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[模擬]考研英語模擬279
多項(xiàng)選擇
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimes
committedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsociety
asthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories_1_ontheindividual
suggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior_2_theywerenot
sufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearned
criminalbehaviorthrough_3_withothers.Theoriesfocusingontherole
ofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin_4_totheirfailure
toriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,_5_asarejectionof
middle-classvalues.
Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildren
fromdisadvantagedfamilies,_6_thefactthatchildrenfromwealthy
homesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes_7_lackof
adequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare
8tocriticism.
Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly_9_juvenile
crimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat_10_tofewerjob
opportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment_11_makegainful
employmentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmay
in_12_leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.
Familieshavealso_13_changestheseyears.Morefamilies
consistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;_14_,children
arelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome_15_wascommoninthe
traditionalfamily_16_.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthought
tobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other_17_causesof
offensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased
_18_ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing_19_ofchildabuseand
childneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityof
achildcommittingacriminalact,_20_adirectcausalrelationship
hasnotyetbeenestablished.
a
第i題:
A.acting
B.relying
C.centering
D.commenting
1
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:平行句子結(jié)構(gòu)+分詞短語辨析。[A]acting(on)
對...起作用[B]relying(on)依靠,指望
[C]centering(on)以...為中心,圍繞;集中于....[D]commenting(on)
對……作出評論
第2題:
A.before
B.unless
C.until
D.because
參考答案:D
答案解析:
[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]before在……之前,表時(shí)間
[B]unless如果不,除非,表?xiàng)l件[C]until直到...才,表時(shí)間[D]because因
為,表因果
第3題:
A.interaction
B.assimilation
C.cooperation
D.consultation
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:名詞短語辨析。[A]interaction(with)與...
的互相作用,互相影響[B]assimilation(into)適應(yīng)、同化、融入...
[C]cooperation(with)與...的合作[D]consultation(with)和....的商議
第4題:
A.return
B.reply
C.reference
D.response
參考答案:D
答案解析:
[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:固定搭配。[A](in)return(for)作為對...
的報(bào)答,交換[B](in)reply(to)作為對...的答復(fù)[C](in)reference
(to)關(guān)于[D](in)response(to)作為對...的反應(yīng)/答復(fù)
第5題:
2
A.or
B.butrather
C.but
D.orelse
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]or或者,表并列[B]butrather
(非固定搭配)[C]but而是,表轉(zhuǎn)折[D]orelse否則,要不然
第6題:
A.considering
B.ignoring
C.highlighting
D.discarding
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。
[A]considering考慮到,鑒于[B]ignoring忽視[Cjhighlighting突出
[D]discarding丟棄,拋棄
第7題:
A.on
B.in
C.for
D.with
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系+介詞用法辨析。Won涉及、關(guān)于
[B]in以..方式[C]for因?yàn)閇Djwith表伴隨
第8題:
A.immune
B.resistant
C.sensitive
D.subject
參考答案:D
答案解析:
[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)做表語。[A]immune(to)免疫的,
不受影響的[B]resistant(to)有抵抗力的[C]sensitive(to)敏感的
[D]subject(to)易受...影響的
3
第9題:
A.affect
B.reduce
C.check
D.reflect
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。[A]affect影響,
感動(dòng),感染[B]reduce減少,縮小,還原[C]check檢查,制止,核對[D]reflect
反射,反映,表現(xiàn)
