yeslab na-實(shí)驗(yàn)手冊(cè)ccnp路由1.4EIGRPMD5認(rèn)證

PAGEPAGE2/Yeslab-LearningondemandRS&ISPQQGroup::實(shí)驗(yàn)第一部分 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.1：EIGRP的基本配 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.2：EIGRP的單播更 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.4：EIGRPMD5認(rèn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.5：EIGRP自動(dòng)匯 n實(shí)驗(yàn)1.6：EIGRP手動(dòng)匯 n實(shí)驗(yàn)1.7：EIGRP注入默認(rèn)路 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.8：EIGRP負(fù)載均 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.9：EIGRP非等價(jià)負(fù)載均 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.10：EIGRP過(guò)濾路 實(shí)驗(yàn)1.11：EIGRP在幀中繼環(huán)境下的水平分 實(shí)驗(yàn) EIGRP配置管理流量占用帶 實(shí)驗(yàn) EIGRPstup路由 實(shí)驗(yàn)第二部分 實(shí)驗(yàn) OSPF的DRBDR選 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.2：OSPF匯 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.3：OSPF的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.3.1：在點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)OSPF的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.3.2：在廣播網(wǎng)絡(luò)的OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)類 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.3.4:NBMA下的 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.4.1：OSPF明文認(rèn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.4.2：OSPF的MD5認(rèn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.5：OSPF注入默認(rèn)路 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.6：OSPF的特殊區(qū) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.6.1：OSPF末節(jié)區(qū) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.6.2：OSPF完全末節(jié)區(qū) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.6.3：OSPF次末節(jié)區(qū) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.6.4：OSPF完全次末節(jié)區(qū) 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.7：OSPF虛電路 實(shí)驗(yàn)2.8：OSPF區(qū)域間選路 實(shí)驗(yàn)第三部分：路由控 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.1：用distribute-list過(guò)濾路由在不同協(xié)議里的用 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.1.1：在RIP 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.1.2：在EIGRP 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.1.3：在OSPF 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.1.6：只接收被4整除的路 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.2：offset-list在不同協(xié)議里的用法 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.3.1：在RIP 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.3.2： 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.3：OSPF過(guò)濾區(qū)域間的 實(shí)驗(yàn) 實(shí)驗(yàn) 解決重分布引起的次優(yōu)路徑問(wèn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.5.2：解決重分布引起的路由環(huán)路問(wèn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.6：策略路由 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.6.2：基于包大小的 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.6.3：基于應(yīng)用的 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.6.4：PBR地址的可達(dá) 實(shí)驗(yàn) 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.7.1：基本DHCP配 實(shí)驗(yàn)3.7.2：DHCP中繼服 實(shí)驗(yàn)第四部分 一:BGP的基本配 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.1建立基本的BGP鄰居關(guān) 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.2路由信息的通 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.3理解同步及解決路由黑 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.4用peer-group的方法建立鄰居關(guān) 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.5BGP的自動(dòng)匯 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.6BGP手動(dòng)匯總（地址聚合 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.1.7產(chǎn)生默認(rèn)路 二.BGP選路原 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.2.1優(yōu)選weight值更高的路 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.2.2優(yōu)選 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.2.3優(yōu)選從本路由器始發(fā)的路 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.2.4優(yōu)選有最短AS_PATH的BGP路由條 實(shí)驗(yàn)4.2.5優(yōu)選更低Origin屬性的路 EIGRP(EnhancedInteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol，增強(qiáng)型內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)路由協(xié)議)是Cisco公司ApplleTalk等多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議。