2023版高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero復(fù)習(xí)練案新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE2Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernheroⅠ.完形填空eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)42492102)(2022·廣西第一次質(zhì)檢)HenryFordwasanAmericanindustrialist,thefounderoftheFordMotorCompany.WhenHenryForddecidedtoproducehisfamousv-8motor,hechosetobuildan__1.B__withtheentireeightcylinders(氣缸)puttogether,andinstructedhisengineersto__2.A__adesignfortheengine.Thedesignwasplacedonpaper,butalltheengineersagreedthatitwasjust__3.D__tomakeupaneight-cylinderengineinreallife.Fordsaid,“Produceit__4.C__〞“But，〞theyreplied,“It'simpossible！〞“Goahead，〞Ford__5.C__.“Andstayonthejobuntilyousucceed,nomatterhowmuch__6.B__isrequired.〞Therewasnothingelsefortheengineerstodobutgoahead，__7.B__theywantedtocontinuetoworkintheFordCompany.Sixmonthspassedandnothinghappened.__8.A__sixmonthspassed,and__9.D__nothinghappened.Theengineerstriedeverypossibleplanto__10.B__theorders,butthethingseemedoutofthequestion:impossible!Attheendoftheyear,Ford__11.A__withhisengineers,andagainthey__12.D__himtheyhadfoundnowaytofollowhisorders.“Gorightahead，〞saidFord,“Iwantit,andI'll__13.B__it.〞Theywentahead,andthen,asifbyastrokeofmagic,thesecretwas__14.D__.Eventually,theFord's__15.B__hadwononcemore!ThesecretoftheFordtellsusthatifyoucan,you'llnothavetolookveryfar.HenryFordwas__16.A__，becauseheunderstoodand__17.A__theprinciplesofsuccess.Oneoftheseisdesire,inwhichthesecretofhisgreatachievementhavebeen__18.B__.IfyoucanfindoutandmakefulluseoftheparticulargroupofprincipleswhichmadeHenryFord__19.C__，ifyoucandothis,youcan__20.B__hisachievementsinalmostanyfieldthatyouaresuited.文章大意：亨利·福特在要制造著名的v-8氣缸引擎汽車(chē)時(shí)，曾指示他的工程師著手生產(chǎn)一種引擎，要把8個(gè)氣缸全放在一起。設(shè)計(jì)的紙上作業(yè)完成了，但是工程師們都認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)中不可能做到。然而在福特的一再堅(jiān)持下終于取得了成功。1．A.entrance B．engineC．a(chǎn)irline D．a(chǎn)partment解析：根據(jù)第2空后的adesignfortheengine可知，福特要制造8氣缸的引擎。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。entrance意為“入口；通道；入場(chǎng)〞；airline意為“航線；航空公司〞；apartment意為“公寓〞。2．A.produce B．findC．collect D．a(chǎn)djust解析：根據(jù)第4空前的Produceit可知，福特指示他的工程師生產(chǎn)出這種引擎。produce意為“生產(chǎn)；制造〞；find意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)〞；collect意為“收集〞；adjust意為“調(diào)整〞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選A項(xiàng)。3．A.unnecessary B．reasonableC．practical D．impossible解析：根據(jù)下文It'simpossible！可知，雖然設(shè)計(jì)完成了，但是工程師們都認(rèn)為這是不可能(impossible)做到的。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。unnecessary意為“沒(méi)必要的〞；reasonable意為“合理的〞；practical意為“實(shí)用的〞。4．A.though B．a(chǎn)nywhereC．a(chǎn)nyway D．somehow解析：根據(jù)下文stayonthejobuntilyousucceed可知，福特的態(tài)度很堅(jiān)決，即他讓工程師們無(wú)論如何都要生產(chǎn)出來(lái)。though意為“盡管；但是〞；anywhere意為“無(wú)論哪里〞；anyway意為“無(wú)論如何〞；somehow意為“以某種方式〞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選C項(xiàng)。5．A.agreed B．beggedC．commanded D．cried解析：根據(jù)空后的Andstayonthejobuntilyousucceed...可知，此處是福特命令工程師們繼續(xù)做下去。agree意為“同意〞；beg意為“乞求〞；command意為“命令〞；cry意為“哭〞。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。6．A.money B．timeC．food D．furniture解析：根據(jù)下一段中的Sixmonthspassed...________sixmonthspassed可知，此處指不管花多少時(shí)間(time)。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。7．A.once B．ifC．unless D．but解析：對(duì)工程師們來(lái)說(shuō)，如果他們還想在福特公司繼續(xù)工作，除了繼續(xù)下去沒(méi)有別的選擇。