新題型03應用文寫作-浙江高考英語新題型研訓

新題型03應用文寫作2016年10月起，浙江省高考英語科目啟用了新題型，其中寫作分為兩部分，第一部分為應用文寫作，要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，寫一篇80詞左右的短文?！绢}型分析】應用文屬實用文體，有嚴格的語境限制，比如確定的時間、地點，確定的對象、范圍，確定的行文目的等。因此，應用文寫作應力求主旨鮮明，格式正確，語言簡練，語氣因人因事而異。書信、電子郵件是常見的應用文寫作考查題型，主要包括詢問信、致歉信、致謝信、慰問信、投訴信、邀請信、介紹信、求職信等，其次應用文還有：通知、發(fā)言稿、便條、日記、通知、調(diào)查報告扥。寫作時要注意格式正確，包含稱呼語（salutation），正文（body），結(jié)束語（complimentaryclose），簽名（signature）。如在2016年10月的試卷中，應用文寫作的要求是給未曾謀面的加拿大的住家（homestay）寫一封咨詢信（LetterofInquiry）。寫作時遣詞應盡量客氣一些，行文應力求具有親和力，切忌使用一些艱深的大詞，也不宜使用一些結(jié)構(gòu)過于雜糅的長句。3、對學生能力的要求

應用文相對于之前高考中的議論文、記敘文，更要求應用性、規(guī)范性、簡明性。這要求學生對各個文體尤其是郵件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意應用文所要求的語言表達與議論文、記敘文的區(qū)別。因此我們會著重培養(yǎng)學生的格式熟悉度以及相關(guān)重要句式的表達。假定你是李華，你校英語協(xié)會招聘志愿者，接待來訪的國外中學生。請你寫信應聘，內(nèi)容包括：1.口語能力：2.相關(guān)經(jīng)驗；3.應聘目的。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________?【思路點撥】本篇書面表達屬于應用文，要求寫應聘信。第一步：根據(jù)提示可知，學校英語協(xié)會招聘志愿者，接待來訪的國外中學生。要求寫封應聘信，內(nèi)容包括：1.口語能力：2.相關(guān)經(jīng)驗；3.應聘目的。第二步：根據(jù)寫作要求確定關(guān)鍵詞（組）。第三步：根據(jù)提示和關(guān)鍵詞（組）進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第四步：連句成文，注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接和過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰，保持整潔美觀的卷面是非常重要的。本文內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。另外全文中沒有中國式英語的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力。【范文】DearSirorMadam,MynameisLiHua.AndIamwritingtoapplyforbeingavolunteerofourschoolEnglishassociation.IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandhavebeentotheUSAtwice.SoIcancommunicatewellwithnativespeakersofEnglish.What’smore,Iamkindandfriendlytootherpeople.SoIcaneasilygetalongwithforeignstudents.I’mparticularlyinterestedinthisjobbecauseIwanttofurtherimprovemyoralEnglishcapabilitiesandinterpersonalcommunicationskills.HopefullyIcanreceiveyouracceptance.Yoursfaithfully,LiHua寫好應用文的第一步是準確審題。審題并不僅僅指讀題，而是一個思維過程。審題可以從以下幾個方面入手：1、判斷體裁應用文的種類繁多，按其性質(zhì)可分為一般性應用文和公務文書。一般性應用文包括書信、便條、請?zhí)⑵笗?、海報、啟事、證明、電報、便函等；公務文書包括布告、通告、指示、命令、請示等。本試題創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個語言情境，讓考生以李華的身份給英國朋友Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請他參加郊游。也就是說，試題要求考生寫一封邀請信，這屬于一般性應用文中最常見的類型：書信。2、確定格式不同類型的應用文其格式和結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的。本試題的格式是書信，要求寫明寫信的對象（即稱呼）和寫信人（即署名），正文前可適當添加問候語，如＂Howareyoudoing？＂或＂Longtimenosee。＂等?？忌仨毷熘獣蓬悜梦牡母袷?，準確寫出稱呼語、標點、結(jié)尾語和署名，以符合英語的寫作習慣。3、理清要點邀請信中需要包括三個要點：告知參加者、郊游的時間和地點、活動內(nèi)容——登山和野餐。當然考生可適當增加細節(jié)，如組織郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活動、參加郊游的意義等等。在整理要點時，考生應該特別注意以下3點：●這是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到國外去游玩的長途旅行。●郊游的時間應該具體到某一天，不要籠統(tǒng)地說下周，最好告知幾點鐘集合出發(fā)?！窦纫榻B郊游的地點，又要盡量避免透露考生信息。例如：若考生寫到Y(jié)andangMountain表明該考生可能來自溫州地區(qū)，若考生寫到theWestLake表明該考生可能來自杭州地區(qū)。那么怎樣巧妙地避免這個問題呢？