2022年考研英語一真題閱讀理解text2原文

年考研英語一真題閱讀理解text2原文2022考研英語一考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，盼望大家考的都不錯(cuò)，下面是為大家整理的2022考研英語一真題閱讀理解Text2原文，以供大家參考。

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublish

theirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfndamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2022toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2022,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2022.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthesearticlepreparationcostshadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoneypartlybecause________

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned

[D]Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]Labourtriumphsoverstat