2023高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)想U(xiǎn)nit1Greatscientists課時(shí)作業(yè)新人教版必修5

PAGEPAGE2Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A(2022·大連高三雙基測試卷)Anew“health〞trendinHongKongseeswomenstaringstraightatthesuninthebeliefthatitwillreplacetheirneedsforfoodandevenimprovetheirvisionandsleepquality,reportsOrientalDailyNews.ThewomenreportedlyheadtotheSamKaVillagebeacheveryeveningandtakeofftheirshoesbeforesettingtheirphonetimersandstandtostareatthesunset—someusinganumbrellatoprotecttheirskin.Theconceptof“suneating〞isaboutconsumingthesun'ssolarenergyinsteadoffoodandtheybelievebydoingsoitcanreducethebody'sneeds.SomeofthewomenchoosetowearpinholeglassestolimittheUVraysgettingtotheireyesandcausingpermanentdamage.Someofthesun-gazersstresstheyaredoingitforhealthreasons,notweightloss.“Wepracticesun-gazingasasubstituteforeating.Someofuswhohavefinishedthepracticenoweatless,andothersdon'thavetoeatatall，〞awomansaid.Shesaidtheystartbylookingatthesunforupto10secondsonthefirstday,adding10secondseverydayuntiltheyreach44minutesbytheninthmonthofpractice.HouXiangjun,askinspecialist,isconcernedabouttherisingtrend,sayingthehighUVdegreeandwaterreflectionareleadingtofartoomuchUVlightabsorption.“Evenifpaintedwithsunscreen(防曬霜)theycanonlystopfivetosixpercentofthedamage;anumbrellaoracapcanonlytake10－20percentandlongexposurewillincreasetheriskofseriousskincancer，〞shesaid.Eyeexpertsarealsoconcernedthatitwillcausesomeeyediseases.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文講述了一些香港女性的一種新的“健康〞趨勢。她們凝視太陽以減少對(duì)食物的需要，并到達(dá)改善視力和提高睡眠質(zhì)量的效果。1．SomewomeninHongKongbecome“sun-gazers〞becausetheybelieveitcanmakethem________.A.prettierB.eatlessC.sleeplongerD.usephonesless答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“itwillreplacetheirneedsforfoodandevenimprovetheirvisionandsleepquality〞和第三段的內(nèi)容可知，她們認(rèn)為凝視太陽可以讓她們吃得更少，改善視力，提高睡眠質(zhì)量。應(yīng)選B。2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“sun-gazers〞isTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyhavenoprotectionagainstthesun.B.Somehavesufferedfromseriousskincancer.C.Theyhaveconvincedtheexpertsofthebenefits.D.Somestopeatingafterpracticingforsometime.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的“Someofuswhohavefinishedthepracticenoweatless,andothersdon'thavetoeatatall〞可知，有些人在練習(xí)一段時(shí)間后就根本不用吃東西了。應(yīng)選D。3．Ifawomanwantstolookatthesunfor5minutes,howmanydaysdoesshehavetopractice?A.10days.B.30days.C.50days.D.150days.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的第三句可知，第一天凝視太陽10秒；由此可推測，凝視5分鐘也就是300秒，需要30天。應(yīng)選B。4．Whichsectionofthenewspaperdoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Science.B.Advertisement.C.Health.D.Sports.答案與解析：C考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，本文內(nèi)容與人們的健康有關(guān)，所以可能選自報(bào)紙的“健康(health)〞局部。應(yīng)選C。