考生可以將地點模糊化，如使用GreenMountain，theCentralPark等。4、明確對象寫作對象決定了考生該使用的語言和語氣、寫信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系、書信用語的正式度和委婉程度等。本試題中，考生的身份是學生，寫作的對象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，兩者是平輩的關(guān)系，就不適合使用過度的敬辭或謙辭，如＂Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcome。＂；朋友之間一般會用＂Hopetoseeyouthere。＂或＂Hopeyoucanmakeit。＂。既然是朋友，彼此應該熟知對方的email地址，看到寄信人的地址就應該知道是誰的來信，所以在郵件的開頭根本沒有必要介紹自己的身份。如有些考生寫道：＂I’mLiHua，yourfriend。＂明顯就不符合邏輯和常識。5、分析語言應用文作為一種實用性文體，是用來說明事實、解決實際問題的，側(cè)重于＂以事告人＂。所以語言要求自然得體、樸實無華、開門見山、清晰流暢。本試題是邀請信，首先要掌握的是常用套語，例如在書信的開頭常用：＂I’mwritingtoinviteyouto…＂信件的結(jié)尾常用：＂Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply。＂或＂Ireallyhopeyoucancome。＂等。其次，邀請信中的書面用語要符合朋友關(guān)系的身份設(shè)定，切忌使用過度的敬辭或謙辭。時態(tài)應以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時態(tài)為主。應用文常用句型及習慣表達1.書信開頭Iwasdelighted/gladtoreceiveyourletter.很高興收到你的來信。IhavereceivedyourletterofJunethe29th.我收到了你于6月How’sitgoing?最近怎么樣？Youaskedquestion...oblem,question...),nowletmegiveyousomeadvice.你在來信中詢問我……，現(xiàn)在讓我給你一些建議。Ithasbeenalongtimesincewemet.我們很久沒見面了。Howtimeflies!It’sthreemonthssinceIsawyoulasttime.時間過得真快！我們有三個月沒見面了。I’mwritingtothankyouforyourhelpduringmystayinAmerica.我寫信是為了感謝你對我在美國期間的幫助。2.結(jié)尾Iamlookingforwardtoreceivingyourletter.我期待你的來信。Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.我期待您早日回復。Pleasewritetomeassoonaspossible.請盡快回信。luck./luck./Wishyouthebest.祝你好運！Withbestwishes.致以我誠摯的祝福。Wishyousucess.祝你成功。Wishyouapleasantjourney.祝你旅途愉快。Pleaseremembermetoyourfamily.請代我向你的家人問好。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldreplyearlier.請盡快回信，我將不勝感激。應用文常見文體寫作模板1.感謝信(LetterofThanks)寫作模板Dear________(對象),Iamwritingtoextendmysinceregratitudefor________________________________(感謝的原因).Ifithadnotbeenforyourassistancein________________________________(對方給你的具體幫助),IfearthatIwouldhavebeen________________________________(沒有對方幫助會產(chǎn)生的后果).Everyoneagreesthatitwasyouwho________________________________(給出細節(jié)).Again,Iwouldliketoexpressmysincerethankstoyou.Pleaseacceptmysincerethanks.YoursSincerely,LiHua2.道歉信(LetterofApology)寫作模板1Dear________(對象),Iamtrulysorrythat___________________________________(道歉的原因).Thereasonisthat______________________________________(介紹原因).Onceagain,Iamsorryforanyinconveniencecaused.Hopeyoucanacceptmyappologiesandunderstandmysituation.YoursSincerely,LiMing寫作模板2Dear________(對象),Iamexcessivelysorrytosay/tellyouthat①______________(直接表達自己不能實現(xiàn)先前的愿望或約定).②Now,Iamwritingyouthisletterofapologytoshowmydeepregret__________(表達歉意).③Pleaseacceptmysincereapology__________(誠懇希望對方能接受道歉).④Ifearyouaredispleasedat_________(表達出自己的心情，并請求對方原諒).⑤Ihopeyouwillunderstandmeandexcusemefor__________(過渡句).⑥Letmeexplain(開始介紹道歉的原因).⑦Thereasonformydelay/absencewasthat_________(闡述自己當時的處境和情況).⑧Ihadnowayoutbecause___________(總結(jié)自己道歉的原因).⑨Thereforeit’snotinmypowerto___________(希望下次再次實現(xiàn)愿望).