英語(yǔ)高考試題答案及解析全國(guó)

2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：⒈本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。⒉答第Ⅰ卷時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)，不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。⒊答第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。⒋考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷第一部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(滿分50分)第一節(jié)語(yǔ)音知識(shí)(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：haveA.gaveB.saveC.hatD.made答案是C。⒈theaterA.treasureB.wheatC.seasonD.realize⒉persuadeA.usualB.insistC.sugarD.treasure⒊companyA.aloneB.carrotC.moneyD.knock⒋oppositeA.serviceB.outsideC.pioneerD.police⒌societyA.officialB.recentC.chocolateD.difficult第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild___heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever答案是B。⒍–Whatshallwedotonightthen?–___–whateveryouwant.A.HelpyourselfB.It’sadealC.NoproblemD.It’suptoyou⒎Hemissed___goldinthehighjump,butwillget___secondchanceinthelongjump.A.the。theB.不填。aC.the。aD.a。不填⒏Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when⒐Sarahmade___totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herselfB.thisC.thatD.it⒑Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped⒒Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonemetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after⒓We___topaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.A.setaboutB.setupC.setoutD.setdown⒔Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics___.A.betterB.bestC.thebetterD.verywell⒕–DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?–I___needto–Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.A.wouldn’tB.don’tC.didn’tD.won’t⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched⒗100℃isthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil.A.forB.atC.onD.of⒘I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI___findthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need⒙Themanager___theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold⒚TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular。theyareingreat___inthiscity.A.qualityB.progressC.productionD.demand⒛–Trynottoworkyourselftoohard.Takeiteasy.–Thanks.___A.Sowhat?B.Noway.C.Whatfor?D.You,too.第三節(jié)完形填空(每小題1.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork.21IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster’sdegree,Icouldnotfind22work.Iwas23aschoolbustomakeendsmeetand24withafriendofmine,forIhadlostmyflat.Ihad25fiveinterviews(面試)withacompanyandonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnot26thejob.“Whyhasmylifebecomeso27?”Ithoughtpainfully.AsIpulledthebusoverto28alittlegirl,shehandedmeanearning29Ishouldkeepit30somebodyclaimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng))it.Theearringwaspaintedblackandsaid“BEHAPPY”.AtfirstIgotangry.Thenit31me–Ihadbeengivingallofmy32towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy33ratherthanwhatwasright!Idecidedthenandtheretomakea34offiftythingsIwashappywith.Later,Idecidedto35morethingstothelist.Thatnighttherewasaphonecallfor36fromaladywhowasadirectoratalarger37.SheaskedmeifIwould38aone-daylectureonstress(壓力)managementto200medicalworkers.Isaidyes.My39therewentverywell,andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob.TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayof40thatIcompletelychangedmylife.21.A.AsB.ThoughC.IfD.When22.A.successfulB.extraC.satisfyingD.convenient23.A.drivingB.repairingC.takingD.designing24.A.workingB.travellingC.discussingD.living25.A.preparedforB.attendedC.askedforD.held26.A.loseB.likeC.findD.get27.A.hardB.busyC.seriousD.short28.A.waveatB.dropoffC.callonD.lookfor29.A.orderingB.promisingC.sayingD.showing30.A.incaseB.orelseC.asifD.nowthat31.A.hurtB.hitC.caughtD.moved32.A.feelingsB.attentionC.strengthD.interests33.A.opinionsB.educationC.experiencesD.life34.A.listB.bookC.checkD.copy35.A.connectB.turnC.keepD.add36.A.herB.apassengerC.meD.myfriend37.A.hospitalB.factoryC.restaurantD.hotel38.A.listentoB.reviewC.giveD.talkabout39.A.planB.choiceC.dayD.tour40.A.operationB.speakingC.employmentD.thinking第二部分閱讀理解(滿分45分)第一節(jié)語(yǔ)篇閱讀(每小題2分)第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。(每小題2分)(A)Coldweathercanhardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Iyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet’swater.Sometimesownersdon’trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.41.WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1?A.Theyareoftenforgottenbytheirowners.B.Theyareusedtolivingoutdoors.C.Theybuildtheirwonshelter.D.Theyliketostayinwarmplaces.42.Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldweather?A.Toknowwhentobringtheminside.B.Tokeepthemfromeatingbadfood.C.Tohelpthemfindshelters.D.Tokeepthemcompany.43.Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay___.A.runshortofcleanwaterB.digdeepholesforfunC.dirtythesnownearbyD.getlostinthewild44.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.(B)Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfromthebehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap(擺動(dòng)).Itshouldn’tlooklikeonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.45.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A.Sailors’strength.B.Wavelevels.C.Winddirections.D.Sizeofsails.46.Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Theboat.B.Thewind.C.Thesail.D.Theangle.47.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A.Moveinastraightline.B.Allowthesailtoflap.C.Lowerthesail.D.Tacktheboat.48.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inapopularmagazine.B.Inatouristguidebook.C.Inaphysicstextbook.D.Inanofficialreport.