第10題:
A.point
B.lead
C.come
D.amount
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+動(dòng)詞短語辨析。[A]point(to)
指向,指明,讓人注意到[B]lead(to)通向,導(dǎo)致,引起,造成[C]come(to)
談及,到達(dá),共計(jì),恢復(fù)知覺[D]amount(to)總計(jì),等于,等同,接近
第11題:
A.ingeneral
B.onaverage
C.bycontrast
D.atlength
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:句內(nèi)語義+固定短語。[A]ingeneral通常,一
般說來[B]onaverage平均起來[C]bycontrast對比起來[D]atlength最
后,終于;充分地,詳細(xì)地
第12題:
A.case
B.short
C.turn
D.essence
參考答案:C
4
答案解析:
[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:句內(nèi)語義+固定搭配。[A](in)case假使,
如果,萬一[B](in)short簡而言之,總而言之[C](in)turn輪流
地,依次;又(對別人)做同樣的事[D](in)essence本質(zhì)上
第13題:
A.survived
B.noticed
C.undertaken
D.experienced
參考答案:D
答案解析:
[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+動(dòng)賓搭配。[A]survived經(jīng)歷……
后依然活著,幸免于[B]noticed注意到[C]undertaken承擔(dān),許諾
[D]experienced經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn)
第14題:
A.contrarily
B.consequently
C.similarly
D.simultaneously
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]contrarily相反地,表對比
[B]consequently所以,因此,表因果[C]similarly同樣地,類似于,表比較
[D]simultaneously同時(shí)地,表比較
第15題:
A.than
B.that
C.which
D.as
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:從句中的關(guān)系代詞。[A]than兼有連詞和代詞
的性質(zhì),引導(dǎo)比較成分[B]that關(guān)系代詞,不能引導(dǎo)比較成分[C]which關(guān)系
代詞,不能引導(dǎo)比較成分[D]as關(guān)系代詞,不能單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)比較成分
第16題:
A.system
B.structure
5
C.concept
D.heritage
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。[A]system系統(tǒng),
體系,體制[B]structure結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造[C]concept觀念,概念[D]heritage遺
產(chǎn),傳統(tǒng)
第17題:
A.assessable
B.identifiable
C.negligible
D.incredible
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案]B本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:形容詞用法辨析。[A]assessable可估價(jià)的,
容易接近、得到和使用的[B]identifiable可以確認(rèn)的[C]negligible
可以忽略的,不予重視的[D]incredible難以置信的,驚人的
第18題:
A.expense
B.restriction
C.allocation
D.availability
參考答案:D
答案解析:
[答案]D本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。[A]expense費(fèi)用,
代價(jià)[B]restriction限制;約束[C]allocation分配,安置[D]availability
可獲得性,有效性,實(shí)用性
第19題:
A.incidence
B.awareness
C.exposure
D.popularity
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[答案]A本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析。[A]incidence(of)
發(fā)生(率)[B]awareness(of)意識,知道[C]exposure(to)暴露,揭露
[D]popularity普及,流行,出名
6
第20題:
A.provided
B.since
C.although
D.supposing
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[答案]C本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:邏輯關(guān)系。[A]provided倘若,表?xiàng)l件[B]since
因?yàn)?,既然,表因果或讓步[C]although雖然,盡管,表轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步
[D]supposing萬一,假使,表?xiàng)l件
多項(xiàng)選擇
Outwiththenew,andinwiththeold.Europeisbreathtaking.Iheard
theanecdotes,seenthepicturesandwatchedthetravelshows,butnothing
couldhavepreparedmefortherawpowerof600millioncellphones.The
OldWorldisbiggerthanlife!OnceIlookedbeyondtheseaofcellphones
though,IbegantoseeEuropeforwhatitis-amarvelousadventureinto
historyandavisualandartisticorgy.
Sinceourculturesaresodifferentnow,it'seasytoforget
thatwewerefoundedbyEuropeans.Let,stakealookatsomecommonmyths
aboutthemodernEuro-U.S.relationship.
Myth#l:TheeurowillrivaltheAmericandollarwhileproviding
securitytoEurope.Maybe,maybenot.Butthereisnodisputingthe
marketinggeniusofthenewcurrency.Billscomeindenominationsof500,
200,100,50,20,10and5(no1's),whilecoinsareprintedas50一,20
一,10一,5一,2一and1-centpieces.Withthelackofone-eurobills
andtheabsurd2-centpieces,bytheendofthedayyouarecrushedwith
coins.(WhereinaU.S.solutionpresentsitself:spendthecoins.)Ifthe
U.S.eliminatedone-dollarbillsandaddeda2-centpiece,theGDPwould
increaseexponentially.
