高考英語名詞性從句講解學(xué)案

高考英語名詞性從句講解考點(diǎn)分析非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中英語的基礎(chǔ)；具體在語法填空、翻譯中以具體題目出現(xiàn)；熟練運(yùn)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，對(duì)于寫作的基礎(chǔ)和語匯上的豐富，也是非常大的提高。專題詳解i.主語從旬1.that從句作主語通常用it作形式主語，常見的此類主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)有1)“1t+be+名詞（如apity/fact/problem/shame/surprise,nowonder等）+that從句”2)“It十be十形容詞(如natural,certain,clear,obvious,evident,necessary,true,likely,probable,possible,strangeimportant等)+that從句”注：當(dāng)形容詞是important,natural,necessary,strange,essential,surprising等時(shí)，從句謂語用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。3)“It+不及物動(dòng)詞（如seems,turnsout,happens,appears,follows,occurstosb等）+that從句”4)"It+be過去分詞(如：known,said,reported,believed,announced,accepted,found,claimed,declared,thought,hoped,suggested等)+that從句”當(dāng)過去分詞是suggested,demanded,required,commanded,recommended,ordered等詞時(shí)，從句謂語用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。2.wh-從句1)表示“是否”意義時(shí)，只能用whether不能用if引導(dǎo)主語從句。2)it經(jīng)常用來作形式主語，而把wh-從句放在句尾。3)wh-從句經(jīng)?？梢苑旁诰涫?。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) A.What...why D.Why...that A.while B.that C.if D.for A.that C.what D.how C.That D.What wewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet. C.What wewilldo.A.That...that B.What...what C.Whatever...that D.As...as A.Who A.Who apitythatIdidn'tseeyoulastweek.A.That's B.What's C.It's D.There's C./ wegoswimmingeverydayA.If...do B.That...do C.That...does D.If...does D.One ed. It'sknowntous B.that D.how A.this B.that C.he D.it electricityistrue.A.Tducing B.TduceC.Tducing D.Tduces B.what C.that D.how A.that B.if C.what C.How A.If B.That C.What Itdoesn'tmatter A.who A.That A.What...is B.Whether...areC.That...is D.If...is A.That D.How A.That...whether.../ B.What...if...thatC.That...if...what D.What...whether.../Keys:1-5ABCAD6-10BBDCA11-15CBBBD16-20BBDAD21-25ACCDDii.賓語從句1.動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句1)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動(dòng)詞有admit,agree,answer,believe,decide,declare,expect,explain,feel,hear,hope,intend,insist,mean,notice90rder,remember,reply,say,suggest,think,wish等2)wh-，if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后常接wh-，if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動(dòng)詞有advise，ask，discuss，doubt，findout，imagine，inform,1nquire,know,question,tell,understand,wonder，出scover等。3)“動(dòng)詞十間接賓語+賓語從句”常使用此類結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有advise，ask，inform，promise，question，remind，show，teach，tell，warn，assure等。4)“動(dòng)詞+it十形容詞／名詞+that從句”常見的后接it作形式賓語的動(dòng)詞有find，feel，think，believe，make，consider等。5)it作形式賓語的特殊句型常見的有：seetoitthat...；hateitthat...；oweittosb.that...；takeitforgrantedthat.2.形容詞后賓語從句后常接賓語從句的形容詞有：anxious，aware，certain，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,pleased,content,proud,annoyed,convinced，confident等。3.介詞后賓語從句后常接賓語從句的介詞有on，about，in，but，except等。4.賓語從句需要注意的問題1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，賓語從句可根據(jù)句子意思選擇用所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。2)當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，賓語從句必須用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。3)但是當(dāng)賓語從句表達(dá)的是普遍真理或客觀規(guī)律時(shí)，賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4)當(dāng)主句謂語是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等，賓語從句的意義是否定時(shí)，not要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中；但當(dāng)從句有否定意義的never，．seldom，hardly，scarcely等詞時(shí)，否定詞不轉(zhuǎn)移。5)主句中謂語是think，believe，suppose，ex》ect，imagine，guess等，同時(shí)，wh-連詞引導(dǎo)的表示疑問的賓語從句，應(yīng)將連詞wh-置于主句前面，主句若是疑問語序，從句語序不變。例如：Whendoyouthinkhewillcomeback?Doyouthinkwhenhewillcomeback?(錯(cuò)句）6)當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是wish時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞是suggest，demand，require等詞時(shí)，從句要用可省略should的虛擬語氣。7)if?？纱鎤hether，但是當(dāng)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，只能用whether。8)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that?？墒÷?，但是當(dāng)兩個(gè)that從句由and或or連接時(shí)，第二個(gè)從句的that不能省略。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) A.that B.what D.where A.wouldsolve...once B.workedout...them D.wouldsettle...but wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanA.What...whatB.What...that D.That...what B.what C.that D.which B.takeitasgranted D.grantit specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassix C.that D.which A.that B.it C.which D.this . A.who D.whatever ? B.thenearestbusstopislocated D.locatedisthenearestbusstop —No,butIwishI .A.did B.went C.had D.would . Idon'tdoubt B.if C.that D.what A.if B.what C.which A.that B.what A.why B.that C.what D.if A.however D.whatever .A.thematterwasB.thewrongwasC.wasthematterD.wasthewrong Wedon'tcare A.whether B.if D.that A.it B.that C.what D.which A.that B.as C.why Mr.WangistogiveusareportonA.that B.what D.which A.exceptwhat B.exceptthat C.exceptfor D.except .A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis ,butin . C.whatdoyouget...whatdoyougiveD.whatyouget...whatyougive waystation.A.where B.what C.that D.which D.whoever A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever Youcan'timagine B.howexcitedtheywere D.theywerehowexcited A.any...who C.whatever...whom D.every...who Hiswordsdon'tagreewiththebossasksfor,sowedon'tknowwhattodo.A.what D.when A.what...that B.that...that C.what...what D.that...what A.that B.for D.what A.wouldsee C.willseeD.see —IblamedMaryyesterday.