(C)Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman’ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiasmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces。someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsianculture,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressionspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.49.WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU.S.?A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy.D.Thankfulness.50.TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatsmilecan___.A.showfriendlinesstostrangersB.beusedtohidetruefeelingsC.beusedinthewrongplacesD.showpersonalhabits51.Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people?A.Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.B.Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.C.Findoutabouttheirpastexperience.D.Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest?A.CulturalDifferencesB.SmilesandRelationshipC.FacialExpressivenessD.HabitsandEmotions(D)ADDISABABA,Ethiopia–Oneoftheworld’smostfamousfossils(化石)–the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974–willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas,spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.“Ethiopia’srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,”saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork,DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotbeenworkedout.TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3-foot-tallape-man(猿人).53.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto___.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent54.Whatdoesthewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.B.AphotographofLucyC.Acopyoftheskeleton.D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.55.HowmanycitieshasLucy’sU.S.tourplanalreadyincluded?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.D.Eleven.56.Whatwastheskeletonnamedafter?A.Anape-man.B.Asong.C.Asinger.D.Acamp.(E)MakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone’swinter.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic–you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise,wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck’sbook,Mind-set:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.57.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration?A.Theydon’tdowellatschool.B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C.Theyareeagertowininsports.D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.58.Afixedmind-setpersonisprobablyonewho___.A.doesn’twanttoworkhardB.caresalotaboutpersonalsafetyC.cannotsharehisideaswithothersD.cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers59.Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve?A.Admittingfailureisshameful.B.Talentcomeswithone’sbirth.C.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued.D.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.60.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy?A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures.B.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.C.Guidethemindoinglittlethings.D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.第二節(jié)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從對(duì)話后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(每小題1分)Daughter：Dad.Youloveme,don’tyou?Father：Ofcourse,Ido.61Daughter：Well,Isawthisgreatofferforafreephonehereinthenewspaper,and…Father：62Daughter：Well,thephoneisfree…afterthe＄50Ipayisreturnedtome.Father：Ah,sothat’sthecatch.63Daughter：Dad.Allmyfriendshaveone.Father：Ah,Idon’tknow.64Daughter：Butthemonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly＄29.99,with1,000freeweekdayminutesnationwide,andunlimitedweekendminutes.Father：Idon’tknow.Daughter：PleaseDad.Withthenewphoneyouwon’thavetoworryaboutmewhileI’mdrivingthenewcar.Father：65Daughter：Thenewcaryou’llneedtobuysoIcanusethephone.A.Ah…what’sonyourmind?B.Newcar?Whatnewcar?C.Free?Nothing’severfree.D.Whatdidyoudotothenewcar?E.Andwhyonearthdoyouneedaphone?F.Theyalwayschargealotfortheservice.G.Butwhatisthetermoftheserviceagreement?第II卷第三部分寫作(共三節(jié)，滿分55分)第一節(jié)單詞拼寫(每小題1分)根據(jù)下列句子及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋，在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式(每空只寫一詞)。66.Doyouspeakany__________(外國(guó))languages?67.Rebeccawasthe__________(驕傲)ofherfamily.68.Willyoustop__________(打斷)mewhenI’mtalking?69.DavidBeckham’s__________(國(guó)籍)isBritish.70.The__________(現(xiàn)代)historyofItalydatesfrom1860.71.Bob’s__________(侄子)isafreshmanatHarvardUniversity.72.AlicewantedtoborrowJack’scomputer,buthe__________(拒絕).73.Her__________(書架)arefilledwithbooksandphotos.74.Whatareyougirls__________(耳語(yǔ))about?75.Don’t__________(咳嗽)morethanyoucanhelp.第二節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(每小題1.5分)此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。先對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷：如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾（√）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按下列情況改正：該行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。該行缺一個(gè)詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。注意：⒈原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改；⒉答案必須寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。DearEditor,I’mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.76.______Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlive77.______withoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustrycango78.______withoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless.79.______Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon’thaveenoughwater.80.______Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoall81.______outtoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.Next,no82.______drinkingwater