由于TCP／IP是網(wǎng)絡(luò)中最常用的協(xié)議，因此本書只討論IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中的EIGRPEIGRP概 境中的EIGRPEIGRP通過(guò)發(fā)送和接收o包來(lái)建立和維持鄰居關(guān)系，并交換路由信息EIGRP的管理距離為90或(VLSM)，支持IP、IPX、AppleTalk對(duì)每一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，EIGRPEIGRPDiffusingUpdate(DUAL)無(wú)縫連接數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層協(xié)議和拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，EIGRPOSI2PAGEPAGE4/步驟1：確保直連通在R1上： 這樣可以避免將所有的子網(wǎng)都加入EIGRP進(jìn)程中。R2R2(config-router)#noauto-summary在R1上：R1#showipeigrpIP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess HoldUptime RTOQSeq CntNum 00:05:34 9000R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:05:29,PAGEPAGE10/如果通過(guò)重分布方式進(jìn)入EIGRP170，路由代碼用“DEX”表示，也說(shuō)明EIGRP路由協(xié)議能夠區(qū)分內(nèi)部路由和外部路由。R1#showipRoutingProtocolis"eigrp//EIGRPASOutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotDefaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdatesDefaultnetworksacceptedfrom ingupdatesEIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,EIGRPumhopcount//EIGRPEIGRPummetricvariancevariance1，Redistributing:eigrpEIGRPNSF-awarerouteholdtimerisAutomaticnetworksummarizationisnotinumpath: Last Distance:internal90externalR1#showipeigrpIP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess H:Address:Interface:Hold:Uptime:SRTT:RTO:ACKQCnt:SeqNum:R1R1#showipeigrpCodes:P-Passive,A-Active,U-Update,Q-Query,R-Reply,r-replyStatus,s-siaStatusP/24,1successors,FDis128256viaConnected,Loopback0P/24,1successors,FDis28160P/24,1successors,FDisvia(156160/128256),n和P:passive,A:active,S：在3“stuckinactive”地路由環(huán)路，實(shí)現(xiàn)路由的快速收斂?？尚行詶l件的為：AD<FDR1#showipeigrpXmit Pacing Un/ReliableSRTT FlowTimer Interface：運(yùn)行EIGRPPeers：XmitQueueUn/Reliable：MeanSRTT：PacingTimeUn/Reliable：MulticastFlowTimer：PendingRoutes：R1#showipeigrpIP-EIGRPTrafficStatisticsforAS1Updatessent/received:4/5Queriessent/received:0/0Repliessent/received:0/0Ackssent/received:4/1Inputqueuehighwatermark2,0dropsSIA-Queriessent/received:0/0oProcessID:182PDMProcessID: ①o：以組播的方式定期發(fā)送，用于建立和維持鄰居關(guān)系在R1上：R1(config-router)#noauto-summaryR2R2(config-router)#noauto-summary在R1上：R1#showipeigrp IP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess HoldUptime RTOQSeq 1100:05:34 9000R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:05:29,*Mar101:10:37.635:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet0/0)isdown:Staticpeer居就down掉了，那是因?yàn)镋IGRP如果要以單播建立鄰居的話，必須在二邊都是以單播的更新。R2*Mar101:12:36.339:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet0/0)isup:newEIGRP以單播的方式建立鄰居關(guān)系，當(dāng)我們的鏈路不支持組播的時(shí)候（如幀中繼，這條 R1#debugeigrppackets 101:26:30.451:EIGRP:SendingOon 1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq0/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely 101:26:30.455:EIGRP:ReceivedOonLoopback0nbr 1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq0/0idbQ 101:26:30.459:EIGRP:Packetfromourselves 101:26:33.791:EIGRP:SendingOon 1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq0/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely 101:26:34.387:EIGRP:ReceivedOonFastEthernet0/0nbr 1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq0/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0peerQun/rely現(xiàn)在去禁用在LO0上的EIGRPR1#debugeigrppackets 101:28:48.039:EIGRP:ReceivedOonFastEthernet0/0nbr 1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq0/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0peerQun/rely 101:28:48.275:EIGRP:SendingOon 1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq0/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely接口上將不接收也不發(fā)送EIGRP的所有組播和單播報(bào)文。n在R1上：KEYR1(config-if)#ipauthenticationmodeeigrp1*Mar101:42:43.079:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet0/0)isdown:authenticationmodeR1(config-if)#ipauthenticationkey-chaineigrp1R2#configureterminalR2(config-if)#ipauthenticationmodeeigrp1md5R2(config-if)#ipauthenticationkey-chaineigrp1yeslab1*Mar101:48:07.007:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet0/0)isup:new//EIGRPRIP非常相似.RIP

