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[模擬]考研英語模擬279

多項(xiàng)選擇

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimes

committedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsociety

asthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories_1_ontheindividual

suggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior_2_theywerenot

sufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearned

criminalbehaviorthrough_3_withothers.Theoriesfocusingontherole

ofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin_4_totheirfailure

toriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,_5_asarejectionof

middle-classvalues.

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildren

fromdisadvantagedfamilies,_6_thefactthatchildrenfromwealthy

homesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes_7_lackof

adequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare

8tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly_9_juvenile

crimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat_10_tofewerjob

opportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment_11_makegainful

employmentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmay

in_12_leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

Familieshavealso_13_changestheseyears.Morefamilies

consistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;_14_,children

arelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome_15_wascommoninthe

traditionalfamily_16_.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthought

tobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other_17_causesof

offensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased

_18_ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing_19_ofchildabuseand

childneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityof

achildcommittingacriminalact,_20_adirectcausalrelationship

hasnotyetbeenestablished.

a

第i題:

A.acting

B.relying

C.centering

D.commenting

1

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:平行句子結(jié)構(gòu)+分詞短語辨析。[A]acting(on)

對...起作用[B]relying(on)依靠,指望

[C]centering(on)以...為中心,圍繞;集中于....[D]commenting(on)

對……作出評論

第2題:

A.before

B.unless

C.until

D.because

參考答案:D

答案解析:

[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]before在……之前,表時(shí)間

[B]unless如果不,除非,表?xiàng)l件[C]until直到...才,表時(shí)間[D]because因

為,表因果

第3題:

A.interaction

B.assimilation

C.cooperation

D.consultation

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:名詞短語辨析。[A]interaction(with)與...

的互相作用,互相影響[B]assimilation(into)適應(yīng)、同化、融入...

[C]cooperation(with)與...的合作[D]consultation(with)和....的商議

第4題:

A.return

B.reply

C.reference

D.response

參考答案:D

答案解析:

[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:固定搭配。[A](in)return(for)作為對...

的報(bào)答,交換[B](in)reply(to)作為對...的答復(fù)[C](in)reference

(to)關(guān)于[D](in)response(to)作為對...的反應(yīng)/答復(fù)

第5題:

2

A.or

B.butrather

C.but

D.orelse

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]or或者,表并列[B]butrather

(非固定搭配)[C]but而是,表轉(zhuǎn)折[D]orelse否則,要不然

第6題:

A.considering

B.ignoring

C.highlighting

D.discarding

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。

[A]considering考慮到,鑒于[B]ignoring忽視[Cjhighlighting突出

[D]discarding丟棄,拋棄

第7題:

A.on

B.in

C.for

D.with

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系+介詞用法辨析。Won涉及、關(guān)于

[B]in以..方式[C]for因?yàn)閇Djwith表伴隨

第8題:

A.immune

B.resistant

C.sensitive

D.subject

參考答案:D

答案解析:

[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)做表語。[A]immune(to)免疫的,

不受影響的[B]resistant(to)有抵抗力的[C]sensitive(to)敏感的

[D]subject(to)易受...影響的

3

第9題:

A.affect

B.reduce

C.check

D.reflect

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。[A]affect影響,

感動(dòng),感染[B]reduce減少,縮小,還原[C]check檢查,制止,核對[D]reflect

反射,反映,表現(xiàn)

第10題:

A.point

B.lead

C.come

D.amount

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+動(dòng)詞短語辨析。[A]point(to)

指向,指明,讓人注意到[B]lead(to)通向,導(dǎo)致,引起,造成[C]come(to)

談及,到達(dá),共計(jì),恢復(fù)知覺[D]amount(to)總計(jì),等于,等同,接近

第11題:

A.ingeneral

B.onaverage

C.bycontrast

D.atlength

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:句內(nèi)語義+固定短語。[A]ingeneral通常,一

般說來[B]onaverage平均起來[C]bycontrast對比起來[D]atlength最

后,終于;充分地,詳細(xì)地

第12題:

A.case

B.short

C.turn

D.essence

參考答案:C

4

答案解析:

[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:句內(nèi)語義+固定搭配。[A](in)case假使,

如果,萬一[B](in)short簡而言之,總而言之[C](in)turn輪流

地,依次;又(對別人)做同樣的事[D](in)essence本質(zhì)上

第13題:

A.survived

B.noticed

C.undertaken

D.experienced

參考答案:D

答案解析:

