2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)5.1GreatScientists（測(cè)）（含解析）

2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)5.1GreatScientists（測(cè)）（含解析）PAGE15-5.1GreatScientists〔測(cè)〕單元檢測(cè)卷〔時(shí)間50分鐘；總分值100分〕班級(jí)_________________姓名_____________考號(hào)_________________得分_______________________I語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié)，總分值45分)第一節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題；每題2分，總分值40分〕【湖北省襄陽(yáng)市第五中學(xué)2022屆高三第一次適應(yīng)性考試〔5月〕】InThanksforWhatWeHaveIsatandwaitedforKathleentospeak.“Annie,〞shesaid,“Afoodbankthatservestheelderlyisaskingfor___1___.I’dlikeyoutoorganizetheevent〞“Well,errr…sure.〞AsIstuttered(結(jié)巴地說(shuō))throughmy___2___,allIcouldthinkwas,“What?Whyme?〞Iwalkedbacktomyofficewonderingwhereto___3___.Thiswasatimewhentheeconomywas___4___.Theriseinunemploymentforcedmanyofmycoworkersto___5___tosurvive.HowcouldIaskthemformore?ThateveningIdrovehomewithnegativity.ThenIrememberedatimewhenmyfatherwasoutofwork.MomwroteanotetoJim,themilkman,askinghimnotto___6___anymoremilk.TwodayslaterJimpickedupthe___7___andleftfourlitersofmilk.Hewrotehismessage,whichread,“Kidsneedmilk.〞Themilkdelivery___8___asusualandJimnevercollectedacent___9___us.ThememoryofJim’s___10___firedmyenthusiasm.PerhapsI’dbeinforapleasantsurprise.ThenextmorningI___11___signsaboutourfooddrivealloverthecafeteriaandoneverynoticeboardIcouldfind.Eachsignsaid,“Fooddrivetosupportthepoorelderly!___12___ofnon-perishable(不易腐的)foodsaregreatlyneeded.〞WithinafewdaysIhadtolocateemptyofficespaceto___13___themassivenumberofcontributionswehad___14___.Oneofmycoworkers,Maggie,madetheroundswithmeeverydayfromonedepartmenttoanothertopickupthecannedgoodsandother___15___.Thoughoversixty,shepushedourfoodtrolleyaroundwiththe___16___ofawomanhalfherage.Iaskedherwhereshegotalltheenthusiasm.Shesaid,“withtheunemploymentratetouching10percent,Ican’tthinkofabetterwaytobe___17___forkeepingourjobswhensomanyhave___18___theirs.Suremoneyis___19___.Butwhenisn’tit?Peopleneedfood.〞AsIlistenedtoMaggie,themilkman’swords___20___inmyears,“Kidsneedmilk.〞1.A.advice B.help C.pity D.medicine2.A.response B.comment C.explanation D.complaint3.A.sit B.stay C.begin D.work4.A.growing B.fading C.recovering D.booming5.A.drive B.attempt C.refuse D.struggle6.A.spare B.drink C.deliver D.sell7.A.keys B.kids C.cents D.empties8.A.returned B.continued C.stopped D.delayed9.A.for B.to C.with D.from10.A.kindness B.happiness C.patience D.politeness11.A.designed B.noticed C.marked D.posted12.A.Bargains B.Demands C.Donations D.Purchases13.A.check B.store C.separate D.clear14.A.collected B.bought C.found D.selected15.A.clothes B.books C.foods D.gifts16.A.satisfaction B.quality C.energy D.motivation17.A.lucky B.proud C.delighted D.grateful18.A.lost B.deserved C.abandoned D.wanted19.A.available B.tight C.enough D.powerful20.A.rang B.disappeared C.hid D.fell【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D6.C7.D8.B9.D10.A11.D12.C13.B14.A15.C16.C17.D18.A19.B20.A【解析】作者兒時(shí)家庭受到送奶人的資助，當(dāng)需要他奉獻(xiàn)時(shí)受此鼓舞，積極投身到幫助貧窮老年人籌集食物的活動(dòng)中。文章表達(dá)了作者的感恩之情。1.B考查名詞。A.advice建議；B.help幫助；C.pity同情；D.medicine藥。此處指一家為老年人效勞的食物銀行需要幫助，根據(jù)下文的themassivenumberofcontributions和pickupthecannedgoodsandother___15___.