上海市高考英語11選10專題講義

學(xué)員編號：年級：高三課時數(shù)：3學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：授課類型C十一選十考情介紹與題型特點(diǎn)C十一選十做題技巧T十一選十能力提升授課日期及時段教學(xué)內(nèi)容專題知識梳理高頻詞匯選項(xiàng)高頻詞匯：名詞：cultivation;aircraft;consequence;competitor;investment;loyalty;prediction;applicant;specialty;concept;angle;position;philosophy;candidate;background;alteration動詞：plunge;reveal;count;extend;realize;allow;maximize;distinguish;contribute;expose;refer;obtain;divide;conceal;multiply;calculate形容詞：constant;precious;uncomfortable;enthusiastic;relevant;unconditional;initial;basic;cultural;extraordinary;private;complicated;suitable;instant;dependent;flexible;proper;responsible;extinct;embarrassing;accurate副詞：repeatedly;carefully;properly;doubly;enormously;merely;regularly;normally;virtually;annually;equally;efficiently;physically一詞多性：farm;benefit;mirror;back;average;favor;access;challenge;change;respect;figure;monitor;still;balance;approach一詞多義：common;conduct;promote;still;monitor;approach;figure;multiply專題精講一詞多性：普陀一模：例：They_49farmed_withbarehands,oftenlivedclosetohunger,andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone.解析：farm有名詞（農(nóng)場）和動詞（干農(nóng)活兒）兩種詞性，此處farm的形式和后面的lived,had是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用過去時farmed。青浦一模：例：Whilebothhensandducks43benefitthegardenbyeatingpests...解析：benefit一詞多性，此處作動詞，全句譯為：母雞和鴨子可以通過吃害蟲給花園帶來益處。松江一模：例：awaythat48mirrorstheircompanystandards解析：此處譯為：反映(mirror)公司水平的方式。徐匯一模：例：employeeswillgetitsmoney__46back__解析：getsth.back譯為“拿回…”，back同時可以做動詞，有詞組：backyouup，表示支持。楊浦一模：例：Originally,it42favored_candidateswithamilitaryflightbackground.解析：favor在這里作動詞，表示“支持”。閔行一模：例1：InMarchthe42releaseofalarge-scale,24-yearsurveygaveoneoftheclearestpicturesyetofthedeclineofAustralianandAsianshorebirds解析：release既可以做名詞還可以做動詞，此處做名詞，表示“發(fā)布”。例2：...includingthelong-distancemigrants(候鳥)thataremostdifficultto43monitor.解析：monitor做名詞表示“班長”，做動詞表示“監(jiān)管”，此處做動詞用。浦東一模：例1：Thisallowsthehospitaltoworkmoreeffectivelythanifweonly48approachproblemsoneway.解析：approach做名詞表示“方法；途徑；接近”，做動詞表示“接近；著手處理”，此處做動詞用，表示“著手處理”例2：Havingmoremalenurseswillhelpcreateapositive__49balance__betweenmaleandfemalestaff,解析：balance既是名詞也是動詞，都表示“平衡”，此處做名詞用。一詞多義：青浦一模：例：Ducksareimmunetosome41commondiseasesfoundinhens.解析：commondisease翻譯成“常見疾病”，common同時可以譯成“共同的”例如：commongoal。松江一模：例：He42conductedgoodresearchonthecompany’scorebusiness.解析：conduct進(jìn)行；導(dǎo)電；指揮，conduct在這里譯為“進(jìn)行、做”。長寧一模：例：Errorsanduncertainties42multiply__,cascadingupwardthroughachainofturbulentfeatures,解析：multiply大家熟悉的意思是乘法，本句考查增加，增多的意思。浦東一模：例：Malenursescanbeagreathelpinkeepingpatients46stillwhiletheyreceivepainfultreatment解析：still有“.靜止的、不動的。仍然”的意思，此處表示“不動的”。固定搭配：松江一模：例：Herearesometipsto44maximizeyourchancesofgettingajob.解析：固定搭配：maximizethechancesof，譯為最大化做某事的可能性。徐匯一模：例：classesthatare__41relevant_totheirposition解析：與他們職位相關(guān)的等級，詞組是berelevantto。