[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+動(dòng)賓搭配。[A]survived經(jīng)歷……

后依然活著,幸免于[B]noticed注意到[C]undertaken承擔(dān),許諾

[D]experienced經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn)

第14題:

A.contrarily

B.consequently

C.similarly

D.simultaneously

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]contrarily相反地,表對比

[B]consequently所以,因此,表因果[C]similarly同樣地,類似于,表比較

[D]simultaneously同時(shí)地,表比較

第15題:

A.than

B.that

C.which

D.as

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:從句中的關(guān)系代詞。[A]than兼有連詞和代詞

的性質(zhì),引導(dǎo)比較成分[B]that關(guān)系代詞,不能引導(dǎo)比較成分[C]which關(guān)系

代詞,不能引導(dǎo)比較成分[D]as關(guān)系代詞,不能單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)比較成分

第16題:

A.system

B.structure

5

C.concept

D.heritage

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。[A]system系統(tǒng),

體系,體制[B]structure結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造[C]concept觀念,概念[D]heritage遺

產(chǎn),傳統(tǒng)

第17題:

A.assessable

B.identifiable

C.negligible

D.incredible

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:形容詞用法辨析。[A]assessable可估價(jià)的,

容易接近、得到和使用的[B]identifiable可以確認(rèn)的[C]negligible

可以忽略的,不予重視的[D]incredible難以置信的,驚人的

第18題:

A.expense

B.restriction

C.allocation

D.availability

參考答案:D

答案解析:

[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。[A]expense費(fèi)用,

代價(jià)[B]restriction限制;約束[C]allocation分配,安置[D]availability

可獲得性,有效性,實(shí)用性

第19題:

A.incidence

B.awareness

C.exposure

D.popularity

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。[A]incidence(of)

發(fā)生(率)[B]awareness(of)意識,知道[C]exposure(to)暴露,揭露

[D]popularity普及,流行,出名

6

第20題:

A.provided

B.since

C.although

D.supposing

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]provided倘若,表?xiàng)l件[B]since

因?yàn)?,既然,表因果或讓步[C]although雖然,盡管,表轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步

[D]supposing萬一,假使,表?xiàng)l件

多項(xiàng)選擇

Outwiththenew,andinwiththeold.Europeisbreathtaking.Iheard

theanecdotes,seenthepicturesandwatchedthetravelshows,butnothing

couldhavepreparedmefortherawpowerof600millioncellphones.The

OldWorldisbiggerthanlife!OnceIlookedbeyondtheseaofcellphones

though,IbegantoseeEuropeforwhatitis-amarvelousadventureinto

historyandavisualandartisticorgy.

Sinceourculturesaresodifferentnow,it'seasytoforget

thatwewerefoundedbyEuropeans.Let,stakealookatsomecommonmyths

aboutthemodernEuro-U.S.relationship.

Myth#l:TheeurowillrivaltheAmericandollarwhileproviding

securitytoEurope.Maybe,maybenot.Butthereisnodisputingthe

marketinggeniusofthenewcurrency.Billscomeindenominationsof500,

200,100,50,20,10and5(no1's),whilecoinsareprintedas50一,20

一,10一,5一,2一and1-centpieces.Withthelackofone-eurobills

andtheabsurd2-centpieces,bytheendofthedayyouarecrushedwith

coins.(WhereinaU.S.solutionpresentsitself:spendthecoins.)Ifthe

U.S.eliminatedone-dollarbillsandaddeda2-centpiece,theGDPwould

increaseexponentially.

Myth#2:ThepaceoflifeisslowerinEurope.Whoeverthought

ofthisgemhasnevervisitedItaly,where,forexample,spotlightsare

mere“suggestions”asLet,sGo:Europedescribes.I'veneverbeentoNew

YorkCity,butIcan,timagineitbeingmorehecticthananyItaliancity.

It'snotjustinItaly,either,Europeiseverybitasfast-pacedasthe

U.S.

Myth#3:AmericanbusinessesareeverywhereinEurope.Thishas

ledtoanti-AmericanprotestsbyFrenchfarmers,Englishfarmersand

Spanishfarmers.Solution?Pullthemall,fromMcDonald,stoNiketoU.S.

recordlevels.Afterashortspell,however,theEuropeanswillmissthe

BigMacs,theirsneakersandtheirBrittanySpearsandwilllikelydo

7

anythingtogetthemback.Sure,intheshortrun,aU.S.company,sprofits

maydipfrom$190billionto$189.99billion,butinthelongrun,Europe

willbeours.ThereisabafflingparadoxplaguingEuropeans.Whatbothers

themisnotsomuchtheirdislikeforAmericanproducts,rather,what

drivesthemcrazyisthattheylikeAmericanproducts,especiallyitems

fromthevastcatalogueofAmericanpopculture.