可知這里需要幫助，需要籌集食物。應(yīng)選B.5.D考查動(dòng)詞。A.drive駕駛；B.attempt嘗試；C.refuse拒絕；D.struggle掙扎。失業(yè)率上升使同事們掙扎著生存，此處指為了生存拼搏，應(yīng)選D.6.C考查動(dòng)詞。A.spare節(jié)約；B.drink喝；C.deliver遞送；D.sell賣。此處指由于父親失業(yè)，母親告訴Jim不用送牛奶了，根據(jù)Jim,themilkman可知是送牛奶，應(yīng)選C.7.D考查名詞。A.keys鑰匙；B.kids兒童；C.cents分；D.empties空瓶。此處指Jim來(lái)收空奶瓶，應(yīng)選D.8.B考查動(dòng)詞。A.returned回來(lái)；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.stopped停止；D.delayed延遲。Jim給我們留言說(shuō)孩子們需要牛奶，然后像往常一樣繼續(xù)送奶。應(yīng)選B.9.D考查介詞。A.for為；B.to到；C.with和……在一起；D.from從。此處指Jim從未從我們這里要過(guò)錢，應(yīng)選D.10.A考查名詞。A.kindness仁慈；B.happiness幸福；C.patience耐心；D.politeness有禮貌。此處指Jim對(duì)我家仁慈的記憶點(diǎn)燃了我的熱情，指Jim免費(fèi)讓我家的孩子們喝奶這件事，應(yīng)選A.11.D考查動(dòng)詞。A.designed設(shè)計(jì)；B.noticed注意到；C.marked做記號(hào)；D.posted張貼。此處指第二天早上我開(kāi)始行動(dòng)，在我能找到的所有自助餐廳和布告牌上張貼告示。表示“張貼告示〞，應(yīng)選D.12.C考查名詞。A.Bargains交易；B.Demands需求；C.Donations捐贈(zèng)；D.Purchases獲得物。告示上寫(xiě)著：支持給貧窮的老年人食物，急需捐贈(zèng)不易腐的食物。根據(jù)下文的themassivenumberofcontributions也知是捐贈(zèng)食物，應(yīng)選C.13.B考查動(dòng)詞。A.check核實(shí)；B.store儲(chǔ)藏；C.separate分開(kāi)；D.clear去除。此處指我必須為儲(chǔ)存大量的捐贈(zèng)物資騰地方，應(yīng)選B.17.D考查形容詞。A.lucky幸運(yùn)的；B.proud自豪的；C.delighted快樂(lè)的；D.grateful感謝的。此處指Maggie認(rèn)為在高失業(yè)的年代，她很感謝有這個(gè)工作時(shí)機(jī)。應(yīng)選D.18.A考查動(dòng)詞。A.lost失去；B.deserved值得；C.abandoned拋棄；D.wanted想要。與上文的Theriseinunemployment和withtheunemploymentratetouching10percent對(duì)應(yīng)可知許多人失業(yè)，應(yīng)選A.19.B考查形容詞。A.available可獲得的；B.tight緊的；C.enough充足的；D.powerful強(qiáng)大的。此處指當(dāng)時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)情況下，錢是緊的，但人們更需要食物。應(yīng)選B.20.A考查動(dòng)詞。A.rang響；B.disappeared消失；C.hid隱藏；D.fell掉下。此處指此時(shí)送奶人“孩子們需要牛奶〞的話又回響在我耳邊，與上文照應(yīng)再次想起他的話，應(yīng)選A.第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題，每題1.5分，總分值15分)【河南省鄭州市第一中學(xué)2022-2022上期高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬測(cè)試〔一〕】閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AfterIhadbeeninChinastudyingChineseforaboutayear,Ihadexhaustedmyoldtextbook.Iwantedmoreinterestingmaterial.OnedayIcam?uponabookstore,and,___21___(realize)howcheapbooksinChinawere,___22___(have)theideathatIshouldstartlearningfromChinesechildren’sbooks.___23___wasperfectandsoobvious—whyhadn’tIdonethis___24___(early)?Thenrealitycameasashock.Therewasaverygoodreason___25___everyonewasn’tdoingitalready:Chinesechildren’sbooks___26___(design)fornativeChinesekids,sothey___27___(general)don’tmakegoodmaterialforforeignlanguagelearners.MostChinesechildren’sbooksaretoohard___28___Chineselearners.It’llbediscouragingtoreadmanybooks,especiallythose___29___(choose)atrandom,andallthe“pinyin〞islikelytobelesshelpfulthanyouthink.So,Idowish,oneday,therearesomereallygoodbooks___30___(suit)forforeignlearnersoutthereinChina’sbookstores.【答案】21.realizing22.had23.It24.earlier25.why26.aredesigned27.generally28.for29.chosen30.suitable【解析】作者通過(guò)在中國(guó)書(shū)店觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的兒童書(shū)籍只適合中國(guó)孩子，不適合外語(yǔ)學(xué)者。21.realizing考查動(dòng)詞形式。句中realize的主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)I一致，作狀語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞–ing形式，故填realizing.22.had考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與句中動(dòng)詞came并列時(shí)態(tài)一致，此處也用過(guò)去時(shí)。