Unit+3+Discover+Useful+Structures課件 【高效備課精研+知識(shí)精講提升】高中英語人教版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Grammar:直接引語和間接引語觀察以下例句，總結(jié)直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語的規(guī)則。DirectSpeechindirectSpeechThereporterasked,"Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?"Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.Thereporterasked,"Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?"Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.“Let‘sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.直接引語和間接引語1.基本概念（1）直接引語：直接引述別人的話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫直接引語。（2）間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語?！军c(diǎn)撥】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等一般均要作相應(yīng)的變化。2.人稱的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱的變化遵循的原則為：“一隨主

二隨賓

第三人稱不更新”。1）一隨主：引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間接引語時(shí)

與主句主語的人稱保持一致。Marrysaid，“Iwanttohaveacomputer.”

→Marrysaidthatshewanttohaveacomputer.

2）二隨賓：引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間接引語時(shí)

與主句賓語的人稱保持一致。

若引述動(dòng)詞后沒有賓語，也可用第一人稱。IsaidtoLily，“youmustmakegooduseofthechance.”

→Itold

Lily

that

shemustmakegooduseofthechance

.

heasked,“Areyouasoldier?”→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.I3）第三人稱不更新：引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱代詞

變間接引語時(shí)人稱不變Shesaidtome，“They

wanttopurchaseanewcar.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtopurchaseanewcar.

句型轉(zhuǎn)換1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.sheIhim句型轉(zhuǎn)換3）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.4）“Iwillcomehereagaintoday，”shesaid.→Shesaidthat

wouldgothereagainthatday.5）Hesaid，“Iamlivingwithmycousin.”→Hesaidthat

waslivingwith

cousin.heshehehis3.句型的變化（1）直接引語是陳述句，間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that可省略。

主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaidtome，“I’mamazedatyourrapidrecovery.”→Hesaidtome(that)hewasamazedatmyrapidrecovery..（2）直接引語是一般疑問句或反義疑問句，間接引語用

whether/if

引導(dǎo)，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序，謂語動(dòng)詞say（said）改為ask（asked）或wonder(wondered)。MrTonny

said

tome，“Areyourinjuriessevere?”→MrTonnyasked

me

if/whether

myinjuriesweresevere.shesaid

tome,“youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?”→shewondered

if/whether

Ihadseenthefilm.（3）直接引語是選擇疑問句，間接引語為whether...or...從句

Iaskedhim,“willyoustayathomeorgotoseeafilmtonight?”→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoseeafilmthatnight.（4）直接引語是特殊疑問句，間接引語用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，疑問語序變

為陳述語序。Heaskedme

，“whocuredyouofyourtoothache?”

→Heaskedmewhohadcuredmeofmytoothache?”

（5）直接引語是祈使句，間接引語變?yōu)?/p>

ask/tell/ordersb.

todosth.

句式。Hesaid，“Followhisinstructions.”→HetoldmetoFollowhisinstructions.【注意1】：若直接引語中祈使句是否定形式，變間接引語時(shí)，不定式to前要加not或never.Shesaid,“don’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”→Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.【注意2】祈使句中的

please

在間接引語中必須省略?！癙leasepassmethepump，”hesaidtoher.→Heaskedhertopasshimthepump.他請(qǐng)她把水泵遞給他。

（6）直接引語是表建議，提議的祈使句，多采用suggest+doing

或suggest+that從句，offertodo,ask/advice/wantsbtodo.Shesaid,“l(fā)et’sgotothelecturehall.”→Shesuggestedgoingtothelecturehall./Shesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothelecturehall.（7）直接引語是感嘆句，間接引語用what

或

how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。

Shesaid,“whatalovelydayitis！”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas./Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme

I

watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked

theadsforjobsabroad.that

hadleftwhether

likedwhereIhadfound句型轉(zhuǎn)換（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked

then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He

again

.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys

somuchnoise.whatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

thenextdaynottomake 4.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，則間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)相應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，如下所示：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)1）如果直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Thegeographyteachersaidtous，“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”→Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.

2）如果直接引語中有明確的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，

時(shí)態(tài)不變。Thesailor

saidtome，“Iwasbornin1973.”→Thesailor

saidtomethathe

wasbornin1973.”句型轉(zhuǎn)換1）Theteachersaid，“You

aredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday. 4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldis

isshewasgoing

變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthese時(shí)間狀語nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…thatthosethenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…5.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear..

地點(diǎn)狀語here方向性動(dòng)詞comebringthedaybeforetendays…beforethenextday/year…theregotake句型轉(zhuǎn)換1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher

.