Myth#4:Europeismorebeautifulandartistic,andEuropeans

arebetterthanAmericans.Maybe,maybenot.There'snowaytooverstate,

however,thattheEuropeanwayisundeniablydifferentfromtheAmerican

way.AsforthegloriousartandarchitecturesoubiquitousinEurope,

there'snothingtheU.S.cando-we.areonly226yearsold.

Buttheotherdifferencesarenotsoeasytodismiss:Europeans

smokeeverywhere;wepracticallyforbiditinourhomes.Theybringpets

torestaurants;welockourpetsincars.Ifyougetlessthanfourweeks

vacationinEuropeyou,regettingscrewed;ifyougetmorethantwoweeks

intheU.S.,youareprobablyretired.

Thebottomlineisthis:ifmakinglessmoneyisthetrade-off

formoretimetolive,toseelife'sbeautifulmoments,toriseabovethe

rampantmaterialismintheUnitedStates,thenyes,Europeansarebetter.

If,ontheotherhand,devisingnewwaystoproducecapital,compiling

planstoincreaseworkerproductivityandmaking,asmuchmoneyasyou

canislife'spinnacle,thenyes,Americansarebetter.Inotherwords,

outwiththenewandinwithold.

第21題:

Inthethirdparagraph,bysaying,“IftheU.S.eliminatedone-dollarbills

andaddeda2-centpiece,theGDPwouldincreaseexponentiallyn,what's

theauthor,stone?

A.serious

B.sarcastic

C.optimistic

D.humorous

參考答案:D

答案解析:

文章大意:大西洋兩岸的人們?nèi)绾慰创龑Ψ??作者以調(diào)侃幽默的語氣,分析4

個(gè)普遍觀點(diǎn),寫出了歐美的不同及緊密的聯(lián)系?!綝】整篇文章的基調(diào)是調(diào)侃幽

默的,如果美國取消一美元的紙幣而增加2分的硬幣,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值會成倍增長,

作者用的是玩笑口吻。

第22題:

8

What'stheauthor,srealopinionaboutpaceoflifeinEuropeandAmerica?

A.Italy"spaceoflifeishigherthanotherEuropeancountries'.

B?Italy'spaceoflifeishigherthanthatofAmerica.

C.ThepaceoflifeisindeedslowerinEuropethaninAmerica.

D.ThepaceoflifeisthesameinEuropeasinAmerica.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

【C】作者舉意大利的例子實(shí)際上是說因交通系統(tǒng)效率不高而造成hectic(忙亂

的),而不是說意大利的生活節(jié)奏快。

第23題:

Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.EuropeanfarmersprotestAmericanbusinessinEurope.

B.TheauthoradvisestopullbusinessbackfromEuropetopunishthe

farmers.

C.EuropeanpeoplelikeandneedAmericanproducts.

D.IfAmericadrawbackit'sbusinessesfromEurope,itwon,tlose

profitsbutearnmore.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[B]參照原文,并沒有懲罰農(nóng)民的意思。

第24題:

Theitalicizedword,ubiquitous”inthesixthparagraphmeans?

A.much

B.many

C.widespread

D.unique

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[C]ubiquitous的意思是普誼存在的,到處存在的。

第25題:

Fromthelastparagraphwecaninfertheauthor'sopinionisthat.

A.bothAmericanandEuropeanwayoflifehavetheirown

characteristicsandadvantages

B.Europeanwayoflifeisbetterbecauseitdoesnotattachtoomuch

importanceonmaterials.

C.Americanwayoflifeisbetterbecauseitcanhelppeopletoget

theirlife,spinnacle.

D.neitherofthetwowaysoflifeisgood.

9

參考答案:A

答案解析:

,【A】作者從不同的方面說明美國與歐洲的生活方式各有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

[1]Thecomplexityofthecigarette'songoingdevastationtopublic

healthinAmericasometimesappearsoverwhelmingbecauseofits

intermeshingofhumanfrailtieswiththeexistenceofadominantindustry

andmanysub-industrieswhichseemcommittedtoservingtheneedsofthat

humanfrailty,nomatterwhatthecost.However,thereareanumberof

specificcoursesthiscountrycouldtaketobegintocopewiththis

nationalhealthdisaster.

Firstandforemost,beforeweasacountrycanbeginaplanof

actiontodealwiththecigarette,wemustfaceuptotheenormityofthe

problemthatcigarettesnowpose.[2]Wehavetocastasidethatsense

ofresignationtocigarettesanddeathandrecognizecigarettesforwhat

theyare—auniqueproblemthatmeritsauniquesolution.

Onemightinitiallybetemptedtoarguethatcigarettesarenot

anydifferentfromalcoholorevenfood;thatanythingcanbeoverused

tothepointofbecomingahealththreat.Actually,unlikeotherforms

oflegalrecreationsuchasalcoholconsumption,thereis,forall

practicalpurposes,noknownsafelevelofuseforcigarettesoranyknown

healthbenefit.Whiletherearethosewhoabusealcohol,eitherby

drinkingtothepointitisphysicallydamagingorcombiningdrinkingwith

drivinganautomobile,themajorityofpeoplewhousealcoholconsumeit

atlevelsthatareharmless.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmokers,however,

smokeatlevelswhicharedefinitelydetrimentaltohealth.Duetotheir

addictivenature,itisforallpracticalpurposesnotpossibletosmoke

a^safe^numberofcigarettesperday.Indeed,alcoholmayoffersomehealth

benefits.Recently,numberofinvestigatorshaveshownthatmoderate

consumptionofalcohol“oneortwodrinksaday“mayoffersomeprotection

againstcoronaryheartdiseasebycontributingtotheelevationofhigh

densitylipoproteins.

Letus,asacountry,makeapolicydecisiononewayoranother

oncigarettes.[3]GivenourexperienceswithProhibitioninthe1920,s,

agovernmentattempttodenyaccesstoacommoditythatpeoplewant,the

outlawingofcigarettesseemslikeanunrealisticoption.However,wecan

removeourheadsfromthesandandfacetheultimatequestion:Arethe

economicbenefitsofcigarettesimportantenoughtothiscountrythatthey

justifytheprematuredeathsof400,000Americanseachyear?Smokingcosts

thenationabout$11billionsindirectmedicalexpensesand$36billions

inlostproductivityduetoillnessandprematuredeatheachyear.

Cigarettesmokerspayonly$7billionsannuallyinexcisetaxes,however,

and,evenwiththetobaccoindustry,sdirectcontributionstothe

io

economy(about$22billionsperyear),westillcomeupshort.

(442words)

1.intermesh[v.]迎合,適合

2.frailty[n.]薄弱,虛弱,弱點(diǎn)[同義]weakness,feebleness,

infirmity

3.pose[n.]姿勢,姿態(tài)

4.merit[v.]應(yīng)獲得(某事物),值得[同義]deserve,incur

5.beoverusedto…被濫用于…

第26題:

Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat

A.thepublicshowsgreatconcernovercigarettessmoking.

B.Americaisinaratheruniquepositiontodealwiththecigarette

disaster.

C.manypeoplereconcilethemselvestothedamagingeffectsof

cigarettes.

D.cigarettessmokingisdetrimentaltohealth.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

參考譯文在美國,吸煙對公眾健康的危害的復(fù)雜性有時(shí)候顯得壓倒一切,

因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問題將人類的弱點(diǎn)和占主導(dǎo)地位的工業(yè)和許多致力于滿足人類這種弱

點(diǎn)、且不顧其代價(jià)的子工業(yè)聯(lián)系在一起。然而在這個(gè)國家,還是有許多方法可以

選擇,以應(yīng)付這個(gè)全國性的健康災(zāi)難。首先,作為一個(gè)國家,在我們制

定一項(xiàng)解決煙草問題的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃之前,我們必須正視香煙給我們帶來的問題的嚴(yán)

重性。我們必須拋開對香煙和死亡聽之任之的觀念,正確認(rèn)識吸煙問題一一這是

一個(gè)獨(dú)特的問題,需要用獨(dú)特的方法來解決。起初人們可能傾向于認(rèn)為

香煙跟酒、甚至跟食物沒有什么區(qū)別,認(rèn)為任何東西用多了都會危及健康。事實(shí)