故填had.23.It考查代詞。此處指代theideathatIshouldstartlearningfromChinesechildren’sbooks.theidea是單數(shù)，用it指代。故填I(lǐng)t.24.earlier考查副詞比擬級(jí)。此處指為什么不早點(diǎn)做呢？指比現(xiàn)在更早，有比擬的意思。故填earlier.29.chosen考查過(guò)去分詞。those和動(dòng)詞choose是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處是過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)，故填chosen.30.suitable考查形容詞。suitablefor“適合于〞，此處指適合外語(yǔ)學(xué)者的真正好書(shū)，故填suitable.II閱讀(共兩節(jié)，總分值30分)第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共1小題；每題2分，總分值20分)閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A【甘肅省蘭州第一中學(xué)2022屆高三8月月考】LaTomatina,SpainTomatojuiceflowsthroughthestreetsofBunolonthelastWednesdayofAugustastheworld’slargesttomatofighthappens.Festivitiesbegininthetownsquarewherethereisahugepolecoveredinsoapandwithalegofhamatthetop.Participantstrytoclimbupthepoletogetthehamaswatchersthrowbucketsofwatertothem.Afteragunisfiredtosignalthebeginningofthefight,peoplecatchthetomatoesandthroweachotherinthestreetsuntilthepistolsoundsagain,markingtheendoftheevent.BurningMan,NevadaThisinfamousfestivalbeganin1986withtheburningofalargefiguretomarkthesummersolstice(夏至).It’ssincegrownintoaweek-longannualeventthatdrawsmorethan48,000peopletotheBlackRockDesert.ItisheldduringtheweekbeforeLabourDay.Participantssetupcampinthedeserttocelebrateart.Holi,IndiaThisspringfestivaliscelebratedthroughoutthecountryinlateFebruaryorearlyMarch.Thetwo-dayeventcelebratesthelegendofPrahlad,whoescapedunharmedfromthefireoftheevilHolikaDahan.Peoplemarktheeventbylightingfiresandthrowingcolouredpowderononeanother.Childrenloadcolouredwaterintotoypistolscalledpichkariandtakeaimatpassersby.Holiisknownasahappycelebrationofthetriumphofgoodoverevil.Songkran,ThailandThisfestivalmarkstheThaiNewYear,whichiscelebratedinthesecondweekofApril.ThisisthehottesttimeoftheyearinThailand,soitmakessensethatthebiggestSongkrantraditionistothrowwateronpeople.Thaisofallagesjoininwaterfights,usingbucketsandwatergunstocelebratetheevent.31.ThefollowingcelebrationsarerelatedtowaterEXCEPT______A.LaTomatinaB.HoliC.BurningManD.Songkran32.Theunderlinedword“pichkari〞isprobably______.A.akindofgunB.abadmanC.fireD.powder33.Thetextiswrittenmainlyto______.A.encouragepeopletotravelB.introducesomeinterestingfestivalsC.introducetheworld’sbiggestpartiesD.showthemostfamousperformances【答案】31.C32.A33.B【解析】本文主要介紹了一些有趣的節(jié)日。31.C32.A詞義猜想題。根據(jù)Holi,India中whoescapedunharmedfromthefireoftheevilHolikaDahan.Peoplemarktheeventbylightingfiresandthrowingcolouredpowderononeanother.和takeaimatpassersby.瞄準(zhǔn)過(guò)路人，可知?jiǎng)澗€詞是“一種槍〞。應(yīng)選A。33.B主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了一些有趣的節(jié)日。答案為B。【名師點(diǎn)睛】做詞義猜想題時(shí)，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語(yǔ)境想當(dāng)然。在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境所表示的關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。此題第2小題，根據(jù)Holi,India中whoescapedunharmedfromthefireoftheevilHolikaDahan.Peoplemarktheeventbylightingfiresandthrowingcolouredpowderononeanother.和takeaimatpassersby.瞄準(zhǔn)過(guò)路人，可知?jiǎng)澗€詞是“一種槍〞。應(yīng)選A。