—Iwouldratheryou .A.didn'tdothat B.hadn'tdonethatC.wouldn'tdothat D.shouldn'thavedonethatKeys:1-5BCABA 6-10CBDBB11-15CBCDC16-20BDCDA21-25CBADD26-30BDABB31-35AADCBiii.表語從句1.that表語從句1)常接表語從句的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有be，look，remaln，seem等。2)引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不可省略。2.wh-表語從句1)當(dāng)表示“是否”之意時(shí)，引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞不能用if，只能用whether。2)經(jīng)常見到的句型有thatiswhy.，this/itisbecause.，thisiswhere.等。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) —Oh,that's . B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout D.whenIfeelexcited Heneverworkshard.Andthat's B.that D.why A./.,because B.why,because C./,that D.why,whether B.that D.isthat A.that,when B.that,what C.that,where D.what,whereKeys:1-5ADCACiv.同位語從句1.that同位語從句1)一般由that引導(dǎo)，而且that不能省略。2)有時(shí)候，為避免句子頭重腳輕，同位語從句可與名詞分隔開來。3)后可接同位語從句的抽象名詞有fact，belief，hope，idea，doubt，news，rumor，conclusion,evidence,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,discovery,explanation，information,knowledge,law,truth,opinion,promlse,report,thought,statement,possibility等詞。2.wh-同位語從句1)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh-連詞在從句中作一定成分，而且有意義。2)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的wh-連詞不能省略。3)同位名詞多含有疑問意義，如doubt，wonderproblemquestion等。3.同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別1)that在定語從句中既代替先行詞，又在從句中作一定成分。而that在同位語從句中只起連接作用，不在句中作任何成分。2)定語從句是形容詞性的，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾，限定，描述其性質(zhì)和特征。同位語從句是名詞性的，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明和解釋。3)作為名詞的doubt在肯定句中，后接whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；在否定句或疑問句中，后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。4)who引導(dǎo)的疑問句中，doubt后接that引導(dǎo)的疑問句。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) A.which B.why C.that A.which B.why C.that A.which B.that C.what versities.A.while B.that D.why A.when C.what D.that A.that C.if D.as A.thatwhat B.whatthat C.that A.which B.that C.why D.while thereisair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings. C.where D.that B.if C.what D.which ?A.howIwasworried B.howworriedIwas D.whatIwasworried A.Words C.Aword D.Word A.that B.what D./ A.which C.that D.how A.that D./Keys:1-5CCBBD 6-10AABBA11-15BDACAv.名詞性從句要注意的幾點(diǎn)問題1.that，what，whether，if須注意的情況1)that，whether，if在從句中不作成分，而what在從句中既引導(dǎo)從句又作成分。2)whether在從句中不作任何成分，但有不確定的意義，而that無任何意義。2.whether，if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1)whether可以引導(dǎo)表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句和介詞的賓語從句，而if不能。2)whether和if引導(dǎo)的從句都可以作動(dòng)詞賓語，這時(shí)whether=if。3.whether，if與that的選擇1)doubt，wonder，notknow，notdecide，stillaproblem，stillaquestion后多接whether，if從句。2)nowonder，nodoubt，wellknown后多接that從句。4.名詞性從句的虛擬語氣1)suggestion，order，advice后的同位語從句或表語從句用虛擬語氣，其從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should十動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。2)insist,order,command,demand,suggest,advise,propose,require,request后接的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，其形式是‘‘should十動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。5.where引導(dǎo)表語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1)where引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，從句緊跟在系動(dòng)詞之后，而且從句前面沒有先行詞；where＝theplacewhere。2)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句要跟在先行詞后面，where＝in/on/atwhich。3)where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，從句前面也沒有先行詞，從句跟在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后面，且where在主從句中都作成分，where＝in/aton/totheplacewhere。6.who,whoever,nomatterwho1)名詞性從句的主語表示一個(gè)人時(shí)，用who引導(dǎo)從句。2)名詞性從句表示任何人時(shí)，用whoever引導(dǎo)從句，whoever=anyonewho。3)nomatterwh-只能用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，主從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開。4)wh-ever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以代替nomatterwh-引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。7.名詞性從句都用陳述語序。8.從句作主語時(shí)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，或者與表語保持一致。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) B.inthefactthatC.inthefact D.that B.that C.who D.what A.what...which B.whatever...whicheverC.that...that D.what...what A.inwhich B.that C.which D.where shedidn'twanttopartwithherfriends. B.since C.for D.that ermenfromcontinuingtokillthem.A./ C.that D.why A.That;is B.That;are C.What;are D.What;is W