上,香煙與酒等消遣或休養(yǎng)方式是極為不同的。盡管人們懷著許多實(shí)用的目的使

用香煙,但到目前為止它的使用沒有已知的安全限度或益處。盡管有些人酗酒、

因酒危及健康或酒后駕車,但大多數(shù)人飲酒不會達(dá)到危及健康的水平。然而多數(shù)

吸煙者卻會達(dá)到危及生命的程度。由于吸煙可以上癮,所有每天只抽符合安全數(shù)

量的煙以求實(shí)用的做法都是不可能的。事實(shí)上,酒卻可以帶來一些益處。調(diào)查表

明,每天應(yīng)用適量飲酒有助提高脂蛋白的濃度,從而可以預(yù)防冠心病。作

為一個(gè)國家,讓我們以某種方式制定一些針對香煙的決議吧。如果效法20世紀(jì)

20年代的禁酒令,政府試圖剝奪人們想要的日用品,宣布香煙為非法商品似乎

是不切實(shí)際的選擇。然而我們能拋開表面問題,正視終極的問題:對這個(gè)國家來

說,香煙帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益真的物有所值嗎?它能抵得上每年400,000美國人的早

逝嗎?抽煙使國家每年花費(fèi)約110億美元的直接的醫(yī)療費(fèi),并因?yàn)榧膊『驮缡牛?/p>

每年造成的勞動(dòng)力損失達(dá)360億美元。雖然抽煙者每年繳納約70億美元的商品

稅,即使把煙草業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的直接納稅額(大約每年220億美元)加起來,我們還

11

是賠本。參見第二段第二句:Wehavetocastasidethatsenseofresignation

tocigarettesanddeathandrecognizecigarttesforwhattheyare-aunique

problemthatmeritsauniquesolution,resignation止匕處意為:theactof

calmlyacceptingasituationthatcannotbechangedthoughitis

unpleasant(聽任,聽從),與resignoneselfto近義。

第27題:

Unlikealcoholconsumption,

A.smokingcigarettesseldomcausesautomobileaccidents.

B.cigarettesoffernohealthbenefits.

C.thesafelevelofuseforcigarettesismuchhigher.

D.smokingisaddictive.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案][B]最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),適量飲酒有益于健康,可以預(yù)防冠心病。與喝酒不同

的是,吸煙對健康無任何益處。[A]沒有根據(jù);吸煙無明確的“安全水準(zhǔn)”,否

定選擇項(xiàng)[C];無論吸煙、喝酒都可能成癮,所以選擇項(xiàng)[D]不正確。

第28題:

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sopinionaboutthe

cigarettes?

A.Thebestoptiontosolvethisproblemistocompletelystoptobacco

industrybymakingitillegal.

B.It'snecessarytoconsidertheproblemoncigarettes,butits

significanceisoverestimated.

C?It'surgenttomakeapolicydecisiononcigarettes:economic

benefitsofcigarettesshouldbeoverlookedconsideringthedevastating

effectsofsmoking.

D.Smokingshouldbebannedinpublic.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[答案][C]作者指出,吸煙帶來的危害遠(yuǎn)高于煙草工業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤,解決吸煙問

題已成當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

第29題:

Whatdoesuremoveourheadsfromthesand”(Line4,Paragraph4)mean?

A.Donotavoidfacingsomedifficulty.

B.Thinkseriouslyabout.

C.Bepreparedto.

D.Examineone,sownreaction.

參考答案:A

12

答案解析:

removeourheadsfromthesand,此處意為:不自欺欺人,不逃避困難。

第30題:

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.Cigarette,AlcoholandFood.

B.CigaretteandCigaretteSmokers.

C.Cigarette:NationalHealthDisaster.

D.TheCigaretteIndustry:AMultibillionIndustry.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[答案][C]該題為全文主旨題,需要概括全文的中心思想。本文主要講述了香煙

給人們健康帶來的危害,因此,[C]作題目最合適。

AdisputeoverproposedcommercialdevelopmentatthefootofMount

HopkinsinsouthernArizonathreatenstoendyearsofpeacefulcoexistence

betweenastronomersandlanddevelopersinthestate.

Astronomershaveopposedtheproject,fearingthatlight

pollutionwilldegradeviewingconditionsattheWhippleObservatory,the

MultipleMirrorTelescope(MMT)andotherfacilitiesinthemountain.