⑩Naturally,Iwanttosuggest____________.Ishallbegladifyouwillkindlywriteandtellmewhenandwhereyou____________(約定下次約會的時間和地點)WemaymeetagainandIhopetoseeyousoon.SincerelyYours,LiHua3.邀請信(LetterofInvitation)寫作模板Dear________,Therewillbea________(內(nèi)容)at/in________(地點)on________(時間).Wewouldbehonoredtohaveyoutherewithus.Theoccasionwillstartat________________(具體時間).Thiswillbefollowedbya________(進一步的安排).At________________(時間),wewillhave________________________(另一個安排).Ireallyhopeyoucanmakeit.RSVPbefore_________________________(通知你的最后期限).YoursSincerely,LiHua4.推薦信(LetterofRecommendation)寫作模板Dear______,①Itaffordsmemuchpleasuretorecommend______(要推薦的人)toyou.②Duringhis/hergraduateyearshe/shewasmy______.③Ashis/her______Ifoundhim/her______.(介紹與此人的關(guān)系)④His/Herperformanceintheschoolyearswasoutstanding.⑤First,he/shehadbeenandshowedgreattalentsin______.⑥Inaddition,he/shehasaverypleasantpersonality.⑦He/Shehasdevelopedastrongsenseof______,andworkingwithhim/herisalwayspleasant.⑧Icanstatethathe/shehasallthequalitiesofbeing______.(介紹此人的能力)⑨Therefore,Ihererecommendhim/hertoyouwithallmyheart.⑩Shouldyoufavorhim/herwithapositioninyourcompany/Shouldyouaccepthim/herinyouruniversity？Iamsurethathis/herfutureworkwillproveworthyofyourtrust.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyouattheearliestpossiblemoment.YoursSincerely,LiMing5.建議信(Letterofsuggestion)寫作模板Dear________,Youhaveaskedmeformyadvicewithregardto________________,andIwilltrytomakesomeconducivesuggestionshere.Inmyopinion,youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions:________________(建議的內(nèi)容).Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposalsuseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussthismatterwithyoutofurtherdetails.Goodluckwithyour________________(祝愿).YoursSincerely,LiHua6.申請信(LetterofApplication)寫作模板DearSirorMadam,Iwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedin________________________(報紙名稱)of________________________(廣告發(fā)布時間).NotonlydoIhavethequalificationsforthisjob,butalsoIhavetherightpersonalityfora______________(工作名稱).Ononehand,_____________________(第一個原因).Ontheotherhand,______________________(另一個原因).Shouldyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Ifyouneedtoknowmoreaboutme，pleasefeelfreetocontactmeatanytimeat________________________(電話號碼).Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication,andIamlookingforwardtomeetingyou.YoursSincerely,LiHua5.祝賀信(LetterofCongratulations)祝賀信模板Dear_______,(1)Ihavelearnedwithdelightthatyou______.(2)Iwouldliketoextendtoyoumyutmostcongratulationson____.(3)Youmustbeveryproudofyour______.(4)AndIfeelveryhappyforyou.(5)_____isquiteexcitingnews!(6)Youarereally__.(7)Iknowthisissurelyowingto___.(8)Itisarewardyoudeserveforyour__.(9)Withyour_____,Iamsurethatyouwillbeasuccessinwhateveryouundertake.