2020成人英語三級(jí)考試詞匯與語法輔導(dǎo)：連詞

2020成人英語三級(jí)考試詞匯與語法輔導(dǎo)：連詞連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。第一類表示并列關(guān)系的連詞1)and和判斷改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò))Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.(錯(cuò))Theystartedtodanceandsang.(錯(cuò))Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.(對(duì))Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.(對(duì))Theystartedtodanceandsing.(對(duì))Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析：第一句：and連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語，所以talk應(yīng)改為talked。第二句：and連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to，因此sang應(yīng)改為sing。第三句：and連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，注意：1.and還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。(or也有此用法)Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed2,AandB當(dāng)表示整體或者指同一人時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),當(dāng)and連接的單數(shù)名詞前分別有each，every，many等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語也用單數(shù)。breadandbutteraknifeandforkThemotherandteacherisverystrictwithherson.Noteacherandnostudentisallowedtosmokeinclass.3.and連接的是兩個(gè)相同意思的詞，表示“漸漸”，或加強(qiáng)語氣Readitagainandagain2)both?and兩者都Sheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar.3)neither?nor意思為"既不??也不??"謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。Neitheryounorheistoblame.notonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.注意：notonly?butalso關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not而必須倒裝。Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanTheteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.1)并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2)但有時(shí)and也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。典型例題---Idon'tlikechicken___fish.---Idon'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表轉(zhuǎn)折。判斷改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò))Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.(錯(cuò))Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.(對(duì))Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(對(duì))Wecan'tlivewithoutairandwater.第二類表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞1)or意思為"或則"。Whichdoyouprefer,tea,coffee,orjuice?2)either?or意思為"或者??或者??"。注意謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。EitheryouorIamright.3)orelse/otherwise否則Besilent,orelseyouwillbekickedout.Iamtired,otherwise,Iwouldplay.第三類表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞1)but但是Heisrichbutunhappy.while然而，表示對(duì)比意味Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.yet然而Shesaidshewouldbelate,yetshearrivedontime.however然而，可是，不過Shedoesnotlikehim,however,Ilikehim.2)not?but?意思為"不是??而是??"not和but后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.典型例題---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?---I'dliketo,___I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but原因的as都不符合句意。第四類表因果關(guān)系的連詞1)for因?yàn)?，做并列連詞使用時(shí)，是在對(duì)先行的句子補(bǔ)述原因或者理由，只可以連接句子與句子，通常不置于句首。Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.2)so,therefore因此Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.Ithink,thereforeIam3)then那么，因而Hidebehindthewall,thentheywon’tseeyou.注意：a.兩個(gè)并列連詞不能連用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列連詞連用。YoucanwatchTV,andoryoucangotobed.Hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldn'tplayinthegame.b.alth