寫作教程3unit1答案5126

PartAGRAMMARSubject-VerbAgreementSubject-verbagreementisaverycomplicatedissueanditisnotourintentioncoverallthegroundinthisunit.Whatweattempttodohereistobringstudents'attentiontosomepointsparticularlytrickyandletthemlearnbypractice.Themetweuseinthegrammarsectionofthisbookisthediscoveryapproach--toletstudefindouttheirownanswers.Wehopethiscanraisestudents'interestinlearninggrammarandsharpentheirinductiveskills.Thequestionofsubject-verbagreementisverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,therearethreebasicprinciples:grammaticalagreement,notionalagreement,andthprincipleofproximity.Inhisunit,wearegoingtoapproachthisissueinfourcontexts:WhenthesubjectiscompoundReferencefortheClassroomActivitiesSummary:1.Acompoundsubjectwithandtakesapluralverbinmostcases,butwhenitexpressesasingularmeaningorwheneachofthesingularsubjectsisconsideredindividually,ittakesasingularverb.2.Afteracompoundsubjectwithor,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,theverbagreesinnumberandpersonwiththenearerpartofthesubject.3.Interveningphrasesorclausesnotintroducedbycoordinatingconjunctionsdonotaffectthenumberofaverb.Suchphrasesarenormallyintroducedbyprepositionsorprepositionalphrasessuchaswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,alongwithinadditionto,togetherwith,with,plus,andincluding.WhenthesubjectexpressesquantityReferencefortheClassroomActivitiesAllthesentencesarecorrect.Summary:1.Nominalphrasesoftime,money,weightandmeasurementnormallytakeasingularverb.2.Somewordsorphrases,suchalasl,most,half,thelast,tahekerestasingularorpluralverb,dependingonthemeaningofthenounorpronounthatfollows.精選3.Phraseslikelotsof,heapsof,lotadskeofsingularorpluralverbsdependingontheformofthenounsthatfollow.4.Insentenceswithmorethanoneormanymoadifyingthesubjectnouns,theverbshouldtakeasingularformthoughitispluralinmeaning.Whenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructureReferencefortheClassroomActivities1).Hewasoneofthecandidateswhowereabletocarryouttheircampaignpledges.Hewastheonlyoneofthecandidateswaswhoabletocarryouthiscampaignpledges2).Whathewantsisjustalittlelovefromhisfosterparents.Whatonethinksandsaysarenotalwaysthesame.3).Thereisacherrytreeandseveralorchidflowersinthegarden.Therearehundredsofapplicantsonthewaitinglistforthejob.Summary:1.Afterarelativepronoun(who,which,that),theverbhasthesamepersonandnumberastheantecedent.(InthesecondsentenceinPaira,thetheantecedentisonlyone,nothecandidates.)2.Afterawhat-clause,theverbisusuallysingular,.Butifthewhat-clauseisinacompoundstructurepluralinmeaning,theverbisinpluralform.3.Inthethere-bestructure,theverbissingularorpluraldependingonthenumberofthesubject.Thesingularthereismaybeusedtointroduceacompoundsubjectwhenthefirstnounornominalphraseissingular.OthersReferencefortheClassroomActivities1).Nobodyintownadmitsseeinghim.2).Doesanyonewanttogowithme?3).Areanyofyougoingtotheexhibition?4).Noneworks/worksohardashedoes.