楊浦一模：例：butalsofinduniquewaysto__41distinguish__themselvesfromtheharshcompetition.解析：這里需要一個動詞原形，填distinguish和from搭配，表示“區(qū)別”。閘北一模：例：...sothatthestudentsmay46refer__tothesepointsforreflectionorfurtherresearch.解析：這里需要一個動詞原形，和to搭配，表示“參考”。專題知識梳理現(xiàn)在分詞的考查：普陀一模：例：Motor-carscoverahundredmilesinlittlemorethananhour,whilecomputersoperateat_42lightning__speed.解析：本句考查現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法，lightingspeed形容光速或極快的速度。寶山一模：例1：Chancesareyou’llseeplentyofthemwiththeirheadsdown,tappingthescreensoftheirtabletsor41textingontheirsmartphones.解析：本句中的texting與tapping都是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語的用法。例2：Whenusingatablet,useacasethatcanbackupthedeviceatcomfortable49viewingangle.解析：本句的viewing與comfortable共同作前置定語修飾angle。奉賢一模：例：Andwhyeventhesmartestpeoplegettakeninbyfakebut50touchingstories.解析：本句中的touching為現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語的用法。青浦一模：例：When47raisingducks,onehastoconsiderjusthowmanythelandwillsupport.解析：本題考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語的用法。過去分詞的考查：虹口一模：例：Thoughtheirfriendshiphadnotbeenaparticularlylong-lastingone,MussorgskywasshockedbyHartmann’s45unexpecteddeath.解析：本題考查過去分詞作前置定語的用法?！眜nexpecteddeath”表示令人意想不到的死訊”。金山一模：例：Ifthereissomeoneorsomethingyoudislike,youarestill45limited,andyourabilitytogiveadviceisreduced.解析：本句中的limited為過去分詞作表語的用法。閘北一模：例：Most43complicatedideasandlongsentencesareavoidedwhilesymbolsorabbreviations（縮寫）arepreferredinstead.解析：本題考查的是過去分詞作前置定語。寶山一模：例：Whilethesefolksmaybemakinggooduseoftheirtimebystaying42connected,theirbodiesarepayingaheavypriceforsuchconvenience.解析：本句中中的stay為系動詞，后面的connected為過去分詞作表語。較難詞匯的考查：虹口一模：例：Manyartists,however,wouldprovethattherehasalwaysbeenawarmrelationshipbetweenthe41distinctareasofhumanactivity.解析：本題的distinct為形容詞，意思是“明顯的，獨(dú)特的，有區(qū)別的”。黃浦一模：例：Journalingmakesyouaccountableandmoreawareofwhatyou’reeating,soitmakessensethatit’llkeepyoufrom_48_mindlesslychewingifyouaren’tactuallyhungry.解析：mindlessly為副詞，意思是“粗心大意地，不注意地”，在句中作狀語修飾chewing。二．專題精講例1：Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox．Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce．Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed．A.valueB.shapeC.designedD.understandingE.importantlyF.economistsG.responseH.vastI.connectedJ.majorK.amazinglyThirteenyearsafterthelaunchofTaobao,Chinahasrisentobecometheworld’ssecondbusiestonlinemarketplace,behindonlytheUnitedStates.Thisisthekindofstatisticthat__41__love,butitdoesn’treallytellusanythingaboutwhysomanypeopleliketobuysomanythingsonline.Isitbecauseitseasy?Isitbecauseofthe__42__selection?Isitbecausewewanttofeel__43__tootherswithoutleavingthehouse?Taobaowasinfacta__44__toebay’sentranceintotheChinesemarketin2003.JackMa(馬云)knewthatheknewChinabetterthantheAmericansdid,andthatTaobaocouldbeatebayatitsowngamehere.Hewasright,andJackMahashelpedto__45__thenatureofonlinecommerceinChina—whatitlookslike,howitworks,and,most__46__,whoitsusersare.Taobao’saesthetic(美學(xué))isdistinctive,andhasinfluencedandinspiredcompetitorsinChinaandaroundtheworld.Thewayitworksisalsodifferentfromother__47__onlineretailers(零售店).ButtherealgeniusofTaobaoliesinits__48__ofitsusers.Whatitlookslikeandhowitworks,afterall,were__49__withtheusersinmind:ayoung,increasingly“connected”andincreasinglywealthyChinesegeneration.WhentheydesignedTaobao,JackMaandhisteamrealizedthatmanyyoungpeopleinChinastrongly__50__socialinteractionwiththeirpeers,sotheymadesuchinteraction—everythingfrommessagingtolivechatstorecommendationsandreviews—acorepartoftheTaobaoshoppingexperience.Keys:41.F42.H43.I44.G45.B46.E47.J48.D49.C50.A解析：41:首先判斷此空的詞性，前面的that很顯然是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，statistic是先行詞，那此空格處不可能是修飾love的形容詞，love還可做動詞用（這一點(diǎn)很多學(xué)生容易忽略），因此love前應(yīng)該是定從的主語，因此economists比較合適。42:從空格的位置可初步判斷應(yīng)填一個可修飾selection的形容詞，然后根據(jù)句意，可知是龐大的，巨大的選擇，因此選vast.43:空格后的to是解題的關(guān)鍵，response和connected都可加to,但根據(jù)句意“是否我們想足不出戶就感到與其他人有聯(lián)系？”因此選connected.44:空格后有介詞to,response放入此句中句意符合。45:helpto后應(yīng)跟動詞原形，但此題難點(diǎn)在于shape的詞性有兩種，既是名詞又是動詞。另外，后面一句講的是淘寶網(wǎng)的各個方面，所以應(yīng)該是馬云幫助中國網(wǎng)上商業(yè)特性定型。46:此空很明顯應(yīng)填副詞。所給的詞中，有importantly和amazingly，根據(jù)句意，并沒有驚奇的意思，可知應(yīng)該是importantly.47:空格中應(yīng)填的詞性為形容詞，修飾retailers,根據(jù)句意，可知是major，要注意的是major的兩種詞性。48:空格在its和of之間，可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是填名詞。要注意的Ving也是名詞性的，因此，understanding詞性符合，另外，句意也符合。49:根據(jù)空格的位置，可知應(yīng)該是be+Ved+介詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以選designed.,本句句意為“淘寶網(wǎng)的表現(xiàn)形式和運(yùn)營方式是按照心目中的用戶所設(shè)計(jì)的。50:由strongly可知空格中應(yīng)填動詞，剩下了value和amazingly,學(xué)生易忽略value的動詞詞性。例2：Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.rejected B.eventually C.various D.ready E.commercializeF.prospect G.delivered H.employed I.samples J.transplantsK.inevitablySinceitsappearancein2007,researchersatSanDiego-basedOrganovohaveexperimentedwithprintingawidevarietyoftissues,includingbitsoflung,kidneyandheartmuscle.Nowtheworld’sfirstpubliclytraded3Dbio-printingcompanyisgetting____41____forproduction.InJanuaryslicesofhumanlivertissuewere____42____toanoutsidelaboratoryfortesting.These____43____takeabout30minutestoproduce,saysKeithMurphy,thefirm’schiefexecutiveLaterthisyearOrganovoaimstobegincommercialsales.Theinventionof3Dprintingprovidedatechnologynow____44____tomanufactureeverythingfromaircraftpartstobodyparts.Butthe____45____of3Dbio-printingisevenbrighter:tocreatehumantissuesforresearch,drugdevelopmentandtesting,and____46____asreplacementorgans,suchasakidney,forpatientsdesperatelyinneedof____47____.Bio-printedorganscouldbemadefrompatients’owncellsandthuswouldnotbe____48____bytheirimmunesystems.Theycouldalsobemanufacturedondemand.Atpresentonlyafewofcompaniesaretryingto____49____theproductionofbio-printedtissues.ButThomasBoland,anearlypioneerinthefield,saysthatplentyofothersareinterested.Healsoestimatesthatabout80teamsatresearchinstitutionsaroundtheworldarenowtryingtoprint____50____smallpiecesoftissuessuchasskin,bloodvessels,liver,lungandheart.