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)選if。once意為“一旦〞；unless意為“除非〞；but意為“但是〞。8．A.Another B．OtherC．Every D．Theother解析：根據(jù)上文的Sixmonthspassedandnothinghappened.可知，此處指又過(guò)了六個(gè)月。another意為“另外的〞，與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，置于數(shù)詞之前；other意為“另外的〞，與數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，置于數(shù)詞之后；every意為“每一個(gè)〞；theother指兩者中的“另一個(gè)〞。設(shè)空后為數(shù)詞six，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。9．A.only B．evenC．a(chǎn)lways D．still解析：根據(jù)本段最后一句．..butthethingseemedoutofthequestion：impossible！可知，又過(guò)了六個(gè)月，仍然(still)沒(méi)有進(jìn)展。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。only意為“只有，僅僅〞；even意為“甚至〞；always意為“總是〞。10．A.sendout B．carryoutC．pickout D．takeout解析：sendout意為“發(fā)出某物；派出某人〞；carryout意為“執(zhí)行；實(shí)行〞；pickout意為“挑出，選出；識(shí)別出〞；takeout意為“帶(某人)出去(到餐廳等)〞。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的theorders(命令)可知，carryout符合語(yǔ)境。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。句意為：工程師們?cè)囘^(guò)了所有可能的方案去執(zhí)行命令，但事情似乎毫無(wú)可能：不可能！11．A.checked B．quarreledC．a(chǎn)greed D．replaced解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在年末時(shí)，事情仍然沒(méi)有進(jìn)展，而福特的態(tài)度依然堅(jiān)決。因此，此處指他再次和工程師們確認(rèn)。checkwithsb.意為“與某人核實(shí)〞；quarrelwith意為“與……爭(zhēng)吵〞；agreewith意為“同意；與……一致〞；replace…with…意為“用……替代……〞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。12．A.teased B．warnedC．persuaded D．informed解析：根據(jù)空后的…h(huán)adfoundnowaytofollowhisorders.可知，工程師們?cè)俅胃嬖V福特?zé)o法執(zhí)行他的命令。tease意為“取笑〞；warn意為“警告〞；persuade意為“說(shuō)服〞；inform意為“通知；告知〞。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。13．A.buy B．haveC．order D．give解析：此處說(shuō)明福特的態(tài)度和決心：我想要8個(gè)氣缸的引擎，而且一定會(huì)得到！buy意為“買(mǎi)〞；have意為“有；擁有〞；order意為“命令；訂購(gòu)〞；give意為“給〞。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。14．A.spread B．inventedC．a(chǎn)dmitted D．discovered解析：根據(jù)下文…h(huán)adwononcemore！可知，最后工程師們成功了，發(fā)現(xiàn)了其中的奧秘。spread意為“蔓延〞；invent意為“創(chuàng)造〞；admit意為“成認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入〞；discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)〞。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。15．A.contribution B．determinationC．organization D．education解析：根據(jù)上文的Goahead及nomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired等可知，此處指福特的決心(determination)。contribution意為“奉獻(xiàn)〞；organization意為“組織〞；education意為“教育〞。16．A.successful B．luckyC．careful D．impatient解析：根據(jù)第15空后的hadwononcemore及第17空后的success可知，此處指福特是成功的(successful)。lucky意為“幸運(yùn)的〞；careful意為“仔細(xì)的〞；impatient意為“不耐煩的〞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。17．A.applied B．correctedC．changed D．broke解析：福特的成功是因?yàn)樗斫獠?yīng)用了成功法那么。apply意為“應(yīng)用〞；correct意為“糾正〞；change意為“改變〞；break意為“打破〞。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。18．A.removed B．describedC．prevented D．waited解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，福特一直堅(jiān)持做v-8引擎，是他的堅(jiān)持和渴望使他取得了成功，而這在他取得巨大成就的秘訣中被描述(describe)出來(lái)。remove意為“開(kāi)除；去除〞；prevent意為“阻止〞；wait意為“等待〞。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。19．A.upset B．unsuccessfulC．rich D．a(chǎn)nxious解析：福特的巨大成就為他帶來(lái)了財(cái)富，因此，此處指如果你能發(fā)現(xiàn)并充分利用這些讓亨利·福特富有的(rich)原那么。upset意為“心煩意亂的，不安的〞；unsuccessful意為“不成功的〞；anxious意為“焦慮的〞。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。解答此題時(shí)可用排除法，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用褒義詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)是褒義詞。20．