FairfieldHomes,adeveloperbasedinGreenValley,Arizona,

wantstoexpandplansforlowdensityhousingtoincludecommercial

development.Ithasthreatenedastronomerswithalawsuitiftheycontinue

tospeakoutagainsttheproject.Fairfield,sapplicationforcommercial

developmentonthe5200-acreCanoaRanchsite20milessouthofTucson

wasscheduledtogobeforealocalboardofsupervisorsatapublichearing

thisweek.

[1]InalettersenttwodaysbeforeChristmas,FrankCassidy,

anattorneyforFairfield,accusedastronomersfromtheWhipple

Observatoryandotherinstitutionsoflobbyingagainsttheproject“under

theguiseofprovidingscientificinformationv.

[2]Cassidyclaimedthat,becausetheSmithsonianInstitution

observatoriesarepubliclyowned,interferingwithFairfield,s$900

milliondevelopmentcouldamounttoagovernment“taking“ofprivate

property,forwhichopponentsoftheprojectwouldbeliable.

Cassidy'sletterthreatenedtheinstitutionsaswellas

individuals一includingRobertFirshneroftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenter

forAstrophysicsandMMTobservatorydirectorCraigFoltz一with

uappropriatelegalactionvunlesstheystoppedtheir“l(fā)obbying”against

theCanoaRanoaRanchapplication.Hisestimateswereinsomecasessix

toseventimeshigherthanthedeveloper's,basedondifferentassumptions

aboutthetypesandamountofcommerciallotsthatwouldproduce.

FrankThomson,aplanningconsultanttoFairfield,sayshis

13

clientissensitivetoastronomers,worries,andiscommittedtoproducing

nomorelightpollutionthanwouldresultfromthealreadyapprovedplan

for1200homes.ButLuginbuhlandotherastronomerssayverbalpromises

countforlittle.

[3]Theissuewillundoubtedlycomeuplaterthisyearwhena

committeerepresentingbothastronomersanddevelopers,cochairedbyDon

DavisoftheTucsonPlanetaryScienceInstitute,takesupthematterof

revisedlightingcodesfortheTucsonarea,whichalsohavebeenrevised

severaltimessincebeingestablishedin1972.Thomsonsaysitis

“unfortunate”thattensionshaveescalatedoverCanoaRanchaftermore

than10yearsofastronomersanddevelopersworkingouttheirdifferences

inafriendlierway.ButastronomerswererankledbywhatSmithsonian

attorneyJamesWilsoncallsCassidy,s“inappropriateattemptto

intimidatev,andwhataTucsonnewspapertermed,Fairfield's"crude

threat.

(413words)

1.coexistence[n.]共處,共存

2.attorney[n.]代理人,代理權(quán)[同義]agent,factor,proxy,deputy

3.lobby[n.]游說議員的團(tuán)體

4.cochair[v.]聯(lián)合擔(dān)任…的主席

5.escalate[v.]使某事物逐步增長、發(fā)展

6.rankle[v.]使痛苦不已,使悔恨不已[同義]beembittered,become

morebitter

7.astronomer[n.]天文學(xué)家

第31題:

Forthepastdecade,astronomersandlanddevelopersinthestate

A.workedouttheirdifferencesinahostileway.

B.usedtosharethesameinterests.

C.triedtosettlecontrovesialproblemsinapeacefulway.

D.werebothindifferenttotheenvironmentalproblems.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

參考譯文在亞利桑那南部的霍普金斯山腳下修建商業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)的提議引發(fā)

了一場爭論。這威脅到了天文工作者和土地開發(fā)商數(shù)年來相安無事的生活。

天文工作者反對這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,擔(dān)心光污染會惡化山中惠普爾天文臺、多鏡面天文望

遠(yuǎn)鏡(MMT)和其他設(shè)施的觀察環(huán)境??偛课挥趤喞D蔷G谷中的一家開

發(fā)商FairfieldHomes打算擴(kuò)大低密度建房計(jì)劃,以包含商業(yè)性開發(fā)區(qū)。他們威

脅說,如果天文工作者繼續(xù)反對這一計(jì)劃,他們將面臨法律訴訟。因?yàn)檫@家開發(fā)

商在圖森(Tucson)以南20英里處的面積為5200英畝的Canoa牧場進(jìn)行商業(yè)性開

14

發(fā)的申請已被列入由當(dāng)?shù)毓芾碚呓M成的聽審組本周的公眾聽審日程。土

地開發(fā)公司的律師FrankCassidy在圣誕節(jié)前兩天發(fā)出的一封信里譴責(zé)惠普爾天

文臺和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的天文學(xué)者“在以提供科學(xué)信息的偽裝下”游說反對其公司的房