“It’sawonderfultechnologytobuildthree-dimensionalbiologicalstructures,”saysGaborForgacs,whoco-foundedOrganovoin2007.Keys:DGIHFBJAEC答案解析：41.【參考答案】D【試題解析】詞組getreadyfor，“準(zhǔn)備”的考查，這個公司正準(zhǔn)備投入生產(chǎn)。42. 【參考答案】G【試題解析】此題是被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)意思很好判斷，“在一月份，人體的肝組織被運(yùn)到實(shí)驗(yàn)室里做測試”。43. 【參考答案】I 【試題解析】根據(jù)前面的“these”和謂語動詞“take”可知這里應(yīng)該填一個名詞復(fù)數(shù)，I/J可供選擇，根據(jù)意思選擇I“樣本、標(biāo)本”。44. 【參考答案】H 【試題解析】分析句子成分可知這里填一個分詞做后置定語，employ這里應(yīng)該翻譯為“應(yīng)用、使用”，“3D立體印刷技術(shù)提供了一種可以用來制造所有東西的技術(shù)”。45. 【參考答案】F 【試題解析】根據(jù)所在位置是主語，謂語動詞“is”是單數(shù)可判斷，此題需填名詞單數(shù)，根據(jù)意思（“前景光明”）和詞形，選擇prospect“前景”。46. 【參考答案】B【試題解析】本題有點(diǎn)難度，要注意把一整句結(jié)合在一起看，“tocreatehumantissuesforresearch,drugdevelopmentandtesting,and____46____asreplacementorgans,suchasakidney”，“制造人體組織用于研究，制藥，和測試，并最終作為器官的替代物，比如腎臟”，中間的研究、制藥、測試到運(yùn)用是層層遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。47.【參考答案】J【試題解析】此題意思好理解，但要注意詞性，“transplant”這里當(dāng)名詞用。48. 【參考答案】A【試題解析】這題是很明顯的被動語態(tài)，所以選擇過去分詞，備選項(xiàng)是A/G/H，根據(jù)意思和排除法，選擇A，“不會被身體的免疫系統(tǒng)排斥”，這題也屬于常識。49.【參考答案】E【試題解析】此題填動詞原形，只有E/F可供選擇，根據(jù)意思和排除法，選擇commercialize“使商業(yè)化”。50.【參考答案】C【試題解析】這里需填一個形容詞，根據(jù)意思和排除法，選擇various“各種各樣的”。四．學(xué)法提煉1.通過給學(xué)生介紹十一選十的考情及題型特點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生深入掌握在做題過程中對所給備選詞詞性及詞義的掌握；2.學(xué)生需要充分掌握那些一詞多性及一詞多義的詞語的用法，學(xué)會在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中逐漸積累此類詞語。能力培養(yǎng)能力一：Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.croppedB.homeC.desirableD.issueE.illegalF.sceneG.presentedH.worseningI.urbanJ.endureK.disturbedIfthissummeryoupayavisittoMilan,thefashioncentreofItaly,makesureyou’renotcaughteatingicecreaminthestreetsaftermidnightasdoingsoisnow___41___.AnewlawwaspassedbyMilan’scitycouncilbanningthesaleoftake-awayfoodanddrinksaftermidnightinsomedistrictswhicharefamousfortheirnightlife___42___.Thepurposeofthisunusualmoveis,accordingtothecitycouncil,todiscouragenightgatheringindowntownareas.Thelawinevitablyhasgivenrisetoanumberofprotests,accusingthatthegovernmenthas___43___people’snormallives.However,ifyoutakeintoconsiderationthecountry’s___44___economyanditshighunemploymentrate,thelocalgovernment’sfearof‘nightassembling’maybereasonable.Infact,Milan’slawisonlythestrangestofahostofrestrictionsonnightlifethathave___45___upinEuropeancitiesrecently.Madrid’scitycentrewasdeclareda‘low-noisezone’lastSeptemberandthecitycouncilhasbeenrefusingto___46___barandclublicenseseversince.WhydoEuropeancitiesdealsostrictlywithnightlife?ItmaybebecauseEurope’spopulationisgettingolderandcannolonger___47___latenightactivitieswithintheneighbourhood.Inthepast,barsandclubsbloomedinEuropeancitycentres,whichwere___48___toworkingclasspopulations.Butgradually,thesepeoplebegantomoveoutofthecitycentresandintothesuburbs.Onlythewealthyandtheupper-classpeoplecanaffordtolivein___49___centresnow.Butthesepeopledon’tgotobarsandclubstosocialize.Instead,theyconsiderfun-seekerswhowanderintheirneighbourhoodsannoying.Theyalsoworrythatbarsandclubswillmaketheirneighbourhoodsless___50___anddevaluetheirhousingproperty.Keys:41-45EFKHA46-50DJBIC41.【參考答案】E【試題解析】illegal形容詞。意思是“不合法的”。和上文的makesurenot、as結(jié)合，不難得出答案。42.【參考答案】F【試題解析】scene名詞。意思是“景象”。Their后面的中心詞要加名詞，按照句意是nightlifescene夜景。43.【參考答案】K【試題解析】disturb動詞，意思是“打擾”。此時的has后面加done,按照句意hasdisturbedpeople’snormallives已經(jīng)打擾到人們的正常生活。44. 【參考答案】H【試題解析】worsening形容詞。意思是“日益惡化的。按照句意thecountry’sworseningeconomy國家的日益惡化的經(jīng)濟(jì)。45. 【參考答案】A【試題解析】cropup意思是“出現(xiàn)”。46. 【參考答案】D【試題解析】issue動詞，意思是“發(fā)行發(fā)布”47. 【參考答案】J【試題解析】endure動詞，意思是“忍耐，容忍”按照句意ItmaybebecauseEurope’spopulationisgettingolderandcannolongerendurelatenightactivitieswithintheneighbourhood.也許是歐洲的人口正趨老齡話，并且在附近/街坊再也不能忍受晚間活動了。48.【參考答案】B【試題解析】固定搭配behometo：為…的所在地。49.【參考答案】I【試題分析】urban形容詞，意思“城市的”。urbancentre：市中心。50.【參考答案】C【試題分析】desirable形容詞，意思“令人滿意的”maketheirneighbourhoodslessdesirable：使得住宅區(qū)令人不滿意的。能力二：Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.achieved B.authority C.available D.code E.dominatedF.educational G.opinions H.matters I.related J.representativesK.symbolizationItisimportantthatstudents’feelings,opinionsandsuggestionsarelistenedto,takenintoaccount,andthattherightactionistaken.Thereareanumberofwaysthatthiscanbe__41__,i.e.schoolcouncils,yearcouncilsandpeermentoring.SchoolcouncilsMostschoolshaveaschoolcouncilwhichexiststolettheteachersandheadteacherknowwhatstudents’__42__areonarangeofschoolissues.Theschoolcouncilusuallyconsistsoftwoorthreeelected__43__fromeachyeargroup.Aschoolcouncilmightmeetonceortwiceamonthtodiscussissuessuchasthedress__44__,theuseofsocialareas,charityfundraisingandbullying.YearcouncilsBecauseschoolcouncilsaresometimes__45__byolderstudents,someschoolshaveintroducedyearcouncils.Theaimofayearcouncilistogivestudentstheopportunitytoexpressopinionson__46__ofimportancetothatparticularyeargroup.Thefollowingisanexampleoftherulesrelatingtoaschool’scouncilforyear8(pupilsaged12-13).Theheadofyearwillattendallcouncilmeetingsasanobserverandboththeyandtheotheryearstaffwillbe__47__asrequiredtooffersupportandadvicetocouncilmembersandtoassistinthesettlementofarguments.PeermentoringThereareotherwaysinwhichstudents’voicescanbeheard.Oneofthemostpopularschemesinvolvespeermentoring.Thosewhoexpressaninterestreceivetrainingtobecomementors(導(dǎo)師)sothattheyarebetterequippedtohelpothers.Thisstartsfromprimaryschoolage,whenthementorsmaygetinvolvedinissues__48__toconflictresolution.Atsecondaryschoolandatuniversity,mentorsarelikelytodealwithalargervarietyofissues,suchas__49__andhealth-relate