B(2022·四川高三評(píng)估檢測)Canyouimagineanengineerbuildingatallskyscraperwithoutaplan?Someonesaid,“Ifyoufailtoplan,youplantofail.〞Successisnoaccident.Itdoesn'tjustmagicallyhappen.Youhavetoplanforittohappen.Asoneguyputit,“Youmustplanforagreatfuture.Afterall,youhavetospendtherestofyourlifethere.〞Wemusthavesomekindofplanofwhatwewantandhowwe'llgetit.Yousee,ifyouachievenothing,you'llhititeverytime.Awisepersonsaid,“Ifyou'veaccomplishedeverythingyou'veplannedinlife,thenyou'veprobablynotplannedenough.You'regettingtoooldwhenallyourdreamsarereruns(重演)．〞TheverysuccessfulheadoftheChryslerCorporation,LeeIacocca,usedtoaskhisworkers,“Whatdoyouwanttodo?Whatdoyouwanttobe?Whatdoyouwanttohave?Wheredoyouwanttogo?Howdoyouplantogetthere?Writeitdown.Nowgotodoit.Itdoesn'tgetanysimplerorbetterthanthat.〞Sowhynotstartlivingyourlifeonpurpose?Firstdreamit,andthendoit.Theysaythatonehourofplanningwillsaveyouthreehoursofwastedtimeandwork.Withaplan,yourworkisworkingforyou.Yourplanwillkeepyouincontrolofyourlife,movingaheadtowardyourgoalofsuccessandhappiness.Afteryouplanyourwork,youhavetomakeyourplanwork.Disciplineiswhatbringsyourdreamsintoreallife.Adreamwithnodisciplinewilljustremainadream,andaplanwithoutworkwillbeaplanthatwon'twork.【解題導(dǎo)語】成功不是偶然的，它需要我們對(duì)自己的未來有明確的規(guī)劃。只有這樣，我們才能離成功與幸福更近一步?！鹃L難句解讀】Adreamwithnodisciplinewilljustremainadream,andaplanwithoutworkwillbeaplanthatwon'twork.分析：這是一個(gè)并列句。and后的并列分句中包含定語從句thatwon'twork。譯文：一個(gè)沒有約束的夢想只能是一個(gè)夢想，一個(gè)不去為之奮斗的方案只能是一個(gè)不管用的方案。5．Weshouldliveourlifeonpurposebecause________.A.makingaplanreducesthecostofourworkB.makingaplanleadsustogetclosetosuccessC.wecanfinishourworkeasilywithagoodplanD.makingaplanletsusachieveourgoalsimmediately答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段中的“Yourplanwillkeepyouincontrolofyourlife,movingaheadtowardyourgoalofsuccessandhappiness〞可知，制訂方案可以讓我們離成功與幸福更近一步。6．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.planningyourworkisthemostimportantB.disciplinemakesupforanimperfectplanC.onewillfailifhemakesaplanwithoutcarryingitoutD.everyoneneedsadetailedplaninordertorealizehisdream答案與解析：C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文中最后一段的內(nèi)容可推知，如果一個(gè)人只是制訂方案而不付諸實(shí)踐，那么就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功。7．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.NevergiveupyourdreamB.HowtoplanyourworkC.SuccessrequireshardworkD.Makeaplanaheadoftime答案與解析：D考查標(biāo)題判斷。本文主要講述的是成功不是偶然的，它需要我們對(duì)自己的未來有明確的規(guī)劃。只有這樣，我們才能離成功與幸福更近一步。應(yīng)選D。