社會創(chuàng)新與社會組織發(fā)展課件

社會創(chuàng)新與社會組織發(fā)展

SocialInnovationandDevelopmentofNGOsWangMing2008.12.4要點

Outline社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的問題

Theproblemsfacedbysocialreformandsocialinnovation社會組織的發(fā)展過程和發(fā)展趨勢

ThedevelopmenthistoryandtrendofNGOs社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的問題

Theproblemsfacedbysocialreformandsocialinnovation社會改革的必然性

Inevitabilityofsocialreform社會創(chuàng)新的基本命題

Basicpropositionsofsocialinnovation

社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的難題

Difficultiesinsocialreformandsocialinnovation1.2社會創(chuàng)新的基本命題

BasicPropositionsofSocialInnovation單位體制瓦解Disintegrationoforganizationsystem事業(yè)單位改革Reformofpublicinstitutions社會團體改革Reformofsocialorganizations人民團體改革Reformofpeople’sgroups后門關(guān)系失靈Failureofbackdoorpractices社會誠信喪失Lossofsocialcreditability社會重組Socialreconstruction

社會組織發(fā)育DevelopmentofNGOs

社區(qū)建設(shè)Communitybuilding

公民參與CitizensparticipationAbolishtheoldEstablishthenewAbolishtheoldsystemofsocialgovernanceAbolishtheoldmodeofsocialorganizationAbolishtheoldformofsocialcapitalAdapttothedevelopmentofmarketeconomyAdapttotheorientationofpoliticalreformAdapttotheneedsofcivilsociety1.3社會改革和社會創(chuàng)新面臨的難題

DifficultiesinSocialReformandInnovation舊體制已適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟Theoldsystemhasalreadyadaptedtothemarketeconomy適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟的舊體制處于寡頭壟斷地位Theoldsystemthathasadaptedtothemarketeconomyholdsanoligarchicposition舊而不破Itisoldbuthardtobeabolished;新而不立Itisnewbuthardtobeestablished;新溶于舊Thenewthenmixeswiththeold;新而無創(chuàng)HencenoinnovationismadeDifficultiesinabolishingtheoldDifficultiesinestablishingthenewDifficultiesininnovation社會組織的發(fā)展過程和發(fā)展趨勢

DevelopmentProcessandTrendofNGOs社會組織的界定與公民社會的含義

ThedefinitionofNGOandmeaningsofcivilsociety中國社會組織的發(fā)展歷程ThedevelopmenthistoryofChineseNGOs中國民間組織發(fā)育和發(fā)展的社會基礎(chǔ)ThesocialbasisforthegrowthanddevelopmentofChineseNGOs中國走向公民社會的發(fā)展道路ThedevelopmentpathofChinatowardcivilsociety社會組織定義

TheDefinitionofNGO概稱在社會轉(zhuǎn)型過程中由各個不同社會階層的公民自發(fā)成立的、在一定程度上具有非營利性、非政府性和社會性特征的各種組織形式及其網(wǎng)絡(luò)形態(tài)。這些組織中通常包括各種冠以“學(xué)會”、“研究會”、“協(xié)會”、“商會”、“促進會”、“聯(lián)合會”等名稱的會員制組織，以及包括基金會和各種民辦學(xué)校、民辦醫(yī)院、民辦社會福利設(shè)施等各類公益服務(wù)實體在內(nèi)的非會員制組織。NGOreferstovariousorganizationformsandtheirnetworkswhichareestablishedbyvarioussocialclassesandarenon-profit,non-governmentalandsocialtosomeextent.Theyincludethemembershiporganizationswhicharetitledsociety,academy,association,chamberofcommerce,promotioncouncilorfederationandnon-membershiporganizationssuchasfoundations,privateschools,privatehospitalsandprivatesocialwelfarefacilities,etc.

社會組織概念圖示

IllustrationoftheConceptofNGOStateMarketSocietyNGOinthebroadsense1Including:GrassrootscommunityorganizationsRuralprofessionalcooperativesRegisteredNPCsForeignNGCsinChinaNGOinthebroadsense2Including:people’sgroupspublicinstitutionsNGOinthebroadsense3Including:SocialEnterprisesNGOinthenarrowsenseIncluding:socialgroupsFoundationsPrivatenon-enterpriseorganizationsChamberofcommerce社會組織基本屬性

BasicPropertiesofNGO非營利性Non-profit不分配約束：不得從財產(chǎn)及運作中獲得利益；Non-distribution:obtainingnobenefitfromassetsandoperation;非牟利控制：具備有效規(guī)避較高風(fēng)險與較高回報的自我控制機制；Non-profit:havingself-regulatorymechanismwhichcanavoidrelativelyhighrisksandgainrelativelyhighreturnseffectively;財產(chǎn)保全限制：不得以捐贈以外的其它方式變更財產(chǎn)及其產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)。Assetpreservation:prohibitedfrommodifyingtheassetsandownershipstructurebyothermeansthandonation.非政府性Non-governmental自主、自治和獨立性，是自主決策、自治管理的獨立實體；Self-determined,self-governedandindependent:

theyareindependententitiesenjoyingindependentdecision-makingpowerandautonomousgovernance.民主、公開和社會性，是民主治理、公開透明的開放組織；Democracy,opennessandsociality:theyareopen,transparentanddemocraticallygovernedorganizations.非壟斷的市場競爭性，是追求核心競爭力、在市場中優(yōu)勝劣汰的實力組織。Non-monopolisticmarketcompetitiveness:theyareorganizationspursuingcorecompetitivenessandsubjecttothemarketruleof“survivalofthebest”.社會性Sociality資源的社會性，資源主要來自社會，包括募捐、接受捐贈、申請資助、收取會費等社會資源，以及志愿者等人力資源；Socialityofresources:theirresources,includingsuchhumanresourcesasvolunteers,derivemainlyfromsocietybywayofsolicitingdonations,acceptingdonations,applyingforfunding,collectingmembershipfees,etc.產(chǎn)出的社會性，提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)具有較強的利他或公益導(dǎo)向，其受益對象或是不特定多數(shù)的社會成員，或是社會上的弱勢群體或邊緣群體；Socialityofoutput:theirproductsorservicesarealtruisticandnon-profittoaveryhighdegree;theirbeneficiariesareeitherdisadvantagedgroupsorvulnerablegroups.問責(zé)的社會性，在其運作管理的過程中要受到來自社會及公共部門的問責(zé)與監(jiān)督。Socialityofaccountability:theiroperationandmanagementshallbesubjecttoaccountabilityandthesupervisionofsocietyandthepublicsector.2007年新分類圖示

IllustrationoftheNewClassification2007Sci-techandresearchEco-environmentEducationHealthSocialservicesCultureSportsLawServicesforindustryandcommerceReligionAgricultureandruraldevelopmentOccupationandemploymentorg.Internationalandforeign-relatedorg.Others

公民社會的含義

MeaningsofCivilSociety在一個社會中，各種形式的社會組織都能夠得到較為充分的發(fā)展，它們作為公民自發(fā)和自主的結(jié)社形式能較容易地獲得合法性支持，作為公民及其群體的社會表達形式能多渠道地進行溝通、對話、協(xié)商和博弈，作為公民參與社會公共事務(wù)的組織制度形式能在公平競爭的條件下得到來自公共部門的資源；公民及其群體因社會組織的存在而增加社會資本，企業(yè)等營利組織因社會組織的存在而富有社會責(zé)任，黨和政府等公共部門因社會組織的存在而更加民主、高效和提高問責(zé)能力，整個社會因社會組織的存在而富有和諧性、包容性、多樣化和承受力。這樣的一種由社會組織的充分發(fā)展所帶來的社會狀態(tài)，我們稱之為公民社會。Inasociety,ifalltypesofNGOscanfullydevelop,canobtainthelegalsupportquiteeasilyasaspontaneousandindependentformofassociationamongcitizens,cancommunicate,talk,consultandcompetewitheachotherthroughmultiplechannelsasaformofsocialexpressionofcitizensandtheirgroups,andcanacquireresourcesfromthepublicsectoronfairandcompetitiveconditionsasaformoforganizationthroughwhichcitizensparticipateinthepublicaffairs,andifcitizensandcitizengroupscanenjoymoresocialcapital,suchcommercialorganizationsasenterprisescanbemoresociallyresponsible,andsuchpublicsectororganizationsasthePartyandgovernmentcanbemoredemocratic,efficientandcanenhancetheaccountability,andtheentiresocietycanbemoreharmonious,tolerant,diversifiedandendurable,allduetotheexistenceofNGOs.WecallsuchkindofstateofsocietywhichcomeintobeingwiththesignificantdevelopmentofNGOacivilsociety.二.社會組織的發(fā)展歷程

2.DevelopmentHistoryofNGO

30年的總體發(fā)展態(tài)勢

Overalldevelopmenttrendinthepast30years第一階段：民間組織興起階段

Stage1:EmergenceofNGO

第二階段：民間組織的規(guī)范管理和新的發(fā)展高潮

Stage2:RegularizedmanagementandnewdevelopmentclimaxofNGO第一階段：民間組織興起階段

Stage1:EmergenceofNGOFoundationsAssociationsSocieties第二階段：民間組織的規(guī)范管理和新的發(fā)展高潮

Stage2:RegularizedManagementandNewDevelopmentClimaxofPrivateOrganizationsFoundationsAssociationsSocieties三.中國民間組織發(fā)育和發(fā)展的社會基礎(chǔ)

3.SocialBasisfortheGrowthandDevelopmentofChineseNGOs體制變革：民間組織的發(fā)生學(xué)

Institutionalchange:GenerationscienceofNGO公共空間：民間組織發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯

Publicspace:IntrinsiclogicofthedevelopmentofNGO集體行動：民間組織發(fā)展的階層基礎(chǔ)

Collectiveaction:SocialclassbasisforthedevelopmentofNGO

公共空間：民間組織發(fā)展的內(nèi)在邏輯

PublicSpace：IntrinsicLogicoftheDevelopmentofNGO從邊緣走向核心Fromthemargintothecore從自上而下

到上下結(jié)合

再到自下而上Fromtop-downTocombinationoftopandbottomTobottom-upMarginofthemarketsystemMarginofthestatesystemSocialtransformationgivesbirthtoanincreasinglybigpublicspaceandneeds集體行動：民間組織發(fā)展的階層基礎(chǔ)

CollectiveAction:SocialClassBasisfortheDevelopmentofNGO非主流Non-mainstream主流MainstreamStage1CiviliansStage2ElitesIntellectuals

farmers

Political

elites

IntellectualelitesEconomicelites

四.中國走向公民社會的發(fā)展道路

4.DevelopmentPathofChinatowardCivilSociety未來發(fā)展的主要影響因素

Keyfactorsthatinfluencefuturedevelopment

中國公民社會的發(fā)展道路

DevelopmentpathofChina’sCivilSociety

中國公民社會的發(fā)展道路

DevelopmentPathofChina’sCivilSociety

社會組織與政府高度合作