精選5).Booksareherchiefsourceofenjoyment.6).Theonethingyoumustbereadyisthforeirattemptstobreakupthemeeting7).Thejuryisfinallycomplete.8).ThejuryweredividedintheirOpinions.9).NewYorkTimesishisbible.10).Semanticsisthestudyofmeanings.Summary:1.Indefinitepronounssuchanyasbody,anyone,each,everybody,nobnody,one,andsomebodygenerallyrequireasingularverb.2.Thepronounsanyandnonetakeeithersingularorpluralverbs.3.Thecomplementoftheverbbedoesnotaffectitsnumber.4.Acollectivenountakesasingularverbwhentheclassitnamesisthoughtofasunit,butapluralverbwhenthemembersoftheclassarethoughtofasindividu5.Titlesofbooks,magazines,movies,newspapers,plays,andtheliketakeasingularverb.6.Certainnounswhicharepluralinformbutsingularinmeaninggenerallytakeasingularverb.Someofthesearephysics,mechanics,news,statistics,andwhereabouts.PartBKeystotheFOLLOW-UPEXERCISES1.1).Thelittleboywaschicken-hearted.2).Thatstatesmanisarespectablefigureinthepoliticalarena.3).Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthebreezecomingfromthelake4).Weneedtodrinkthemilkbeforeitsours.5).Thechildhaddifficultyfindinghiswaytoschool.6)Theyoungwomanreceivedalotofflowersandgifts.7).MyfatherdrewbackthecurtainalittlelestIseehim.8).Ouruniversitycanaccommodate4,000students.精選9).Socialcustomsvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountry.2.Thewriter'sattitudechangesfromnegativetopositiveineachpairofsentences3.(1)experienced(3)attempting(5)takeup(2)elapsed(4)with(6)made(8)true(7)endeavor4.1).Thestateattorneysaidthatthemanwouldbeprosecuted.2).Wesupposethatarefereeshouldbedisinterestedbutnotuninterested3).TonycanhitaballfartherthanIcan.4).Wemustpursuethismatterfurther.5).Theprinciplesbehindourconstitutionareaprincipalreasonforitsastoundsuccess.6).Al1thebandinstrumentsexceptthetubawillbecarriedtotheauditoriumfthemusiccontest.7).Thefederalgovernmentcomprisesthelegislative,judicial,andexecutivebranches8).Thewholeregionwasstruckbyaneconomicdisaster.9).(correct)10).Hewasawakedtotherisk.5.MysisterLuluacceptedascholarshiptostudyintheUK.ShehaddoneverywellinschoolandtheprincipalthoughtthatlivingwithaBritishfamilywouldteheralot.Mothersaidshewouldlethergoifsheboughtaboxofstationeryandpromisedtowritehomeeveryweek.Shesaidthatshewouldliveuptoherpromiseandshealwaysdoesprettywellinlivinguptoherprinciples.SoonaftershearriintheUK.,sheadaptedtohernewenvironment.Hernewlifedidnotaffectheragreatdeal.Sheknewthatasastudentshehadtobeeconomicalandshewasnotself-consciousofherpoorclothingandstrangeaccent.Thesewerethethingsshewauninterestedin;whatfascinatedherinsteadwastheculturaldifferencesbetweenttwocountries.Shefoundpeopletherelikedtopaycomplimentsandweremorecreduloustowhatshesaid.Ofcourse,sheneverliedtothemabouthermotherland精選

Thoughsheexperiencedculturalshockscontinually,shedevelopedafairattitudetowardstheotherculture.Intheproceedingyears,shesettleddownintheUK.andbecameapersonwithanalternativeculturalidentity.6.1).SixtyhoursistheamountofworktimeIcontractedfor.2).Thejuryisexpectedtoreachitsdecisionveryquickly.3).Eachofthecandidatesforthepositionhasexceptionallyhighqualification4).Everyboyandgirlinthesixthgradewas/iseagertowinthecontest.5).CornbreadandmilkisapopularbreakfastintheruralSouth.6).Theinstructoraswellasthestudentswasatfault.7).Heisoneofthestudentswhoplantoattendthespeechcontest.8).Thejuryaretobeisolatedinindividualhotelroomseachnightduringthe9).Samsprawledinthechairandknockedoveroneofthelampswhichwereondisplay10).Thesymptomsofmercurypoisoningvarywitheachindividualcase.11).Hebelievesthatathleticsimprovesschoolmorale.12).Upgoesthestarter'sgun,andeachofthe