B【黑龍江省大慶中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試】WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie〞MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames,Brownieinreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththemandwealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.Oneday,asIwasgettingherfood,shechewedup(咬破)oneofDad’sshoes,whichhadtobethrownawayintheend.IknewDadwouldbemadandIhadtoletherknowwhatshedidwaswrong.WhenIlookedatherandsaid,“Badgirl,〞shelookeddownatthegroundandthenwentandhid.Isawatearinhereyes.Brownieturnedouttobemorethanjustourfamilypet,shewenteverywherewithus.Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether.Ofcourseshe’dletanyonepether.Shewasjustthemostlovabledog.Thereweremanytimeswhenwe’dbeoutwalkingandasmallchildwouldcomeoverandpullupherhair,sheneverbarked(吠)ortriedtogetaway.Funnythingisshewouldsmile.Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth.Farfromthetruth,shelovedeveryone.NowmanyyearshavepassedsinceBrowniediedofoldage.Istillmissdayswhenshewaswithus.34.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.KeepthemcompanyB.Touchthemgently.C.Playgameswiththem.D.Lookatthemsadly.35.WecaninferfromParagraph2thatBrownie.A.worldeatanythingwhenhungryB.lovedplayinghide-and-seekC.feltsorryforhermistakeD.dislikedtheauthor’sdad36.WhydoestheauthorsaythatBrowniewasmorethanjustafamilypet?A.Shewastreatedasamemberofthefamily.B.Sheplayedgameswithanyonesheliked.C.Shewenteverywherewiththefamily.D.Shewaslovedbyeverybodyshemet.37.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrownie?A.CaringB.PoliteC.BraveD.Shy【答案】34.A35.C36.D37.A36.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether.Ofcourseshe’dletanyonepether.〞人們會(huì)停下來(lái)并詢問(wèn)他們是否可以撫摸它。當(dāng)然它愿意讓任何人愛(ài)扶它。可推知見(jiàn)它的人都很喜歡它，它不僅僅是我家的寵物，所有人都喜歡它。應(yīng)選D。37.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上下文的描寫(xiě)每個(gè)人都喜歡它。第三段中“Shewasjustthemostlovabledog.〞它是最可愛(ài)的小狗。應(yīng)選A。C【湖北省襄陽(yáng)市第五中學(xué)2022屆高三第一次適應(yīng)性考試〔5月〕】Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.Theticketsmayrequireyoutotravelatspecifictimesofday,daysoftheweekoronaspecificroute.WherethereismorethanoneOff-Peakfareforajourney,thecheaperfareiscalledSuperOff-Peak.YoucanbuyOff-Peakticketsanytimebeforeyoutravel,eitheronlineoratalocalstation.ThetravelrestrictionsforyourOff-Peakticketwilldependonthejourneyyouaremaking.Theticketsmustbeusedonthedateshownontheticket.ForOff-Peakreturntickets,relatedjourneysmustbemadeonthedateshownonyourticketaswell.Childrenagedfivetofifteengeta50%discountforallOff-Peakfares.Upto2childrenunder5yearscantravelfreewitheachfarepayingadult.Railcardholdersgetl/3offallStandardClassOff-Peakfares.Senior,anddisabledRailcardholdersalsogetl/3offallFirstClassOffPeakfares.PleasenotethatminimumfaresandtimerestrictionsmayapplytoticketsboughtwithaRailcard.Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.Threeorfourcantravelforthepriceofjusttwoadults-leavingeveryonemoremoneytospendonthedayout!IfyouaretravelinginagroupoftenormoreatOff-Peaktimes,youmaybeabletoobtainafurtherdiscountthroughthetraincompanyyouaretravelingwith.Contactthetraincompanydirectlyandbeawarethatyoumayneedtobookticketsinadvance.Formoreinformation,pleasevisitnationalrail.co.uk.38.Sarah,aRailcardholder,istravelingwithher12-year-oldsonand4-year-olddaughter.Howmuchshouldtheypayforthe6-poundOff-Peakfares?A.￡6.B.