高中英語虛擬語氣Subjunctive語法課件

虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中)；二是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念if引導的虛擬條件句虛擬語氣[例句]1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.

假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。(與現在事實相反，事實上我不可能是你)2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.

要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實相反)3.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.

明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實可能相反)虛擬語氣在

在if非真實條件句中如果虛擬語氣從句中用should+動詞原形的話，主句也可以不用虛擬語氣，表示防備，以防萬一等含義.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,don’twaitforme.萬一明天下雨，不要等我了.IfTomshouldbleedagain,callme.萬一Tom又流血了，打電話給我.當條件從句與結果主句所表的時間不一致時，虛擬語氣的形式應當做相應的調整1)ifyouhadfollowedmyadviceyesterday,youwouldbebetternow.2)Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivenow.

3)Ifhehadtakenthemedicineyesterday,hewouldbefinenow.(從句與過去相反，主句與現在相反)在if非真實條件句中混合型的虛擬語氣如果if從句中有were,should或者had，可以省略if,而把這些詞放在主語前面構成倒裝。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldstayathome.=Had

youcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.=Shoulditrain,Iwouldstayathome.If條件句中虛擬語氣中的倒裝結構如果條件句為否定句，not應該放在主語后不能與were,had(助動詞),和should連寫放在句首.IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=WereInotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.

含蓄條件句

副詞如or,otherwise,介詞如with,without,butfor(要不是)等也可以引起虛擬語氣。例如：Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.Otherwise/orshewouldnothaveleftsoearly.Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallen

intothesea.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.

Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.要是有好的設備，我們本可以做的更好。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavesucceeded.要是沒有你的幫助，我不可能成功的。Butforthestorm,wecouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是這場暴風雨，我們本可以早點到的。Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibleto

liveinthe

desert.

1)動詞suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice

etc.引導的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣,以(should)+v原的形式現。

Weallsuggestthathe

(should)finish

hishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdownto

workatonce.2)Itis/wassuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required

)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現。E.g.It’sorderedthatonlyGerman

(should)be

taught

atschoolsinAlsasandLorin.

It’srequestedthatallthestudents

(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.注意：以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應以(should)+v原.的形式出現。Mysuggestionisthatyou

(should)go

homefirstbeforecominghere.Theordercamethatthework

(should)befinished

twodaysaheadoftime

注意:當suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅持認為”時不用虛擬！Hisaccentsuggestshe

comes

fromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthathe

agreed

withmydecision

Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.

wish引導的虛擬句IwishI

rememberedtheaddress..我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhe

hadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishit

wouldrain

tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預料明天不會下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlyasif/thoughdid/were現在haddone過去could/might/woulddo將來Shelovesthebabyasifit

were

herownson.Hespeaksasifhe

hadbeento

theUnitedStates.

It’s(about/high)time+that---過去時should+V.你該走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.Wouldratherthat現在/未來：過去：Iwouldratheryou

paidmenow.

Iwouldratheryou

hadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou

came

tomorrow.過去時過去完成時3.---DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?

---_____,Ifeelabitcold.(2004廣東)A.OfcoursenotB.I’dratheryoudidn’tC.GoaheadD.Whynot4.Hepaidaseat,whenhe___haveenteredfree.(2005山東)A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.needBA虛擬語氣Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetMoreExercisesAD虛擬語氣3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!ButIdidn’t.A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneBAB虛擬語氣6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得飽),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenCA虛擬語氣8.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had9.Idon’tthinkitistherighttimethatyou__.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DBC虛擬1.—Jackfellofftheladderyesterday,butfortunatelyhefelloffonthesoftgrass.—Whataluckydog!He__________________(本來可能傷害)himselfbadly.2.—Whatapity!Imissedthelastconcertoftheyear.—Oh,notatall.Itwassoterrible.infact,Iwouldrather________________(我沒去過)there.(be)3.Theyoungmandemandedthathe______________________(被送去工作)inthewestofChina.(send)Ihadn'tbeencouldhaveinjuredshouldbesenttowork虛擬4.Myparentsinsistedthatchildren_________________(不被理睬)whentheymadenoisesfornoreasonsa