Myth#2:ThepaceoflifeisslowerinEurope.Whoeverthought
ofthisgemhasnevervisitedItaly,where,forexample,spotlightsare
mere“suggestions”asLet,sGo:Europedescribes.I'veneverbeentoNew
YorkCity,butIcan,timagineitbeingmorehecticthananyItaliancity.
It'snotjustinItaly,either,Europeiseverybitasfast-pacedasthe
U.S.
Myth#3:AmericanbusinessesareeverywhereinEurope.Thishas
ledtoanti-AmericanprotestsbyFrenchfarmers,Englishfarmersand
Spanishfarmers.Solution?Pullthemall,fromMcDonald,stoNiketoU.S.
recordlevels.Afterashortspell,however,theEuropeanswillmissthe
BigMacs,theirsneakersandtheirBrittanySpearsandwilllikelydo
7
anythingtogetthemback.Sure,intheshortrun,aU.S.company,sprofits
maydipfrom$190billionto$189.99billion,butinthelongrun,Europe
willbeours.ThereisabafflingparadoxplaguingEuropeans.Whatbothers
themisnotsomuchtheirdislikeforAmericanproducts,rather,what
drivesthemcrazyisthattheylikeAmericanproducts,especiallyitems
fromthevastcatalogueofAmericanpopculture.
Myth#4:Europeismorebeautifulandartistic,andEuropeans
arebetterthanAmericans.Maybe,maybenot.There'snowaytooverstate,
however,thattheEuropeanwayisundeniablydifferentfromtheAmerican
way.AsforthegloriousartandarchitecturesoubiquitousinEurope,
there'snothingtheU.S.cando-we.areonly226yearsold.
Buttheotherdifferencesarenotsoeasytodismiss:Europeans
smokeeverywhere;wepracticallyforbiditinourhomes.Theybringpets
torestaurants;welockourpetsincars.Ifyougetlessthanfourweeks
vacationinEuropeyou,regettingscrewed;ifyougetmorethantwoweeks
intheU.S.,youareprobablyretired.
Thebottomlineisthis:ifmakinglessmoneyisthetrade-off
formoretimetolive,toseelife'sbeautifulmoments,toriseabovethe
rampantmaterialismintheUnitedStates,thenyes,Europeansarebetter.
If,ontheotherhand,devisingnewwaystoproducecapital,compiling
planstoincreaseworkerproductivityandmaking,asmuchmoneyasyou
canislife'spinnacle,thenyes,Americansarebetter.Inotherwords,
outwiththenewandinwithold.
第21題:
Inthethirdparagraph,bysaying,“IftheU.S.eliminatedone-dollarbills
andaddeda2-centpiece,theGDPwouldincreaseexponentiallyn,what's
theauthor,stone?
A.serious
B.sarcastic
C.optimistic
D.humorous
參考答案:D
答案解析:
文章大意:大西洋兩岸的人們?nèi)绾慰创龑Ψ??作者以調(diào)侃幽默的語氣,分析4
個(gè)普遍觀點(diǎn),寫出了歐美的不同及緊密的聯(lián)系?!綝】整篇文章的基調(diào)是調(diào)侃幽
默的,如果美國取消一美元的紙幣而增加2分的硬幣,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值會成倍增長,
作者用的是玩笑口吻。
第22題:
8
What'stheauthor,srealopinionaboutpaceoflifeinEuropeandAmerica?
A.Italy"spaceoflifeishigherthanotherEuropeancountries'.
B?Italy'spaceoflifeishigherthanthatofAmerica.
C.ThepaceoflifeisindeedslowerinEuropethaninAmerica.
D.ThepaceoflifeisthesameinEuropeasinAmerica.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
【C】作者舉意大利的例子實(shí)際上是說因交通系統(tǒng)效率不高而造成hectic(忙亂
的),而不是說意大利的生活節(jié)奏快。
第23題:
Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.EuropeanfarmersprotestAmericanbusinessinEurope.
B.TheauthoradvisestopullbusinessbackfromEuropetopunishthe
farmers.
C.EuropeanpeoplelikeandneedAmericanproducts.
D.IfAmericadrawbackit'sbusinessesfromEurope,itwon,tlose
profitsbutearnmore.
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[B]參照原文,并沒有懲罰農(nóng)民的意思。
第24題:
Theitalicizedword,ubiquitous”inthesixthparagraphmeans?
A.much
B.many
C.widespread
D.unique
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[C]ubiquitous的意思是普誼存在的,到處存在的。
第25題:
Fromthelastparagraphwecaninfertheauthor'sopinionisthat.
A.bothAmericanandEuropeanwayoflifehavetheirown
characteristicsandadvantages
B.Europeanwayoflifeisbetterbecauseitdoesnotattachtoomuch
importanceonmaterials.
C.Americanwayoflifeisbetterbecauseitcanhelppeopletoget
theirlife,spinnacle.
D.neitherofthetwowaysoflifeisgood.
9
參考答案:A
答案解析:
,【A】作者從不同的方面說明美國與歐洲的生活方式各有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[1]Thecomplexityofthecigarette'songoingdevastationtopublic
healthinAmericasometimesappearsoverwhelmingbecauseofits
intermeshingofhumanfrailtieswiththeexistenceofadominantindustry
andmanysub-industrieswhichseemcommittedtoservingtheneedsofthat
humanfrailty,nomatterwhatthecost.However,thereareanumberof
specificcoursesthiscountrycouldtaketobegintocopewiththis
nationalhealthdisaster.
Firstandforemost,beforeweasacountrycanbeginaplanof
actiontodealwiththecigarette,wemustfaceuptotheenormityofthe
problemthatcigarettesnowpose.[2]Wehavetocastasidethatsense
ofresignationtocigarettesanddeathandrecognizecigarettesforwhat
theyare—auniqueproblemthatmeritsauniquesolution.
Onemightinitiallybetemptedtoarguethatcigarettesarenot
anydifferentfromalcoholorevenfood;thatanythingcanbeoverused
tothepointofbecomingahealththreat.Actually,unlikeotherforms
oflegalrecreationsuchasalcoholconsumption,thereis,forall
practicalpurposes,noknownsafelevelofuseforcigarettesoranyknown
healthbenefit.Whiletherearethosewhoabusealcohol,eitherby
drinkingtothepointitisphysicallydamagingorcombiningdrinkingwith
drivinganautomobile,themajorityofpeoplewhousealcoholconsumeit
atlevelsthatareharmless.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofsmokers,however,
smokeatlevelswhicharedefinitelydetrimentaltohealth.Duetotheir
addictivenature,itisforallpracticalpurposesnotpossibletosmoke
a^safe^numberofcigarettesperday.Indeed,alcoholmayoffersomehealth
benefits.Recently,numberofinvestigatorshaveshownthatmoderate
consumptionofalcohol“oneortwodrinksaday“mayoffersomeprotection
againstcoronaryheartdiseasebycontributingtotheelevationofhigh
densitylipoproteins.
Letus,asacountry,makeapolicydecisiononewayoranother
oncigarettes.[3]GivenourexperienceswithProhibitioninthe1920,s,
agovernmentattempttodenyaccesstoacommoditythatpeoplewant,the
outlawingofcigarettesseemslikeanunrealisticoption.However,wecan
removeourheadsfromthesandandfacetheultimatequestion:Arethe
economicbenefitsofcigarettesimportantenoughtothiscountrythatthey
justifytheprematuredeathsof400,000Americanseachyear?Smokingcosts
thenationabout$11billionsindirectmedicalexpensesand$36billions
inlostproductivityduetoillnessandprematuredeatheachyear.
Cigarettesmokerspayonly$7billionsannuallyinexcisetaxes,however,
and,evenwiththetobaccoindustry,sdirectcontributionstothe
io
economy(about$22billionsperyear),westillcomeupshort.
(442words)
1.intermesh[v.]迎合,適合
2.frailty[n.]薄弱,虛弱,弱點(diǎn)[同義]weakness,feebleness,
infirmity
3.pose[n.]姿勢,姿態(tài)
4.merit[v.]應(yīng)獲得(某事物),值得[同義]deserve,incur
5.beoverusedto…被濫用于…
第26題:
Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat
A.thepublicshowsgreatconcernovercigarettessmoking.
B.Americaisinaratheruniquepositiontodealwiththecigarette
disaster.
C.manypeoplereconcilethemselvestothedamagingeffectsof
cigarettes.
D.cigarettessmokingisdetrimentaltohealth.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
參考譯文在美國,吸煙對公眾健康的危害的復(fù)雜性有時(shí)候顯得壓倒一切,
因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問題將人類的弱點(diǎn)和占主導(dǎo)地位的工業(yè)和許多致力于滿足人類這種弱
點(diǎn)、且不顧其代價(jià)的子工業(yè)聯(lián)系在一起。然而在這個(gè)國家,還是有許多方法可以
選擇,以應(yīng)付這個(gè)全國性的健康災(zāi)難。首先,作為一個(gè)國家,在我們制
定一項(xiàng)解決煙草問題的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃之前,我們必須正視香煙給我們帶來的問題的嚴(yán)
重性。我們必須拋開對香煙和死亡聽之任之的觀念,正確認(rèn)識吸煙問題一一這是
一個(gè)獨(dú)特的問題,需要用獨(dú)特的方法來解決。起初人們可能傾向于認(rèn)為
香煙跟酒、甚至跟食物沒有什么區(qū)別,認(rèn)為任何東西用多了都會危及健康。事實(shí)
上,香煙與酒等消遣或休養(yǎng)方式是極為不同的。盡管人們懷著許多實(shí)用的目的使
用香煙,但到目前為止它的使用沒有已知的安全限度或益處。盡管有些人酗酒、
因酒危及健康或酒后駕車,但大多數(shù)人飲酒不會達(dá)到危及健康的水平。然而多數(shù)
吸煙者卻會達(dá)到危及生命的程度。由于吸煙可以上癮,所有每天只抽符合安全數(shù)
量的煙以求實(shí)用的做法都是不可能的。事實(shí)上,酒卻可以帶來一些益處。調(diào)查表
明,每天應(yīng)用適量飲酒有助提高脂蛋白的濃度,從而可以預(yù)防冠心病。作
為一個(gè)國家,讓我們以某種方式制定一些針對香煙的決議吧。如果效法20世紀(jì)
20年代的禁酒令,政府試圖剝奪人們想要的日用品,宣布香煙為非法商品似乎
是不切實(shí)際的選擇。然而我們能拋開表面問題,正視終極的問題:對這個(gè)國家來
說,香煙帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益真的物有所值嗎?它能抵得上每年400,000美國人的早
逝嗎?抽煙使國家每年花費(fèi)約110億美元的直接的醫(yī)療費(fèi),并因?yàn)榧膊『驮缡牛?/p>
每年造成的勞動(dòng)力損失達(dá)360億美元。雖然抽煙者每年繳納約70億美元的商品
稅,即使把煙草業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的直接納稅額(大約每年220億美元)加起來,我們還
11
是賠本。參見第二段第二句:Wehavetocastasidethatsenseofresignation
tocigarettesanddeathandrecognizecigarttesforwhattheyare-aunique
problemthatmeritsauniquesolution,resignation止匕處意為:theactof
calmlyacceptingasituationthatcannotbechangedthoughitis
unpleasant(聽任,聽從),與resignoneselfto近義。
第27題:
Unlikealcoholconsumption,
A.smokingcigarettesseldomcausesautomobileaccidents.
B.cigarettesoffernohealthbenefits.
C.thesafelevelofuseforcigarettesismuchhigher.
D.smokingisaddictive.
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案][B]最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),適量飲酒有益于健康,可以預(yù)防冠心病。與喝酒不同
的是,吸煙對健康無任何益處。[A]沒有根據(jù);吸煙無明確的“安全水準(zhǔn)”,否
定選擇項(xiàng)[C];無論吸煙、喝酒都可能成癮,所以選擇項(xiàng)[D]不正確。
第28題:
Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sopinionaboutthe
cigarettes?
A.Thebestoptiontosolvethisproblemistocompletelystoptobacco
industrybymakingitillegal.
B.It'snecessarytoconsidertheproblemoncigarettes,butits
significanceisoverestimated.
C?It'surgenttomakeapolicydecisiononcigarettes:economic
benefitsofcigarettesshouldbeoverlookedconsideringthedevastating
effectsofsmoking.
D.Smokingshouldbebannedinpublic.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[答案][C]作者指出,吸煙帶來的危害遠(yuǎn)高于煙草工業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤,解決吸煙問
題已成當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
第29題:
Whatdoesuremoveourheadsfromthesand”(Line4,Paragraph4)mean?
A.Donotavoidfacingsomedifficulty.
B.Thinkseriouslyabout.
C.Bepreparedto.
D.Examineone,sownreaction.
參考答案:A
12
答案解析:
removeourheadsfromthesand,此處意為:不自欺欺人,不逃避困難。
第30題:
Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?
A.Cigarette,AlcoholandFood.
B.CigaretteandCigaretteSmokers.
C.Cigarette:NationalHealthDisaster.
D.TheCigaretteIndustry:AMultibillionIndustry.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[答案][C]該題為全文主旨題,需要概括全文的中心思想。本文主要講述了香煙
給人們健康帶來的危害,因此,[C]作題目最合適。
AdisputeoverproposedcommercialdevelopmentatthefootofMount
HopkinsinsouthernArizonathreatenstoendyearsofpeacefulcoexistence
betweenastronomersandlanddevelopersinthestate.
Astronomershaveopposedtheproject,fearingthatlight
pollutionwilldegradeviewingconditionsattheWhippleObservatory,the
MultipleMirrorTelescope(MMT)andotherfacilitiesinthemountain.
FairfieldHomes,adeveloperbasedinGreenValley,Arizona,
wantstoexpandplansforlowdensityhousingtoincludecommercial
development.Ithasthreatenedastronomerswithalawsuitiftheycontinue
tospeakoutagainsttheproject.Fairfield,sapplicationforcommercial
developmentonthe5200-acreCanoaRanchsite20milessouthofTucson
wasscheduledtogobeforealocalboardofsupervisorsatapublichearing
thisweek.
[1]InalettersenttwodaysbeforeChristmas,FrankCassidy,
anattorneyforFairfield,accusedastronomersfromtheWhipple
Observatoryandotherinstitutionsoflobbyingagainsttheproject“under
theguiseofprovidingscientificinformationv.
[2]Cassidyclaimedthat,becausetheSmithsonianInstitution
observatoriesarepubliclyowned,interferingwithFairfield,s$900
milliondevelopmentcouldamounttoagovernment“taking“ofprivate
property,forwhichopponentsoftheprojectwouldbeliable.
Cassidy'sletterthreatenedtheinstitutionsaswellas
individuals一includingRobertFirshneroftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenter
forAstrophysicsandMMTobservatorydirectorCraigFoltz一with
uappropriatelegalactionvunlesstheystoppedtheir“l(fā)obbying”against
theCanoaRanoaRanchapplication.Hisestimateswereinsomecasessix
toseventimeshigherthanthedeveloper's,basedondifferentassumptions
aboutthetypesandamountofcommerciallotsthatwouldproduce.
FrankThomson,aplanningconsultanttoFairfield,sayshis
13
clientissensitivetoastronomers,worries,andiscommittedtoproducing
nomorelightpollutionthanwouldresultfromthealreadyapprovedplan
for1200homes.ButLuginbuhlandotherastronomerssayverbalpromises
countforlittle.
[3]Theissuewillundoubtedlycomeuplaterthisyearwhena
committeerepresentingbothastronomersanddevelopers,cochairedbyDon
DavisoftheTucsonPlanetaryScienceInstitute,takesupthematterof
revisedlightingcodesfortheTucsonarea,whichalsohavebeenrevised
severaltimessincebeingestablishedin1972.Thomsonsaysitis
“unfortunate”thattensionshaveescalatedoverCanoaRanchaftermore
than10yearsofastronomersanddevelopersworkingouttheirdifferences
inafriendlierway.ButastronomerswererankledbywhatSmithsonian
attorneyJamesWilsoncallsCassidy,s“inappropriateattemptto
intimidatev,andwhataTucsonnewspapertermed,Fairfield's"crude
threat.
(413words)
1.coexistence[n.]共處,共存
2.attorney[n.]代理人,代理權(quán)[同義]agent,factor,proxy,deputy
3.lobby[n.]游說議員的團(tuán)體
4.cochair[v.]聯(lián)合擔(dān)任…的主席
5.escalate[v.]使某事物逐步增長、發(fā)展
6.rankle[v.]使痛苦不已,使悔恨不已[同義]beembittered,become
morebitter
7.astronomer[n.]天文學(xué)家
第31題:
Forthepastdecade,astronomersandlanddevelopersinthestate
A.workedouttheirdifferencesinahostileway.
B.usedtosharethesameinterests.
C.triedtosettlecontrovesialproblemsinapeacefulway.
D.werebothindifferenttotheenvironmentalproblems.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
參考譯文在亞利桑那南部的霍普金斯山腳下修建商業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)的提議引發(fā)
了一場爭論。這威脅到了天文工作者和土地開發(fā)商數(shù)年來相安無事的生活。
天文工作者反對這個(gè)項(xiàng)目,擔(dān)心光污染會惡化山中惠普爾天文臺、多鏡面天文望
遠(yuǎn)鏡(MMT)和其他設(shè)施的觀察環(huán)境??偛课挥趤喞D蔷G谷中的一家開
發(fā)商FairfieldHomes打算擴(kuò)大低密度建房計(jì)劃,以包含商業(yè)性開發(fā)區(qū)。他們威
脅說,如果天文工作者繼續(xù)反對這一計(jì)劃,他們將面臨法律訴訟。因?yàn)檫@家開發(fā)
商在圖森(Tucson)以南20英里處的面積為5200英畝的Canoa牧場進(jìn)行商業(yè)性開
14
發(fā)的申請已被列入由當(dāng)?shù)毓芾碚呓M成的聽審組本周的公眾聽審日程。土
地開發(fā)公司的律師FrankCassidy在圣誕節(jié)前兩天發(fā)出的一封信里譴責(zé)惠普爾天
文臺和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的天文學(xué)者“在以提供科學(xué)信息的偽裝下”游說反對其公司的房
地產(chǎn)開發(fā)工程。這位律師稱,由于Smithsonian天文臺是公有機(jī)構(gòu),干
擾其公司9億美元的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)等于政府“侵占”私人財(cái)產(chǎn),此項(xiàng)工程的反對者
應(yīng)負(fù)有責(zé)任。他的信不但威脅到了天文工作機(jī)構(gòu),而且威脅到了個(gè)人一
一包括Harvard-Smithsonian天體物理學(xué)中心和MMT天文臺主任CraigFoltz—