(10)Kindlyletmeknowwhenyou____.(11)Ihope.(12)Mybestwishesforyourfurthersuccess.SincerelyYours,LiMing(1)獲悉值得祝賀的消息，說出祝賀事由(2)表達祝賀(3)描述對方的心情(4)表達自己的心情(5)被祝賀人所取得的成績(6)對對方的贊美(7)對方取得成績的原因(8)對對方取得成績的肯定，說出被祝賀人的優(yōu)點(9)被祝賀人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，表達對對方的祝福(10)咨詢對方的情況和時間(11)表達愿望(12)表達自己真誠的祝福7.投訴信Dear______,①Iam______（自我介紹）.②IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintabout______.③Thereasonformydissatisfactionis______（總體介紹）.④Inthefirstplace,______（抱怨的第一個方面）.⑤Inaddition,______（抱怨的第二個方面）.⑥Underthesecircumstances,Ifindit______（感覺）to______（抱怨的方面給你帶來的后果）.⑦Iappreciateitverymuchifyoucould______（提出建議和請求）,preferably______（進一步的要求）,andIwouldliketohavethismattersettledby______（設(shè)定解決事情最后期限）.⑧ThankyouforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyourreply.8.演講稿/發(fā)言稿模板①Boysandgirls/Ladiesandgentlemen,It’sagreathonorformetostandhereandgivemyspeech._________（表示榮幸）Mynameis__________.（自我介紹）Thetopicofmyspeechis___________.（提出演講主題）Tobeginwith,manypeoplesuggestthat___________.（話題或現(xiàn)象列舉）Secondly,___________.Thirdly,___________.WhatIwanttostressisthat___________.（重申主題）Foronething,.Foranother,.Besides,___________.（原因或重要性列舉）Inaword,___________.（總結(jié)）模板②Goodmorning/afternoon/evening,everyone,It’snicetoseeallofyouhere.Ifeelhonoredtohaveopportunitytogive/make/deliveryouaspeechisagreatpleasureformetospeakhere.Thetopicofmyspeechis___________________./TodayIwilltalkabout________________./It’snicetotalk/speakabout…(演講的主題)Firstofall,___________________.Besides,________________.Secondly,_________________________.What’smore,__________________(具體內(nèi)容)AsfarasIamconcerned/Inmyopinion,_____________.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat____________.Thanksforyourattention/listening.(總結(jié)演講)9.日記模板一(月、日、年、星期、天氣)(標題)Today/Yesterday,I/we.(事件)Inthemorning,we______________;then______________;afterthat______________.Bythetimewehadagoodtime.Finally.I’llneverforgetthememorableday!______________________________________(事件經(jīng)過)Fromthisactivity,Ihavelearnedthat/Ithink.______________(事件意義和自己的感想)模板二DateDayoftheweekTodayis______________.ThisafternoonIwentto______________.ThenI______________.Sittingonthetrain,Ithought______________.Atthenextstation,______________.Shelooked______________.Ihesitated______________.Theoldlady______________.Seeinghersmile,I_______________.Iwill______________.10.便條_____________(稱呼)I’mgoing____________________,andwon’tbebackuntil___________________.Ihave________________________________________________________________________.(交代留便條的原因)Atabout1o’clockthisafternoon,_________called,sayingthat______________.Sheleft__________________,butsaidthat___________________.Shewantedyouto____________.Shehasalready__________________.(便條內(nèi)容)_________1(2017·浙江卷)假定你是李華，計劃組織一次郊游，請給你的英國朋友Chris寫封郵件邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.