nR1R1(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R1(config-if)#noshutdown11/PAGEPAGE14/R2R2(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R2(config-if)#noshutdownR2(config-if)#noshutdownR2(config-if)#ipaddressR2(config-if)#ipaddressR3 R3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config-if)#ipaddressR2#showipeigrpIP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess R1#showiproute /8[90/158720]via,00:07:16,FastEthernet0/0 /8[90/30720]via,00:14:57,FastEthernet0/0 /8[90/156160]via,00:12:23,//R1收到的路由都是匯總成主類的路由，EIGRPRIP相同的地方是都是在主類的同點(diǎn)是EIGRP只匯總本地產(chǎn)生的路由。R3R2R3的將是明細(xì)，R2R1時(shí)也是明細(xì)，不R3R1查看現(xiàn)像R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,3 [90/158720]via,00:00:22, [90/158720]via,00:00:22, /8[90/30720]via,00:17:59,FastEthernet0/0 /8[90/156160]via,00:15:25,n注意：在R2上重分布進(jìn)去的路由，也不會(huì)自動(dòng)匯總。nR2(config-if)#ipaddR2(config-if)#ipaddR2(config-if)#ipaddR1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,3D [170/156160]via,00:04:15,D [170/156160]via,00:04:15,D [170/156160]via,00:04:15,/24issubnetted,3 [90/158720]via,00:07:19, [90/158720]via,00:07:19, [90/158720]via,00:07:19, /8[90/30720]via,00:24:56, /8[90/156160]via,00:22:22,nn去R1上查看路由表：R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,3D [170/156160]via,00:19:34,D [170/156160]via,00:19:34,D [170/156160]via,00:19:34,/24issubnetted,3 [90/158720]via,00:22:37, [90/158720]via,00:22:37, [90/158720]via,00:22:37,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:09:07,/24issubnetted,3 [90/156160]via,00:09:07, [90/156160]via,00:09:07, [90/156160]via,00:09:07,我們?nèi)2上做匯總，讓R1看到的路由條目更少一些：R2(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp R2(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp R2(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp1R2#showiproute/8isvariablysubnetted,4subnets,2masks /16isasummary,00:04:43,Null0/8isvariablysubnetted,4subnets,2masks /16isasummary,00:05:04,Null0 /24[90/156160]via,00:30:09,FastEthernet1/0 /24[90/156160]via,00:30:09,FastEthernet1/0 /24[90/156160]via,00:30:09,FastEthernet1/0/8isvariablysubnetted,4subnets,2 /22isasummary,00:05:13,R1R1#showiproute/16issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:01:46,/16issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:02:06,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:13:42, /22issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:02:16,R1R1(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R2R2(config-if)#noshutdown R2(config-if)#ipaddressR3R3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config-if)#ipaddressR2#TypeescapesequencetoSending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2Successrateis80percent(4/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=8/35/52R2#TypeescapesequencetoSending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2Successrateis80percent(4/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=8/28/52R1R1(config-router)#noauto-summaryR2R2(config-router)#noauto-summaryR3R3(config-router)#noauto-summaryR2R2#showipeigrpIP-EIGRPneighborsforprocess Hold Cnt 10 11 R1R1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:01:58,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:02:30,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:02:33,步驟3：產(chǎn)生默認(rèn)路由.方法①：在R2上寫一條靜態(tài)默認(rèn)，重分布進(jìn)EIGRP。