyetmostdidlittletofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas"likehavingalargebankaccount,"saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe"peculiarinstitution,"includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.

Andthestatesmen'spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings'schildren-thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.

第36題GeorgeWashington'sdentalsurgeryismentionedto

A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthe