九年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)精美實(shí)用教案第3講-9bU2Greatpeople（上）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)綜合-學(xué)生版

主題9BU2Greatpeople(上)及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)綜合教學(xué)內(nèi)容Doyouknowthefollowinggreatpeople?知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：Whodoyouthinkisthegreatestpersoninhistory,Eddie?(P20)Eddie,你認(rèn)為誰是歷史上最偉大的人。doyouthink意為“你認(rèn)為”，在句中是插入部分，放在特殊疑問詞后。混合疑問句的句式：特殊疑問詞＋doyouthink（或其他表示心里活動(dòng)的詞）＋陳述語序?？梢杂糜谶@一結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有believe，imagine，suppose等。E.g.Whatdoyouthinkmakeshersad?你認(rèn)為什么使他難過？Whatfooddoyouthinkishealthy?你認(rèn)為什么食物是健康？WhatdoyouthinkIcando?你認(rèn)為我能做什么？

Howmuchdoyouthinkthiscarcost?你認(rèn)為這車值多少錢?知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：I’veneverheardofhim.(P20)我從沒聽說過他。1.hearof意為“聽說”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從別人那里間接得知，也可用作hearabout。E.g.Idon’tknowthewriter,butIhaveheardofhim.我從不認(rèn)識(shí)這位作家，但聽說過他。Ihaveneverheardofhim.Whoishe?我從未聽說過他，他是誰。常用短語：hearfromsb.收到某人的來信hearsb.dosth.表示“聽到某人做了某事”（強(qiáng)調(diào)聽見了整個(gè)過程）hearsb.doingsth.表示“聽到某人正在做某事”（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是正在聽，表進(jìn)行）2.hear還可以跟that從句E.g.Iheardthathehadgonetohishometown.我聽說他回家鄉(xiāng)去了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：Heisaninventor.Heinventedmyfavouritefood.(P20)他是一位發(fā)明家。他發(fā)明了我最喜愛的食物。inventorn.發(fā)明家inventv.發(fā)明inventionn.發(fā)明物invent,discover,find,findout辨析invent發(fā)明表示發(fā)明了以前沒有或不存在的事物。E.g.Edisoninventedthelightbulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了燈泡。discover發(fā)現(xiàn)指發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)存在但不為人所知道的事物,有時(shí)也指認(rèn)識(shí)到某種情況。E.g.ColumbusissaidtohavediscoveredAmericain1492.據(jù)說哥倫布于1遮92年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。Scientistshavediscoveredthatthediseaseiscarriedbyrats.科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)這種疾病是老鼠傳播的。find發(fā)現(xiàn)指通過尋找發(fā)現(xiàn)某人、某物。E.g.Theyfoundthelostboyinthecave.他們?cè)谏蕉蠢锇l(fā)現(xiàn)了那個(gè)走丟的男孩。findout發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明指經(jīng)過觀察、調(diào)查把某事、某物查出來、搞清楚、弄明白。E.g.Canyoufindoutwhetherthereareanyseatsleft?你能查到是否還有座位剩下嗎？知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：Hebecameinterestedinflyingwhenhetookhisfirstflightattheageofsix.(P22)在六歲時(shí)，他第一次坐飛機(jī)就對(duì)飛行產(chǎn)生了興趣。1.become/beinterestedin=take/get/showaninterestin意思是“對(duì)……感興趣”。E.g.Beforehewasten,hebecame/wasveryinterestedinscience.在他10歲之前，就對(duì)科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。2.flightn.航班;飛翔動(dòng)詞是flyE.g.Theflightwilltakefourhours.這次航行要飛4個(gè)小時(shí)。3.attheageof在…歲時(shí),相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。E.g.TheybegantolearnEnglishattheageof8.=TheybegantolearnEnglishwhentheywere8.他們8歲時(shí)開始學(xué)英語。知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：Armstrongjoinedthenavyin1949andservedasapilotforthreeyears.(P22)阿姆斯特朗在1949年加入了海軍，并當(dāng)了3年的飛行員。1.join是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。如跟時(shí)間段狀語可改成bein/beamemberof…E.g.Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.=Hehasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.=Hehasbeenamemberofthearmyfortwoyears.2.join,joinin,attend與takepartin/serve的區(qū)別:join有兩個(gè)用法：指加入某個(gè)黨派，團(tuán)體組織等，成為其成員之一，意為：“參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨”等。E.g.①Whendidyourbrotherjointhearmy?你哥哥什么時(shí)候參軍的？②ShejoinedtheYoungPioneers.她加入了少先隊(duì)。和某人一道做某事，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：joinsb.in(doing)sth.，根據(jù)上下文，in(doing)sth.也可以省去。E.g.①Willyoujoinusinthediscussion?你參加我們的討論嗎？②He'lljoinusinsingingthesong.他將和我們一道唱歌。③We'regoingtotheEastLakeParkonSunday.Willyoujoinus?我們打算星期天去東湖公園。你跟我們一道去好嗎？joinin意為“參加”，后面接的賓語一般是表示競(jìng)賽、娛樂、游戲等活動(dòng)的名詞或v-ing。我們可以用joinsb.insth/doingsth.E.g.①Ihopeyou’llalljoininthediscussion.我希望你們大家都參加討論.②Wouldyouliketojoinmeinawalk?你愿意和我一起去散步嗎?attend表示“出席，到場(chǎng)”。指出席會(huì)議、課程等。E.g.Hesaidthathewouldattendameetingtomorrow.他說他明天將出席一個(gè)會(huì)議。takepartin指參加群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì)議、勞動(dòng)、游行等，往往指參加者持有積極的態(tài)度，起一份作用，有時(shí)與joinin可互換。E.g.①WillyoutakepartintheEnglishevening?同我們一起參加英語晚會(huì)好嗎？②Allthestudentstookanactivepartinschoolactivities.所有的學(xué)生都積極參加學(xué)校的活動(dòng)。3.servev.提供；（為）服務(wù)；任（職）；端上serveas...服役/充當(dāng)...之用E.g.Heservedasasailorfor10years.他做了10年的水手。ServeitwithFrenchbread.把它和法式面包一起端上去。serve的名詞是service，意思是“服役；服務(wù)；服侍；服務(wù)業(yè)；維修服務(wù)”。E.g.You'vegivenalifetimeofservicetoathletics.你為田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)了一生。Thecarneedsaservice.這輛車該檢修了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)6：HeandDavidScottmanagedtojointwospacecrafttogetherforthefirsttimeinspace.(P22)他和大衛(wèi).R.斯科特第一次成功地將兩艘宇宙飛船在太空中對(duì)接起來。1.managetodosth.設(shè)法做成某事managetodo=trytodosth.successfullyE.g.Lilymanagedtogetthedrivinglicence.莉莉成功的拿到了駕照。2.dosth.forthefirsttime第一次做某事E.g.HecomestoBeijingforthefirsttime,soI’llshowhimaround.他第一次來北京，所以我?guī)奶幙纯?。知識(shí)點(diǎn)7：However,ontheirwaybacktotheEarth,thespacecraftbeganspinningoutofcontrol.(P22)然而，在他們回地球的路上，航天器開始旋轉(zhuǎn)失去控制。1.spinvi.旋轉(zhuǎn)過去式:spun；過去分詞：spun；現(xiàn)在分詞：spinningE.g.Theyspunandwovetheclothingforthefamily.她們?yōu)榧胰思徔椧路?.outofcontrol失去控制，無法管理controlvt.&n.過去式：controlled；過去分詞：controlled；現(xiàn)在分詞：controlling。E.g.Thecarwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintoatree.汽車失去控制，撞上了一棵樹。Childrenpreferplayingwiththeirfriendstobeingcontrolledbytheirparents.常見的詞組:beyondcontrol難以控制undercontrol被控制的知識(shí)點(diǎn)8：Armstrongreceivedtheordertocuttheflightshort.(P22)阿姆斯特朗被命令縮短航程。1.receivetheordertodosth.接到做某事的命令①order作動(dòng)詞“命令”，ordersb.(not)todoE.g.Heorderedmenottousehispen.②order還可作名詞，表“命令，順序”之意。outoforder/inorder秩序混亂/井然E.g.Pleasekeepeverythinginorder.請(qǐng)保持一切井然有序。③inorderto為了…E.g.Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.他早起為了趕早班車。2.cut...short把...縮短cut的過去式和過去分詞都是cut---cut。E.g.Hecutshorthisholidaytodealwiththeproblem.他縮短假期來解決這個(gè)問題。Wehavetocutourtripshort,aswehavetogetbackbeforedark.我們不得不縮短行程，因?yàn)槲覀円谔旌谇摆s回去。常見詞組:cutdown砍伐；削減cutin插嘴；插隊(duì)cutoff切斷；隔斷cutout剪去；關(guān)掉知識(shí)點(diǎn)9：TogetherwithBuzzAldrin,helandedthespacecraftApolloontheMoon.(P23)他和巴茲.奧爾德林一起把阿波羅11號(hào)飛船降落了月球上。1.togetherwith意為”與…一起,連同”位置比較靈活,可以放在句首，句中，句尾或主語后，但謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與主語保持一致。E.g.Marytogetherwithhermotheroftengoestothemovie.Mary和她的媽媽經(jīng)常去看電影。Tom,togetherwithhisparents,isheretoday.Tom和他的父母今天在這兒。與togetherwith類似用法的詞還有alongwith/aswellas/with/besides/like/without/including。2.land動(dòng)詞，意為“登陸，使著陸”E.g.Theplanelandedatlast.飛機(jī)最后安全著陸了。land也可作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“陸地；地面”。常用短語：onland在陸地上；陸路

ontheland在農(nóng)村；務(wù)農(nóng)；在地上E.g.Someanimalsareawkwardonlandbutabletomoveeasilyinthewater.一些動(dòng)物在陸地上動(dòng)作笨拙，但在水中卻行動(dòng)自如。Wedon’tknowhowmanypeopletherearelivingontheland.我們不知道有多少人生活在這片土地上。知識(shí)點(diǎn)10：Hewastheprideofthewholeworld.(P23)他是整個(gè)世界的驕傲。pride名詞,意為”驕傲,可引以為豪的人/物。betheprideof…..意以…的驕傲takepridein以…為自豪.(=beproudof“以…為自豪,”proud是pride的形容詞。)E.g.Youaretheprideofusnow,andwewillbeproudofyouinthefuture.現(xiàn)在你是我們的驕傲,將來我們會(huì)為你感到自豪。知識(shí)點(diǎn)11：短語歸納Welcometotheunit在歷史上inhistory聽說hearof收到某人的來信hearfromsb.……的先驅(qū)thepioneerof…南非人SouthAfrican……的權(quán)利therightof…一生，畢生allone’slife最……之一oneofthe+最高級(jí)+n的復(fù)數(shù)Reading對(duì)......產(chǎn)生興趣becomeinterestedin進(jìn)行某人的第一次飛行takeone’sfirstflight在六歲時(shí)attheageofsix學(xué)生飛行員執(zhí)照studentpilot’slicence參加海軍jointhenavy作為一名飛行員服務(wù)serveasapilot試飛員atestpilot第一次forthefirsttime失去控制outofcontrol縮短飛行cuttheflightshort為了作進(jìn)一步的研究forfurtherresearch據(jù)說itissaidthat給......發(fā)信息sendamessageto...自由勛章theMedalofFreedom是......的驕傲beheprideof...23.設(shè)法做某事managetodosth.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)綜合知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：動(dòng)詞的6種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和狀態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般過去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞過去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般將來時(shí)will/shall/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形1.Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1.MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一、概念不同：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說話者的能力及自然現(xiàn)象。而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)（瞬間）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也表示目前或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：Sheoftendoesherhomeworkintheevening.她經(jīng)常在晚上做作業(yè)。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.現(xiàn)在她正在做作業(yè)。二、在構(gòu)成方式上的不同：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成有以下三種情況：①be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：am，is，are.②動(dòng)詞have的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式：have，has.③其他行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式有動(dòng)詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式。而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成是：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式（現(xiàn)在分詞）。三、時(shí)間狀語不同：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語主要有：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，everyday/week/month/year，onSundays，inthemorning/afternoon/evening等；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語主要有：now，thesedays，thisweek，atthemoment等，有時(shí)句首有“Look！”、“Listen！”或“It’s+時(shí)刻”等詞、句存在。例：Weplayfootballintheafternoon.我們?cè)谙挛缣咦闱?。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Mymotherisreadinganewspapernow.我媽媽正在看報(bào)紙。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：一般將來時(shí)的基本用法和特殊用法1.含義：用來表示在將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）am/is/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形（2）will+動(dòng)詞原形（主語部分可以是各種人稱）（3）shall+動(dòng)詞原形（主語部分為第一人稱）3.用法：（1）begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的并很可能發(fā)生的事。如：WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?Lookattheclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.=1\*GB3①will+動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或是存在的狀態(tài)。如：Willyoubebackintwodays?=2\*GB3②當(dāng)句中主語是I或者we時(shí)，一般使用shall,表示征求對(duì)方的意見。如：Whenshallwemeettomorrow?begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形和will+動(dòng)詞原形的比較①若是強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的，則通常要用begoingto；若是表示某個(gè)意圖沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮，而是在說話的當(dāng)時(shí)才臨時(shí)想到的，則通常用will。比較。如："Annisinhospital.""Oh,really?Ididn’tknow.I’llgoandvisither."“安住院了?！薄鞍?，真的嗎？我還不知道。我要去看看她。”(臨時(shí)想法，不能用begoingto)"Annisinhospital.""Yes,Iknow.I’mgoingtovisithertomorrow.“安住院了。”“我知道，我打算明天去看看她。”(事先考慮的意圖，不能用will)②若是有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，通常只用begoingto，不用will。如：Lookatthoseblackclouds.It’sgoingtorain.③帶有時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的主句通常不宜用begoingto，而用will：Whenhecomesback,Iwilltellhimthenews.Ifhecomesback,Iwilltellhimthenews.4.與一般將來時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrownext...:nextweek,nextyear等in...:inthreeyears,inaweek等soon,beforelong(不久之后)等5.“主將從現(xiàn)”原則1.主將從現(xiàn)是指在以if(如果),assoonas,until,when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。常見的有以下四種情況：條件狀語從句的主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.（2）如果主句是祈使句，那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.（3）如果主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom2.當(dāng)if表示“是否”時(shí)，不遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。例：Idon’tknowifhewillcometomyhometomorrow.知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法及區(qū)別一、一般過去時(shí)基本用法：表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：threedaysago,theotherday,lastyear等。特殊用法在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)描述過去將來的事情時(shí)，條件狀語從句、時(shí)間狀語從句和讓步狀語從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去將來時(shí)。例：Shewouldgivemeagiftwhenshecameagain.她再回來就給我一個(gè)禮物。表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，且用一般過去時(shí)。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute等。例：Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.她一進(jìn)來就告訴我發(fā)生在她身上的事情。Heboughtawatchbutlostit.他買了一塊表，但是丟了。如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用過去時(shí)。例：Hetoldmehehadagooddreamlastnight.他告訴我他昨晚做了一個(gè)好夢(mèng)。二、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞基本用法：A.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。句中經(jīng)常有過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去動(dòng)作陪襯。例：At9:00lastnightIwaswatchingfootballonTV.昨晚九點(diǎn)，我在看電視上的足球賽。Theywerehavingadiscussionthewholemorningyesterday.昨天早上他們一直在討論。Hewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.他走向那堆還在冒煙的火。B.時(shí)間狀語過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與時(shí)間狀語at5:00,between5:00and6:00,thistimelastweek,then,atthatmoment,when/while從句等連用。例：WhatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledyou?我給你打時(shí)你在做什么？特殊用法為過去發(fā)生的事情提供時(shí)間背景。例：Onedaytwofriendswerewalkingthroughaforest.有一天，兩個(gè)朋友走過一片森林。（后文整個(gè)故事發(fā)生在這一時(shí)間內(nèi)）B.表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如come,go,leave,fly,setoff等用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃，安排過去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：HesaidtheywereleavingforBeijingthenextday.他說他們第二天要去北京。C.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always,forever,continually,constantly修飾時(shí)，表示說話人的贊賞或厭煩的態(tài)度。例：Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers.他總是想到別人。Shewasconstantlyfindingfaultswithothers.她總愛給人找茬。有些動(dòng)詞wonder,hope,think常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示委婉的語氣。例：Iwaswonderingwhetheryoucouldcometojoinus.我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動(dòng)。三、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)，而一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成。例：Hewaswritinghiscompositionlastnight.他昨晚在寫作文。（不一定寫完）Hewrotehiscompositionlastnight.他昨晚寫了一篇作文。（已經(jīng)寫完）表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如：be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,know,want,notice)可用于一般過去時(shí)，但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。例：Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我討厭人們說話時(shí)口里含著食物。3.一般過去時(shí)與always,constantly,forever,continually等連用，表示“過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作”；而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與這些詞連用，表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，常帶有感情色彩。例：Healwaysgotupatsix.他過去總是六點(diǎn)起床。Hewasalwaysthinkingofhiswork.他總是一心想到工作。知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別及常考點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1.過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2.過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done標(biāo)志詞:already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,inthepast3years,before,sofar/bynow,overtheyears,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子,for+時(shí)間段等。一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的異同點(diǎn)：共同點(diǎn)：動(dòng)作都在過去。不同點(diǎn)：和現(xiàn)在有無關(guān)系。(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的過去動(dòng)作用一般過去。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去現(xiàn)在例：=1\*GB3①Ihaveinterviewedthefamouswriter.(我已經(jīng)完成采訪任務(wù)，我對(duì)他已經(jīng)有所了解了。)=2\*GB3②Iinterviewedthefamouswriteryesterday.(昨天我做的一件事，不涉及現(xiàn)在。)二、since和for的用法區(qū)別和聯(lián)系用于描述一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者可能還要延續(xù)到將來的動(dòng)作。常和for和since連用。(1)since的用法A.since后可加時(shí)間點(diǎn)。例：WehavelearnedEnglishsincenearlythreeyearsago.B.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，后面的時(shí)間狀語從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.(2)for的用法：for后加一段時(shí)間。例：Theyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenmonths.(3)since和for用法的相互轉(zhuǎn)換：for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+ago(4)對(duì)since和for的提問用howlong。例：--HowlonghaveyoubeeninNanjing?--Forthreeyears./Sincethreeyearsago.三、have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasbeento：曾經(jīng)去過，強(qiáng)調(diào)以往的經(jīng)歷。例：TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto：去了某地，強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒有回來。例：--Whereisyouruncle?--Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin：待在某地，住在某地。例：Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)注意句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。例：這本書我從圖書館已經(jīng)借了兩個(gè)多星期了。誤：Ihavealreadyborrowedthebookforovertwoweeks.正：Ihavealreadykeptthebookforovertwoweeks.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)可采用將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的方式。如：come—behere；go—bethere;die--bedead;borrow--keep;buy--have;join--bein(beamember);leave--beaway等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinish/endbeoverdiebedeadjoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayfromarrive/reachbeheregetmarriedbemarried總結(jié)：做動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)題的時(shí)候要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：1.根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語確定時(shí)態(tài)例：Everysummer,manyforeigners_____toHainanforvacations.A.comesB.cameC.comeD.coming2.根據(jù)上下文已有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)例：--Isyourmotheranurse?--Yes,sheis.She____inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.worksC.workedD.working上下文語意確定時(shí)態(tài)例：--Where’syourmother,Lucy?--She_____TVintheroom.A.watchesB.watchedC.iswatchingD.watching在復(fù)合句根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)例：Doyouknowifhebacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.A.comes;willcomeB.willcome;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes5.時(shí)態(tài)中的“特殊”對(duì)策例：TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—WhoisNelsonMandela?—A(n)________fortherightsofblackAfricans.A．inventor B．visitor C．fighter D．teacher2．Alotofman-madesatelliteshavebeen________intospacesofar.A．sentaway B．sentoff C．sentfor D．sentup3．—Listen!Thetelephoneisringing.Whocanthecallerbe?—mustbeDad.I’mafraidhewillbebackhomelatetoday.A．He B．She C．It D．That4．---HaveyouheardofacoolwashingmachinecalledBicycleWashingMachine?---Yes,it’sanewbyagroupofChineseuniversitystudents.A．invention B．informationC．instruction D．introduction5．Thegovernmentsshouldtheuseofnewtypesofenergytomakeagreenerworld.A．pushin B．pushfor C．putout D．putup6．It’stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I’llalwaysrememberthepeople________havehelpedme.A．who B．what C．which D．where7．—Shallwegotothestationtomeetourrelatives?—I’mafraidyou________.Theywilltakeataxibythemselves.A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t8．Marytogetherwithherparents________Hainanforaweekandtheywillcomebacksoon.A．havebeento B．hasbeenin C．havebeenin D．hasbeento9．________theageof7,Brucewonfirstprizeinthepianocompetition.A．In B．At C．On D．For10．HowmanyChineseastronauts________intospacesince2003?A．weresent B．sent C．havebeensent D．havesent11．Theoldmanfeltlonelyhiswifepassedaway.A．a(chǎn)fter B．since C．till D．before12．—Becareful!Youmightfallintothewater.—Thankyou.I_________I_________soclosetothepool.A．didn’tknow；amstanding B．don’tknow；amstandingC．didn’tknow；wasstanding D．don’tknow；wasstanding13．Pleaseconsider________tomorrowwithusseriously!A．goclimbing B．goingclimb C．goingclimbing D．togoclimbing14．Thebookyouwantissoldout_________.Youcancometoourbookstorenextweek.A．intime B．a(chǎn)tall C．forsure D．a(chǎn)tpresent15．—MayIhelpyou?Youseemtohavesometrouble.—________,thanks.IthinkIcanmanageitmyself.A．Noproblem B．There’snowayC．That’sallright D．Allright五、用所給單詞的正確形式填空41．Several________(Europe)losttheirwaywhentravellinginthemountain.42．Thepopulation________(increase)inthefirsthalfoflastcentury.43．Theycollectedsomerocksfor_______(far)research.44．Forsome________(know)reasons,hedidn’tturnupatthepartylastweek.45．The______(discover)ofX-raymadeiteasiertocheckandtreatpatients.46．Theprice______(fall)down,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.47．He_______(lift)hishandintotheairtogetmyattentionandsoonInoticedhim.48．I’llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI_______(do).49．HowhappyIam_____(see)youhereawayfromhome,Jane!50．Sorry,Ididn’tcatchwhatyousaidbecauseI________(read)thenewspaper.51．Healways________(fly)overthePacificOceanwithotherpilots.52．—Doyouhaveproblemsifyou______(offer)thisjob?—Well,I’mstillthinkingaboutit.53．There________(be)somemodernbuildingsaroundPeople’sSquareinafewyears,aren’tthere?54．WhenIgottotheclassroom,thewholeclass_______(argue)aboutwheretospendthecomingweekend.55．AtthattimeIwasnotsurewhetherhe________(pick)meupontimethenextday.六、完成句子56．我們的英語老師總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。OurEnglishteacherisalways_______________.57．世界上有3000多種語言，其中英語應(yīng)用最廣泛。Therearemorethan3,000languagesintheworld,andamongthemEnglish________________.58．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)建議我縮短工作時(shí)間，而不是熬夜。Theleaderadvisedme___________________.59．阿姆斯特朗在1962年被選中成為一名宇航員。Armstrong_______________astronautin1962.60．他們成功地將兩個(gè)航天器在太空首次交會(huì)對(duì)接。Theymanaged_______________________inspace.七、根據(jù)漢語提示填空61．Mikesatdirectlybehindthe________(飛行員)andtalkedwiththem.62．Therewasatimewheneachteacherspentanhour,onedayaweek,______（測(cè)試）pupilsineverysubject.63．Youcan’tremembersomany______（科學(xué)家）telephonenumbersinsuchashorttime.64．Theplane______（降落）afteraflightofthreehours.65．YaoMinghasplayedbasketballwellintheNBA．Heisthe________（驕傲）ofChina.【鞏固練習(xí)】二、閱讀單選World-famousphysicist（物理學(xué)家）StephenHawkingdiedpeacefullyinhishomeinCambridgeonMarch14th,2018.HawkingwasborninOxford,EnglandonJanuary8th,1942.HewenttoschoolinasmallcitynearLondon.Ashehimselfadmitted,hewasn’tveryseriousaboutstudying.Hedidverylittlework,andhewasnevertopofhisclass.However,hestillachievedgoodmarks.Afterleavingschool,HawkingfirstwenttoOxfordUniversitytostudyphysics.ThenhewenttoCambridgeUniversitytostudycosmology（宇宙學(xué)）.Attheageof21,Hawkingnoticedsomethingwrongwithhim.Hehadabadillnessthatstoppedhimfrommovingandtalking.Hecouldn’tcommunicateexceptbyblinking（眨眼）.Hesatonawheelchairwithacomputerbyhisside.Tocommunicatewithothers,hemovedtwofingerstocontrolthecomputer’smouse.Hechosehiswordsfromthescreen,whichwerethenspokenbyavoicesynthesizer（語音合成器）.“I’vehadthediseaseformostofmylife,”Hawkingoncesaid.“Yetithasnotstoppedmefrombeingsuccessfulatmywork.”AlthoughHawkingwasadisabledman,hemadegreatachievements.Hereceivedmanyawardsandprizesforhiswork,includingtheAlbertEinsteinAward—thehighestachievementinphysics.HawkingworkedatCambridgeUniversityasaprofessor.Hisstoryshowsthatnobody,howeverbadtheirsituationis,shouldlosehope.“Lifeisnotfair,”heoncesaid.“Youjusthavetodothebestyoucaninyourownsituation.”16．WhendidStephenHawkingpassaway?A．OnJanuary8th,1942. B．OnMarch14th,2018. C．OnMarch24th,2018.17．DuringstudyinginasmallcitynearLondon,weknowthatStephenHawking________.A．wasthebeststudentofhisclass B．didn’tworkhardathislessonsC．begantostudycosmology18．WhathappenedtoStephenHawkingwhenhewas21?A．Therewassomethingwrongwithhishead.B．Hecouldn’tevenblinktocommunicateexceptbymovingfingers.C．Hecouldneithertalknormove.19．HowdidStephenHawkingcommunicatewithothersafterthebadillness?A．Bymouth. B．Bybodylanguages. C．Byavoicesynthesizer.20．WhywasStephenHawkingsosuccessfulathiswork?A．Becauseheneverlosthopeinhisowncondition.B．Becauselifewasnotfairforhim.C．Becausehehadabadillness.閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)回答問題或完成句子。Withthedevelopmentofeconomics(經(jīng)濟(jì)),theproblemoftheleft-behindchildren(留守兒童)hasbecomeaserioussocialproblem.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedweshoulddosomethingtohelpthem.Thebiggestproblemisthatthechildrenareallhungryforthelovefromtheirparents.Manyofthemcanjustgetacalloraletterfromtheirparentshalfayear,ayearorevenseveralyears.Sosomechildrencan’trememberwhattheirparentslooklike.Whentheymeettheirowntroubles,theyhavenoonetotalkwith.Nobodygivesthemenoughcare.Becauseofbeingtoofarawayfromtheirparents,theleft-behindchildren’sstudyisthesecondbiggestproblem.Fromasurveyabouttheirstudy,onlytwopercentofthechildrengetgoodresults,whiletenpercentofthemarecommonandeighty-eightpercentofthemarepoor.Whatapity!Therearealsomanyotherproblemsoftheleft-behindchildren,suchashavingnoabilitytoprotectthemselves,unhealthylifestyles,spendingtoomuchpocketmoneyandtoomuchtimeontheInternetandsoon.Inaword,tosolvealltheproblemsoftheleft-behindchildrenneedsthegovernment,familiesandschoolstotrytheirbesttogether.21．Howmanyproblemsarementionedinthepassage?A．Two B．Three C．Morethanfour22．Whichisthemostseriousproblemoftheleft-behindchildrenaccordingtothepassage?A．Theycan’tgetenoughlovefromtheirparentsB．TheyarecrazyabouttheInternetC．Theydon’tstudywell23．Manypeoplethink.A．somethingshouldbedonetohelptheleft-behindchildrenB．theparentsoftheleft-behindchildrendon’tcareaboutthemC．thegovernmentandfamiliesshoulddotheirbest24．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisnotTRUE?A．Tenpercentoftheleft-behindchildrenaregoodatstudyB．Theleft-behindchildrencan’tseetheirparentsoftenC．Theleft-behindchildren’sproblemisasocialproblem25．Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A．TheLeft-behindChildrenB．TheProblemsoftheLeft-behindChildrenC．HowtoHelptheLeft-behindChildren三、閱讀填表Accordingtoatheory(理論)whichiscalledsocialproof(社會(huì)認(rèn)同)theory,peopleliketofollowthecrowdwhentheyarenotsureaboutthedirectionthattheyaresupposedtotake.Thismeansthatalargenumberofpeoplecouldbefollowingotherpeoplewithoutunderstandingwhatisrightandwhatiswrong!Thislures(引誘)morepeopleintofollowingthemandtheresultisthatmostofthepeoplemoveinacertaindirectionevenifitisnotright.Amanwhowantstobesuccessfulalwayswishesotherpeopletogivehimsomeadvice,andheusuallyfollowsthesamepathofmostpeople,butthequestionthatthismanneveraskedhimselfis:areallofthosepeoplesuccessful?Ofcoursetheyarenot!Ifyouwanttofollowacrowd,thenfollowasuccessfulone.However,inreallifeyouwillonlyfindonesuccessfulpersonamonghundredsofpeople,andthatiswhythecrowdmakesnosenseatall.Mostpeopleactemotionally(沖動(dòng)地)withoutthinkinginawisemanneroractinginanemotionallycleverway.Ifyoualwaysfollowotherpeoplebecausetheya