R2PAGEPAGE20/R2(config)#iproutenullR1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:07:34,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:08:06,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:08:09,D*EX/0[170/28160]via,00:00:37,//我們看到了一條默認(rèn)路由，并且顯于是外部的DEX。R3上也會(huì)有，我就不展示了，可以看一下R2R2(config)#iproutenullR1#showiproute /24issubnetted,1 00:10:14, [90/158720]via/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:10:47,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:10:50, /0[90/28160]via,00:00:58,R2R2(config-if)#ipaddressR1#showiprouteR1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:17:54,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:18:26,/24issubnetted,1 /8[90/156160]via,00:00:54,FastEthernet0/0R2去R1查看：R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 23[90/158720]via,00:23:28, .0.0.0/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:24:00,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:24:03,FastEthernet0/0 /8[90/156160]via,00:00:07,FastEthernet0/0R2(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrpR1R1#showiproute /0[90/30720]via,00:00:38,去R3上查看：R3#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 /8[90/156160]via,00:03:28,FastEthernet0/0/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:26:52,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:26:52,nIPXX.1.1.X/24X=R4F0/0R1R1(config-router)#noauto-summaryR2上R2(config-router)#noauto-summaryR3R3(config-if)#routereigrp1R4R4(config-router)#noauto-summaryR1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:00:21,/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:00:21,[90/158720]via,00:00:21,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:00:31,PAGEPAGE25/改二個(gè)參數(shù)都可以讓R1失去等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡，就是延時(shí)和帶寬。R2R2#showinterfacesfastEthernetHardwareisAmdFE,addressiscc01.1624.0010(biacc01.1624.0010)Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY100//以上表明此接口的帶寬是：100M，時(shí)延為：100 R2#showinterfacesfastEthernetFastEthernet1/0isup,lineprotocolisHardwareisAmdFE,addressiscc01.1624.0010(biacc01.1624.0010)Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY150再去R1查看路由表：R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:00:00,/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:00:00,/24issubnetted,1 [90/32000]via,00:00:10,R1#showipeigrpCodes:P-Passive,A-Active,U-Update,Q-Query,R-Reply,r-replyStatus,s-siaStatusP/24,1successors,FDis28160P/24,1successors,FDis28160P/24,1successors,FDisP/24,1successors,FDis158720via(158720/156160),FastEthernet1/0via(160000/157440),P/24,1successors,FDisvia(30720/28160),我們?nèi)ゴ_定一個(gè)可變量的倍數(shù)就可以了。這里有2倍就夠了。R1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:00:43,/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:00:43,/24issubnetted,1subnets [90/33280]via,00:00:43,[90/32000]via,00:00:43,條目成為FS。還有另一個(gè)辦法就是做用命令offset-list，我們?cè)诤竺鏁?huì)講到。R3R3#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:01:02,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:00:21,/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:01:06,/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:00:03,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:48:14,在R3上寫控制列表R3(config)#access-list10denyR3(config)#access-list10permitanR3(config)#access-list10permitR3#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:04:58,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:04:17,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:52:10,這里沒(méi)有動(dòng)R2，所以R2上是能看到全部的，如下：R2#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:08:00,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:05:19,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:08:04,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:07:00,步驟1：先配置R4為一臺(tái)幀中繼交換機(jī)：R4-FR(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-typeciscoR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayintf-typedceR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute102interfaceserial0/2201R4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute103interfaceserial0/3301R4-FR(config-if)#noshutdownR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-typeciscoR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayintf-typedceR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute201interfaceserial0/1102R4-FR(config-if)#noshutdownPAGEPAGE29/R4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayintf-typedceR1R1(config)#interfaceserial0/0R1(config-if)#ipaddressR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip102R1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip103broadcastR1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config-if)#ipaddR2R2(config)#interfaceserial0/0R2(config-if)#ipaddressR2(config-if)#frame-relaymapip201R2(config-if)#frame-relaymapip201broadcastR2(config-if)#noshutdownR2(config-if)#ipaddressR3R3(config)#interfaceserial0/0R3(config-if)#ipaddressR3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip301R3(config-if)#frame-relaymapip301R2R2#TypeescapesequencetoSending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=12/64/124msR2#TypeescapesequencetoSending5,100-byteICMPEchosto,timeoutis2Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=68/125/212R1R1(config-router)#noauto-summaryR2R3R3(config-router)#noauto-summaryR1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:00:34,/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:02:17,R2R2#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:02:10,R3R3#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:01:40,R1(config-if)#noipsplit-horizoneigrp在R2上：R2#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:01:00,/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:08:18,R3R3#showiproute/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:01:03,/24issubnetted,1 ]via,00:07:50,//關(guān)閉水平分割以后，R1,R3都正常的學(xué)習(xí)到了路由。 PAGEPAGE30/R2R2#showinterfacesserial0/0Serial0/0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisInternetaddressisMTU1500bytes,BW1544Kbit,DLY20000256KEIGRP772K，大R2R3(config-if)#bandwidth64R3(config-if)#ipbandwidth-percenteigrp1實(shí)驗(yàn) EIGRPstup路由步驟2：配置好基本的EIGRP。R1上查看路由表：R1#showip/24issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:01:06,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:01:15,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:01:09,/24issubnetted,1 /24issubnetted,1subnets isdirectlyconnected,1：打開(kāi)EIGRP的debug信息，去查看一條路由后。R1發(fā)送的query報(bào)文R1#debugeigrppackets2：然后去shutdownR1#configureterminalR1(config)#interfaceloopback0R1(config-*Mar100:08:11.387:EIGRP:EnqueueingQUERYonFastEthernet0/0iidbQun/rely0/1serno6-PAGEPAGE33/*Mar100:08:11.391:EIGRP:EnqueueingQUERYonFastEthernet0/0nbriidbQun/rely0/0peerQun/rely0/0serno6-*Mar100:08:11.395:EIGRP:SendingQUERYon*Mar1 AS1,Flags0x0,Seq7/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0serno6-*Mar100:08:11.579:EIGRP:ReceivedQUERYonFastEthernet0/0nbr*Mar100:08:11.579: AS1,Flags0x0,Seq12/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0peerQun/rely0/0*Mar100:08:13.367:%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceLoopback0,changedstatetoadministratively*Mar100:08:14.367:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceLoopback0,changedstatetoR2(config)#routereigrp1*Mar100:10:50.171:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet0/0)isdown:peerinfo*Mar100:10:50.179:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet1/0)isdown:peerinfochanged*Mar100:10:53.095:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet0/0)isup:newadjacency*Mar100:10:54.223:%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE:IP-EIGRP(0)1:Neighbor(FastEthernet1/0)isup:new4：再去R1上noshutdown和shutdownR1(config)#interfaceloopback0R1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config-*Mar100:11:47.595:EIGRP:ReceivedQUERYonFastEthernet0/0nbr*Mar100:11:47.595: AS1,Flags0x0,Seq26/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0peerQun/rely0/0*Mar100:11:49.387:%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceLoopback0,changedstatetoadministratively*Mar100:11:50.387:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceLoopback0,changedstateto配置成EIGRPSTUP路由器后。就會(huì)向鄰居自己的，以后鄰居將不會(huì)再向自己發(fā)送查詢報(bào)文了。R1#showip/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:05:29,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:05:29,/24issubnetted,1 isdirectlyconnected,R3#showip/24issubnetted,1 isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0/24issubnetted,1subnets isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0/24issubnetted,1subnets[90/156160]via,00:05:46,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:05:46,R2(config-router)#eigrpstub Doadvertiseconnected Allowdynamicprefixesbasedontheleak-map SetIP-EIGRPasreceiveonlyneighborredistributedDoadvertiseredistributedroutes Doadvertisestatic Doadvertisesummary做為一個(gè)STUPsummaryR2(config)#interfacefastEthernetR2(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp1R1#showip/16issubnetted,1 [90/158720]via,00:00:32,/24issubnetted,1 [90/30720]via,00:01:38,/24issubnetted,1 [90/156160]via,00:01:38,/24issubnetted,1 isdirectlyconnected,PAGEPAGE35/R2(config)#iproutenullR2(config)#routereigrpR2(config-router)#redistributeR2(config-router)#eigrpstubR1#showip/24issubnetted,1D [170/28160]via,00:01:33,/24issubnetted,1 isdirectlyconnected,R2(config)#routereigrpR2(config-router)#eigrpstubreceive-R1#showip/24issubnetted,1 isdirectlyconnected,OSPF（OpenShortestPathFirst,開(kāi)放最短鏈路優(yōu)先）路由協(xié)議是典型的鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議。OSPFIETF20世紀(jì)80OSPFSPFOSPFRFC1131OSPF本1，但是版本1很快被進(jìn)行了重大改進(jìn)的版本所代替，這個(gè)新版本體現(xiàn)在RFC1247文檔中。RFC1247被稱為OSPF版本2,是為了明確其在穩(wěn)定性和功能性方面的實(shí)質(zhì)性改進(jìn)。這個(gè)OSPF版本有許多更新文檔，每一個(gè)更新都是對(duì)開(kāi)放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精心改進(jìn)。接下來(lái)的一些規(guī)范出現(xiàn)在RFC1583和2328中。OSPF版本2的版體現(xiàn)在RFC2328中。而OSPF版本3是關(guān)于IPv6的。OSPF換路由信息。OSPF的特性如下:支持VLSM支持簡(jiǎn)單口令和MD5OSPFOSPFcostOSPF鄰居表、拓?fù)浔砗吐酚杀睃c(diǎn)到多點(diǎn)型（Point-to-MultiPoint）。不同的二層鏈路的類型需要OSPF不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型來(lái)適應(yīng)。下面的幾個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是學(xué)習(xí)OSPF先算法(SPF)是Dijkstra發(fā)明的。OSPF路由器利用SPF，獨(dú)立地計(jì)算出到達(dá)任意目的地的最佳路由。R1R1(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config-if)#ipaddressR2R2(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R2(config-if)#noshutdownR2(config)#interfacefastEthernet1/0R2(config-if)#noshutdownR2(config)#interfaceloopback0R2(config-if)#ipaddressR3R3(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config)#interfacefastEthernet1/0R3(config-if)#noshutdownR3(config)#interfaceloopback0R3(config-if)#ipaddressR4R4(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R4(config-if)#noshutdownR4(config)#interfaceloopback0R4(config-if)#ipaddressR1R2PAGEPAGE40/R3R4OSPF路由進(jìn)程ID的范圍必須在1-65535之間，而且只有本地含義，不同路由器區(qū)域ID是在0- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)區(qū)域ID為0或時(shí)稱為主干區(qū)域；確定RouterID①最優(yōu)先的是在OSPF進(jìn)程中用命令“router-id”指定了路由器OSPFID，那么選擇IPIP址為RouterID；③如果沒(méi)有環(huán)回接口，就選擇最大的活動(dòng)的物理接口的IP地址為RouterIDR1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,00:04:33,/32issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,00:04:33,/24issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,00:05:16,/32issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,00:05:16,/32issubnetted,1O [110/4]via,00:03:44,OSPF3224“Point-to-Point”，R2(config)#interfaceloopbackR2(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-這樣收到的路由條目的掩碼長(zhǎng)度和通告的一致。（這里就不在各個(gè)路由器上一一展示R1#showipRoutingProtocolis"ospf1"http://當(dāng)前路由器運(yùn)行的OSPF進(jìn)程OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotRouterID//本路由器Numberofareasinthisrouteris1.1normal0stub0umpath:4Routingfor55area55area//以上二行表明OSPFReferencebandwidthunitis100mbpsRoutingInformationSources: Last Distance:(defaultis110)//OSPF用命令：showipospfinterfaceR1#showipospfinterfacefastEthernetFastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisInternetAddress/24,Area1//該接口的地址和運(yùn)行的OSPFProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost://以上表示進(jìn)程ID，路由器ID，網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型，接口CostTransmitDelayis1sec,StateBDR,PriorityDesignatedRouter(ID),InterfaceaddressBackupDesignatedrouter(ID),InterfaceaddressTimerintervalsconfigured,o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmit5oob-resynctimeout oduein //距離下次發(fā)送o包的時(shí)SupportsLink-localSignalingIndex2/2,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis umisLastfloodscantimeis0 umis0NeighborCountis1,Adjacentneighborcountis Adjacentwithneighbor(Designated //已經(jīng)建立鄰接關(guān)系的鄰居路由器Suppressofor0R1#showipospfNeighbor Dead 以上輸出表明路由器R1ID為Pri：State：DeadTime：Address：Interface：⑥“-”：表示點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)的鏈OSPF不進(jìn)行DROSPF①o間隔和dead間隔不同同一鏈的o包間隔和dead間隔必須相同才能建立鄰接關(guān)系。默認(rèn)情況下，o包發(fā)送間o間隔（秒Dead間隔（秒默認(rèn)時(shí)Dead間隔是o間隔的四倍?？梢栽诮涌谙峦ㄟ^(guò)“ipospfo-interval”和“ipospfdead-interval”命令調(diào)整。（如stub，nssa等）④認(rèn)證類型或不一致ID⑥o包被ACL⑦鏈的MTU不匹配R1#showipospfOSPFRouterwithID()(ProcessID1)RouterLinkStates(Area1)Link ADV ChecksumLink 0x007C57 0x00FDDD以上輸出是R11LinkID：是指LinkStateID,②ADVRouter：是指通告鏈路狀態(tài)信息的路由器Age：Seq#：Checksum：Linkcount： OSPF的DRBDR選個(gè)DR，每個(gè)路由器都與之建立鄰接關(guān)系。DR的同時(shí)也出一個(gè)BDR，在DR失效的時(shí)候，BDR擔(dān)負(fù)起DR的職責(zé)，而且所有其它路由器只與DR和BDR建立鄰接關(guān)系；DR和BDR有它們自己的組播地址DR和BDR的是以各個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)的，也就是說(shuō)DR和BDR是一個(gè)路由器的接口特性，而DR的原則①首要因素是時(shí)間，最先啟動(dòng)（40秒內(nèi)依然沒(méi)有另人）的路由器被成②如果同時(shí)啟動(dòng)，或者重新，則看接口優(yōu)先級(jí)（范圍為0-255），優(yōu)先級(jí)最高的被成DR，默認(rèn)情況下，多路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的接口優(yōu)先級(jí)為1，點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口優(yōu)先級(jí)為0，修改接口優(yōu)先級(jí)令是“ipospfpriority”，如果接口的優(yōu)先級(jí)被設(shè)置為0，那么該接口將不參與DR；③如果前兩者相同，最后看路由器ID，路由器ID最高的被成DR是非搶占的，除為地重新。重新DR的方法有兩種，一是路由器重新啟動(dòng)，二是執(zhí)行“clearipospfprocess”命令。PAGEPAGE42/R1(config)#interfacefastEthernetR1(config-if)#ipospfpriorityR1#showipospfinterfacefastEthernet0/0FastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:1TransmitDelayis1sec,StateBDR,Priority10R2#showipospfNeighbor Dead R2#clearipospfResetALLOSPFprocesses?[no]:R2#showipospfNeighbor Dead 重選的BDR。shutdown二邊端口，再打開(kāi)，就會(huì)重新選DRR3(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R3(config-if)#ipospfpriority0Neighbor Dead 現(xiàn)在去查看R1上的路由表：R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,04:55:34,PAGEPAGE48//32issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,04:55:35,/24issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,04:55:35,/32issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,04:55:35,/32issubnetted,1O [110/4]via,04:55:35,要匯總R2,R3的環(huán)回口路由，把32位匯總成16位。R2R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,04:59:17,/16issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,04:59:17,/24issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,04:59:17,/16issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,04:59:17,/32issubnetted,1O [110/4]via,04:59:17,是屬于區(qū)域2的，所以我們要去R3上做。R4(config)#interfaceloopbackR4(config-if)#ipaddR4(config-if)#ipospf1area R4(config)#interfaceloopback2R4(config-if)#ipaddressR4(config-if)#ipospf1areaR1R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,05:14:08,/16issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,00:12:41,/24issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,05:14:08,/16issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,00:12:12,/32issubnetted,3O [110/4]via,05:14:08,O [110/4]via,00:02:48,O [110/4]via,00:02:58,R1#showiproute/24issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,05:17:45,/16issubnetted,1O [110/3]via,00:16:17,/24issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,05:17:45,/16issubnetted,1O [110/2]via,00:15:49,/22issubnetted,1O [110/4]via,00:01:23,在R4上：R4(config-if)#ipaddressR4(config-if)#ipaddressR4(config-if)#ipaddress再去R1上查看路由表：R1#showiprouteO [110/20]via,00:01:42,O [110/20]via,00:01:41,O [110/20]via,00:01:41,/22issubnetted,1O [110/4]via,00:17:00,區(qū)域外的路由匯總要到ASBR上去匯，這里指的就是R4。R1#showiproute/22issubnetted,1O [110/20]via,00:00:39,/22issubnetted,1O [110/4]via,00:19:26,點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的二層網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型主要出現(xiàn)的地方有二個(gè)：1是串行鏈路，2R1上R1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config-if)#ipaddressR2R2(config-if)#noshutdownR2(config-if)#ipaddress在R1上：R1#showipospfinterfaces0/0Serial0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:TransmitDelayis1sec,StateTimerintervals o10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmitoduein00:00:02Index2/2,floodqueuelength0Next0x0(0)/0x0(0)Lastfloodscanlengthis1,umisLastfloodscantimeis0msec,umis0msecNeighborCountis1,Adjacentneighborcountis1Suppressofor0neighbor(s)R1R1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkR2上R2(config-if)#ipospfnetworkR1#showipospfinterfaceserial0/0Serial0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:在R1上:R2R1#showipospfinterfaces0/0Serial0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypeNON_BROADCAST,Cost:TransmitDelayis1sec,StateWAITING,Priority1NodesignatedrouteronthisnetworkNobackupdesignatedrouteronthisTimerintervals o30,Dead ait120,Retransit R1R1R2R1#showipospfinterfaceserial0/0Serial0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,Cost:在R1上：R2R1#showipospfinterfaceserial0/0Serial0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,Area

49/PAGEPAGE50/R1#showipospfNeighbor Dead FastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:R1(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R2(config)#interfacefastEthernet0/0R1#showipospfinterfacefastEthernet0/0FastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress/24,AreaProcessID1,RouterID,NetworkTypePOINT_TO_POINT,Cost:R1S0/0口是點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)類型。（默認(rèn)就是）在R1上：R2R2(config)#interfaceserial0/0R1#showipospfNeighbor Dead R1#showip/24issubnetted,1 isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0/24issubnetted,1subnets isdirectlyconnected,再去查看OSPF的拓?fù)浔恚篟1#showipospfOSPFRouterwithID()(ProcessID1)RouterLinkStates(Area0)Link ADV ChecksumLink D0x00EB3B D0x00CD9DNetLinkStates(AreaLink ADV O時(shí)間是一致的，所以鄰居關(guān)系是可以起來(lái)的。 的鏈路（點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)非廣播）是可以相互學(xué)習(xí)的，但前提是要去改變O時(shí)間讓鄰居關(guān)系起來(lái)。這里就不一一展示，可以根據(jù)以上二的實(shí)驗(yàn)去看看結(jié)果。步驟1：先配置R4為一臺(tái)幀中繼交換機(jī)：PAGEPAGE56/R4-FR(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-typeciscoR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayintf-typedceR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute102interfaceserial0/2201R4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute103interfaceserial0/3301R4-FR(config-if)#noshutdownR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-typeciscoR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayintf-typedceR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayroute201interfaceserial0/1102R4-FR(config-if)#noshutdownR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relaylmi-typeciscoR4-FR(config-if)#frame-relayintf-typedceR1R1(config)#interfaceserial0/0R1(config-if)#ipaddressR1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip102R1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip103broadcastR1(config-if)#noshutdownR1(config-if)#ipaddR2R2(con