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·河北省高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)ThismorningafterIgotthenewsthatmybestfriend,SeanMisner,whowasoneofthefirefighters,diedinanArizonawildfireinJune,IcreatedaFacebookpageinhis__1__.SeanandIwerelikebrothers.Wemetplayingbaseballwhenwewereeightyearsold.We__2__life'supsanddownstogether.Hewas26whenhedied.Iwasin__3__whenIfoundoutthesituation.Friendsofhis__4__photosandinformationonhispage,andIsetupawayforpeopleto__5__moneytoSean'swife,Amanda,andtheirson,rightthroughFacebook.Mysisterisajournalist,andshesuggestedthatwearrangeeverything__6__whilethefirewasgettingnational__7__.Inthefirstcoupleofdays,Sean'spagegot2,000likes.Todayithasmorethan27,000likes.WhenSean'sfamilydrovehisashes500milesfromPrescott,Arizona,tohis__8__inSantaYnez,California,firefightershadbeenstandingoneveryhighwayoverpass(立交橋)．Iwassurprisedathowmuchit__9__metoseethatotherpeoplecared.StrangersweresendingFacebookmessages,__10__babyclothestoAmandaandwe've__11__about$10,000forhisson'seducation.OnepostisfromalittleboyinNevadawhosaid,whenhe__12__hewantstobeafirefighter.It__13__touchedme.PeoplepostedmessagesaboutwhataheroSeanwasandtheywereright.Thereisalotof__14__onthatFacebookpage.I__15__oneday,whenSean'sson,SeanJaxon,is__16__enough,hewillseehow__17__hisfatherwasthroughthispage.DuringmomentswhenImissSean,Ivisitthe__18__，anditmakesmesmile.Onmybirthdayorhisbirthdayorsome__19__date,I'llreadthemessagesandlookatthephotosthatpeoplehaveposted.It'sawayformetokeephismemory__20__.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文講述了作者在網(wǎng)上為英年早逝的好友發(fā)帖募捐的故事。1．A.honourB.absenceC.existenceD.death解析：inone'shonour意為“為向某人表示敬意〞，與語境died照應(yīng)。答案：A2．A.gotthroughB.passedthroughC.wentthroughD.lookedthrough解析：根據(jù)語境“SeanandIwerelikebrothers〞可知，作者與Sean關(guān)系很好，是鐵哥們兒，患難與共。gothrough“經(jīng)歷〞。答案：C3．A.fearB.horrorC.anxietyD.shock解析：根據(jù)上文的“Hewas26whenhedied〞可推知，作者對(duì)于好友英年早逝感到震驚(shock)。答案：D4．A.tookB.hungC.developedD.posted解析：根據(jù)語境“onhispage〞可推知，Sean的朋友在網(wǎng)頁上發(fā)布照片和相關(guān)信息。下文的“Peoplepostedmessages〞“l(fā)ookatthephotosthatpeoplehaveposted〞也是提示。答案：D5．A.saveB.donateC.makeD.earn解析：因?yàn)镾ean英年早逝，因此作者通過Facebook讓人們?yōu)镾ean的遺孀和兒子捐款，以應(yīng)對(duì)他們以后的生活。donate“捐款〞，符合語境。答案：B6．A.practicallyB.sincerelyC.quicklyD.regularly解析：根據(jù)上文的“Mysisterisajournalist〞可推知，作為新聞?dòng)浾叩拿妹媒ㄗh我們要迅速(quickly)發(fā)布相關(guān)信息。答案：C7．A.attentionB.supportC.sympathyD.recognition解析：getattention意為“引起注意〞，符合語境，應(yīng)選A。答案：A8．A.officeB.homeC.schoolD.community解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Sean的家人把其骨灰送回他家鄉(xiāng)。答案：B9．A.entertainedB.frightenedC.comfortedD.astonished解析：根據(jù)“StrangersweresendingFacebookmessages,__10__babyclothestoAmandaandwe've__11__about$10,000forhisson'seducation〞可推知，有那么多陌生人關(guān)注Sean，這讓作者感到很撫慰。答案：C10．A.offeringB.intendingC.expectingD.conveying解析：根據(jù)上文的“seethatotherpeoplecared〞可推知，許多人很關(guān)注這件事情，提供了大量的幫助。offersth.tosb.意為“向某人提供某物〞，符合語境。答案：A11．A.graspedB.foundedC.figuredD.raised解析：根據(jù)上文的“to__5__moneytoSean'swife〞可推知，作者通過Facebook呼吁網(wǎng)友為Sean的妻子和兒子捐錢。此處指共為Sean兒子的教育籌幕到大約10000美元。raisemoney“籌錢〞。答案：D12．A.turnsupB.picksupC.comesupD.growsup解析：