A.remember B．equalC．satisfy D．a(chǎn)ccept解析：句意為……如果你能做到這個(gè)，你就能在幾乎你適合的任何領(lǐng)域取得同樣的成功。remember意為“記得〞；equal意為“等于，比得上〞；satisfy意為“滿足〞；accept意為“接受〞。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2022·湖北八校第二次聯(lián)考)eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)42492103)BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclassics,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikebeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity'sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“TheFacebook〞，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision—tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld'sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it'ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZnckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury'smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.文章大意：本文主要講述臉譜網(wǎng)創(chuàng)始人馬克·扎克伯格在讀大學(xué)期間創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站遭遇挫折但后來(lái)走向成功的故事。1．WhenMarkZuckerbergwasastudent,he__B__.A．wasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreatedB．hadgoodacademicperformanceC．a(chǎn)lonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebookD．encouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句中的topstudents和academicpraise可知B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)中forthewebsitehecreated表述錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)中alone表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)在文中未提及。2．ThereasonwhyZuckerbergshutthesitedownwasprobablythat__B__.A．hiswebsitewasnotpopularB．hewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographsC．heneededtimetoreconsiderhischoiceD．hestoleresourceonHarvardserver解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs，whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.可推斷，網(wǎng)站關(guān)閉的主要原因可能是非法使用照片。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。takeissuewith意為“提出異議〞。3．WhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg？__D__A．Easy-goingandsmart. B．Quietandshy.C．Talentedandoutgoing. D．Rebelliousandcreative.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，扎克伯格很反叛(rebellious)，又很具有創(chuàng)造性(createdawebsite)。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。4．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe__A__.A．MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebook B．TheFoundationofFacebookC．ATalentfromHarvardUniversity D．TheDevelopmentofFacebook解析：主旨大意題。從文章內(nèi)容和最后一段中．..it'ssafetosaythatFacebook，anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg，aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury'smostinfluential，controversial，andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.可知，本文主要講述了扎克伯格和他的臉譜網(wǎng)。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空eq\x(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)42492104)閱讀以下短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2022·濰坊市高三期中)Ireland，Japan，Chinascientistssharethe2022NobelPrizeformedicine.WilliamCampbell，SatoshiOmuraandTuYouyoujointlywontheprize__1.for__theirworkagainstdiseases，theaward-givingbodysaidonMonday.Campbell__2.born__(bear)inIrelandandJapaneseOmurawonhalfoftheprizeforanewdrug,__3.which__hashelpedthebattleagainstriverblindness，aswellasshowing__4.powerful__(power)effectagainstotherdiseases.TheChinesescientistTuYouyoualsodiscoveredartemisinin(青蒿素)，adrugthathas__5.sharply__(sharp)reducedthedeath