地產(chǎn)開發(fā)工程。這位律師稱,由于Smithsonian天文臺是公有機(jī)構(gòu),干

擾其公司9億美元的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)等于政府“侵占”私人財(cái)產(chǎn),此項(xiàng)工程的反對者

應(yīng)負(fù)有責(zé)任。他的信不但威脅到了天文工作機(jī)構(gòu),而且威脅到了個(gè)人一

一包括Harvard-Smithsonian天體物理學(xué)中心和MMT天文臺主任CraigFoltz—

一要對他們采取“適當(dāng)?shù)姆尚袆?dòng)”,除非停止反對提議的游說活動(dòng)。并且他的

估算要比房產(chǎn)商的估算高出6到7倍,因?yàn)樗墓烙?jì)是以對該商業(yè)點(diǎn)可能生產(chǎn)的

商品的種類及數(shù)量的不同的設(shè)想為依據(jù)的。房產(chǎn)商的一名規(guī)劃顧問

FrankThompson稱,他們的顧客對天文學(xué)家的顧慮非常關(guān)心,并承諾不會產(chǎn)生

超過已被批準(zhǔn)的建造1200個(gè)住宅工程所產(chǎn)生的光污染的數(shù)量大。然而Luginbuhl

和其他天文學(xué)家說,口頭允諾毫無用處。毫無疑問,有關(guān)此項(xiàng)工程的問

題將于今年晚些時(shí)候再次提出;到那時(shí),一個(gè)由圖森行星科學(xué)協(xié)會的DonDavid

擔(dān)任聯(lián)合委員會的主席、代表天文學(xué)家和開發(fā)商兩個(gè)方面利益的委員會,將著手

處理有關(guān)重新修訂后的圖森地區(qū)照明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)事項(xiàng),這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自1972年制定以來已

經(jīng)進(jìn)行過多次修改。Thompson說,天文工作者和房產(chǎn)商們花了10年時(shí)間,試圖

以友好的方式消除對于Canoa牧場事件的分歧,“遺憾”的是緊張正在加劇。但

天文學(xué)家們卻被那位Smithsonian律師JamesWilson所說的Cassidy的"不正

當(dāng)恐嚇企圖”和一家圖森報(bào)紙所說的“殘忍的威脅”所激怒。根據(jù)文章第一段

的內(nèi)容可知,一項(xiàng)關(guān)于計(jì)劃在亞利桑那州南部的Hopkins山腳下進(jìn)行商業(yè)開發(fā)的

提議所引發(fā)的爭論預(yù)示著多年來在這個(gè)州天文學(xué)家和土地發(fā)展商和平共處的局

面即將結(jié)束。

第32題:

InalettersenttwodaysbeforeChristmas,FrankCassidymadeitclear

that

A.thestategovernmentwasattemptingtotakeFairfieldHomes'private

property.

B.theopponentstotheirprojectwouldbepunishedbylaw.

C.astronomersfromtheWhippleObservatoryandotherinsititutions

hadbeentakingimproperactionsagainsttheirdevelopmentprojects.

D.astronomersfromtheWhippleObservatoryandotherinstiutionshad

threatenedtotakeFairfieldHomes,privateproperty.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[答案][C]參考本文第四、五段

第33題:

TheastronomersfromtheWhippleObservatoryinsistedthat

A.Fairfieldchangetheplantoanoncommercialone

B.Fairfield,sverbalpromisescouldnotguaranteehisfutureaction.

C.Fairfield,sprojectwouldresultindevastatingairpollution.

15

D.Fairfieldexpandhishousingplanstootherareas.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[答案][B]參見文章倒數(shù)第二段:ButLuginbuhlandotherastronomerssay

verbalpromisescountforlittle,可知,Luginbuhl等天文學(xué)家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為口

頭允諾算不了什么。

第34題:

Astronomerswereannoyedby

A.thebitterdisputeoverFairfield'sproposedcommercial

development.

B.thepossiblefeatureofpollutioninatthefootofMountHopkins.

C.Fairfield,suinappropriateattempttointimidate^.

D.thecommittee,sdecisionofrevisinglightingcodesfortheTucson

area.

參考答案:C

答案解析.

[答案][ci參見文章最后一句話。

第35題:

Inwritingthistexttheauthor,stonemaymostprob

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