一要對他們采取“適當(dāng)?shù)姆尚袆?dòng)”,除非停止反對提議的游說活動(dòng)。并且他的
估算要比房產(chǎn)商的估算高出6到7倍,因?yàn)樗墓烙?jì)是以對該商業(yè)點(diǎn)可能生產(chǎn)的
商品的種類及數(shù)量的不同的設(shè)想為依據(jù)的。房產(chǎn)商的一名規(guī)劃顧問
FrankThompson稱,他們的顧客對天文學(xué)家的顧慮非常關(guān)心,并承諾不會產(chǎn)生
超過已被批準(zhǔn)的建造1200個(gè)住宅工程所產(chǎn)生的光污染的數(shù)量大。然而Luginbuhl
和其他天文學(xué)家說,口頭允諾毫無用處。毫無疑問,有關(guān)此項(xiàng)工程的問
題將于今年晚些時(shí)候再次提出;到那時(shí),一個(gè)由圖森行星科學(xué)協(xié)會的DonDavid
擔(dān)任聯(lián)合委員會的主席、代表天文學(xué)家和開發(fā)商兩個(gè)方面利益的委員會,將著手
處理有關(guān)重新修訂后的圖森地區(qū)照明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)事項(xiàng),這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自1972年制定以來已
經(jīng)進(jìn)行過多次修改。Thompson說,天文工作者和房產(chǎn)商們花了10年時(shí)間,試圖
以友好的方式消除對于Canoa牧場事件的分歧,“遺憾”的是緊張正在加劇。但
天文學(xué)家們卻被那位Smithsonian律師JamesWilson所說的Cassidy的"不正
當(dāng)恐嚇企圖”和一家圖森報(bào)紙所說的“殘忍的威脅”所激怒。根據(jù)文章第一段
的內(nèi)容可知,一項(xiàng)關(guān)于計(jì)劃在亞利桑那州南部的Hopkins山腳下進(jìn)行商業(yè)開發(fā)的
提議所引發(fā)的爭論預(yù)示著多年來在這個(gè)州天文學(xué)家和土地發(fā)展商和平共處的局
面即將結(jié)束。
第32題:
InalettersenttwodaysbeforeChristmas,FrankCassidymadeitclear
that
A.thestategovernmentwasattemptingtotakeFairfieldHomes'private
property.
B.theopponentstotheirprojectwouldbepunishedbylaw.
C.astronomersfromtheWhippleObservatoryandotherinsititutions
hadbeentakingimproperactionsagainsttheirdevelopmentprojects.
D.astronomersfromtheWhippleObservatoryandotherinstiutionshad
threatenedtotakeFairfieldHomes,privateproperty.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[答案][C]參考本文第四、五段
第33題:
TheastronomersfromtheWhippleObservatoryinsistedthat
A.Fairfieldchangetheplantoanoncommercialone
B.Fairfield,sverbalpromisescouldnotguaranteehisfutureaction.
C.Fairfield,sprojectwouldresultindevastatingairpollution.
15
D.Fairfieldexpandhishousingplanstootherareas.
參考答案:B
答案解析:
[答案][B]參見文章倒數(shù)第二段:ButLuginbuhlandotherastronomerssay
verbalpromisescountforlittle,可知,Luginbuhl等天文學(xué)家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為口
頭允諾算不了什么。
第34題:
Astronomerswereannoyedby
A.thebitterdisputeoverFairfield'sproposedcommercial
development.
B.thepossiblefeatureofpollutioninatthefootofMountHopkins.
C.Fairfield,suinappropriateattempttointimidate^.
D.thecommittee,sdecisionofrevisinglightingcodesfortheTucson
area.
參考答案:C
答案解析.
[答案][ci參見文章最后一句話。
第35題:
Inwritingthistexttheauthor,stonemaymostprob
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