參加者；2.時間、地點；3.活動：登山、野餐等。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】DearChris,Howareyounow?①Thepurposeofmywritingistotellyouthattherewillbeanoutgoingforusthesedays.Iwouldbehonoredtohaveyoutherewithus,enjoyingthecolorfuldays.TheoccasionwillstartonthenextSundaymorning.②WewillgotoSimingMountain,wherewecanhaveaclimb.What’smore,wecanalsoholdapicnicpartywiththelocalpeople.Ireallyhopeyoucanmakeit.AndIdolookforwardtoreceivingyourreplyletterassoonaspossible.2（2018·新課標卷I）假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關(guān)習俗。請你回復郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．到達時間；2．合適的禮物；3．餐桌禮儀。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【寫作指導】本文是一篇書信類應用文寫作。餐桌禮儀也是考生比較熟悉的話題。成文時注意以下幾點：一、內(nèi)容要點要齊全1．到達時間；2．合適的禮物；3．餐桌禮儀。二、時態(tài)：主要用一般現(xiàn)在時和將來時；三、人稱：二、三人稱。四、注意使用恰當?shù)母呒壴~匯、短語或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、適當使用一些連接詞和插入語，使文章表達自然、流暢。【范文】DearTerry,Howareyoudoing?LearningthatyouareabouttopayavisittoaChinesefriendandconfusedabouttheChinesecustoms,Iamwritingtoputforwardsomeadvice.Firstly,Iwouldliketosuggestthatyouarrive5to10minutesearlier,whichiscommoninChinesetraditionalculture.Secondly,ifIwereyou,Iwouldbringsomeappropriategiftswithme,suchassouvenirsfrommyowncountry.Besides,tablemannersarealsowhatyoushouldpayattentionto.Forexample,youarenotsupposedtostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood.Instead,layingthemonyourdishisasmartchoice.Ifyouhaveanyotherproblems,pleasedon’thesitatetocontactme. Yours LiHua3假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Peter沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲不能自拔，甚至不聽父母勸阻想要離家出走。請根據(jù)以下要點提示，寫信勸他放棄這個想法。1.網(wǎng)癮的危害；2.要尊重父母并道歉；3.建議他管理好自己的時間。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出；不計入總詞數(shù)。DearPeter,I’msorrytohearthatyouhavedecidedtoleavehomebecauseofyourconflictwithyourparents.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【范文】DearPeter,I’msorrytohearthatyouhavedecidedtoleavehomebecauseofyourconflictwithyourparents.Ithinkit’sunwisetomakesuchadecision.Addictedtoplayingonlinegames,youarenotonlywastingyourI’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua4假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國朋友Tom來信詢問霧霾嚴重時你校如何保證正常上課。請你根據(jù)以下要點給Tom回信：1.政府在學校安裝新風系統(tǒng)；2.家長捐獻空氣凈化器；3.學校減少戶外活動。參考詞匯：霧霾haze；新風系統(tǒng)freshairsystem；空氣凈化器airpurifier注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】DearTom,Iamwritinginresponsetoyourconcernaboutwaysofensuringnormalteachingactivitiesinourschoolincaseofheavyhaze.Thanksforyourconcernanyway.Severalpartiesareinvolvedinfightinghaze.Firstofall,thegovernmenthasfundedtheinstallationofthefreshairsystem.Second,enthusiasticparentshavedonatedenoughairpurifierswhichhelpimprovetheairquality.What’smore,ourschoollimitsthetimef