￡18.C.￡7.D.￡12.39.ApartfromtheOff-Peakfairs,youmayalsosavemoneyby.A.becomingaVIPB.travelingatrushtimeC.buyingticketsonlineD.gettinggrouptraveldiscounts40.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Anannouncement.B.Aticketbookingguide.C.Abusinessreport.D.Atravelreview.【答案】38.C39.D40.B40.B主旨大意題?？v觀全文，特別是第一段第一句Off-Peakfaresarecheaperticketsfortravelingontrainsthatarelessbusy,offeringgoodvalueformoney.和最后一段第一句Ifyouplanonatraintripwithfriendsoryourfamily,youmaygetgrouptraveldiscounts.可知，本文是一篇訂票指南。應(yīng)選B?！补?小題；每題2分，總分值10分〕【新疆兵團(tuán)農(nóng)二師華山中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期學(xué)前考試】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoprotectyourearsYouandyourfriendsareleavingaconcertonaFridaynight.Whenyougetoutside,yourearsareringing.Youhavetoshouttobeheard.____41______Sonoharmdone…right?Notquite.Temporarybuzzingmaybeeasytoignore,butrepeatedexposuretoloudnoisewilleventuallycauseseriousandirreversible(無(wú)法治愈的)hearingloss.AnewstudyconductedbyresearchersatBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBostonshowsthatoneinfivepeoplebetweentheagesof12and19areexperiencingslighthearingloss,andonein20havemildhearingloss._____42_______Butthegoodnewsisthatthereplentyofwaysyoucanprotectyourearsfromfurtherdamage—andstilllistentothemusicyoulove:Askaround.Putyourearbudsinoryourheadphoneson,andthenaskafriendnexttoyouwhetherornotheorshecanhearwhatyou’relisteningto.____43_____Turnitdown.Buynoise-cancelingheadphones.Apairofearbudsorheadphonesthatfitscomfortablywilllimitoutsidenoisesothatyoucanhearyourmusicbetteratlowervolumes.Takebreaks.____44_____Sowhenlisteningtomusic,takeyourheadphonesofffor15or20minutesandletyourearsenjoythequiet.____45______Youcanbuyacheappairatanydrugstoreasaneasywaytolowervolumeatconcerts—orwhileplayingorpracticingyourownmusic—withoutchangingthequalityofthesound.A.Useearplugs.B.Keepthevolumebelow70percent.C.Iftheanswerisyes,yourmusicistooloud.D.Likeeveryotherpartofyourbody,yourearsneedrest.E.Butbymorning,yourhearingistotallybacktonormal.F.Unfortunately,there’snowaytogetbackhearingyou’vealreadylost.G.Theexposuretonoiseislouderandlongerthaninanypreviousgeneration.【解析】試題分析：文章講述的是如何人保護(hù)自己的耳朵。聲音過(guò)大會(huì)導(dǎo)致耳朵受傷，而重復(fù)的嗡嗡的噪音也會(huì)導(dǎo)致同樣的結(jié)果，比方在帶耳機(jī)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)的時(shí)候，所以要保護(hù)自己的耳朵。41.E考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)上一句：當(dāng)你到外面的時(shí)候，你的耳朵在響，必須大聲喊你才能聽(tīng)到。根據(jù)下一句：所以這樣就沒(méi)有傷害對(duì)嗎？所以可知空格上的內(nèi)容為噪音過(guò)后耳朵恢復(fù)可以聽(tīng)到了。應(yīng)選E?？键c(diǎn)：考查信息匹配III寫(xiě)作(總分值25分)【湖北省襄陽(yáng)市第五中學(xué)2022屆高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試】書(shū)面表達(dá)〔總分值25分〕你校學(xué)生會(huì)將舉行一場(chǎng)高三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)話劇比賽，請(qǐng)你以校學(xué)生會(huì)李明的名義給外教WilsonSmith寫(xiě)-封信請(qǐng)其當(dāng)裁判并說(shuō)明話劇比賽事宜。應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：1．每班限報(bào)一個(gè)話劇，人數(shù)不超過(guò)10人，不少于2人；2．話劇表演必須用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，時(shí)長(zhǎng)不超過(guò)半小時(shí)；3．話劇內(nèi)容必須思想健康，適合中學(xué)生觀看；4．時(shí)間：12月10日，地點(diǎn)：校大禮堂。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．開(kāi)頭已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearMr.Smith,